{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:29:51Z","timestamp":1780979391869,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-08178-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T12:02:11Z","timestamp":1691409731000},"page":"737-742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Necrotizing external otitis: diagnostic clues in the emergency department"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"281","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9808-1846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Vaca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda M.","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adela I.","family":"Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Polo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"de los Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"8178_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100101562","volume":"101","author":"D Cohen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cohen D, Friedman P (1987) The diagnostic criteria of malignant external otitis. J Laryngol Otol 101(3):216\u2013221","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8178_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00858-2","volume":"4","author":"J Rubin Grandis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rubin Grandis J, Branstetter BF 4th, Yu VL (2004) The changing face of malignant (necrotising) external otitis: clinical, radiological, and anatomic correlations. Lancet Infect Dis 4(1):34\u201339","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"8178_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181661879","volume":"29","author":"BZ Joshua","year":"2008","unstructured":"Joshua BZ, Sulkes J, Raveh E, Bishara J, Nageris BI (2008) Predicting outcome of malignant external otitis. Otol Neurotol 29(3):339\u2013343","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8178_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2016.04.005","volume":"37","author":"S Stern Shavit","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stern Shavit S, Soudry E, Hamzany Y, Nageris B (2016) Malignant external otitis: factors predicting patient outcomes. Am J Otolaryngol 37(5):425\u2013430","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8178_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.06.924","volume":"143","author":"LM Jacobsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jacobsen LM, Antonelli PJ (2010) Errors in the diagnosis and management of necrotizing otitis externa. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 143(4):506\u2013509","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"8178_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182804aee","volume":"34","author":"P Mahdyoun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mahdyoun P, Pulcini C, Gahide I et al (2013) Necrotizing otitis externa: a systematic review. Otol Neurotol 34(4):620\u2013629","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8178_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-007-0416-8","volume":"265","author":"H Sudhoff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sudhoff H, Rajagopal S, Mani N, Moumoulidis I, Axon PR, Moffat D (2008) Usefulness of CT scans in malignant external otitis: effective tool for the diagnosis, but of limited value in predicting outcome. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 265(1):53\u201356","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"12","key":"8178_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2020.1808242","volume":"140","author":"S Dabiri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dabiri S, Karrabi N, Yazdani N et al (2020) Facial nerve paralysis in malignant otitis externa: comparison of the clinical and paraclinical findings. Acta Otolaryngol 140(12):1056\u20131060","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8178_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s40134-018-0263-y","volume":"6","author":"AMJL van Kroonenburgh","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Kroonenburgh AMJL, van der Meer WL, Bothof RJP, van Tilburg M, van Tongeren J, Postma AA (2018) Advanced imaging techniques in skull base osteomyelitis due to malignant otitis externa. Curr Radiol Rep 6(1):3","journal-title":"Curr Radiol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"8178_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689008300115","volume":"83","author":"I Friedmann","year":"1990","unstructured":"Friedmann I (1990) Pathological lesions of the external auditory meatus: a review. J R Soc Med 83(1):34\u201337","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"8178_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1026","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001972","volume":"39","author":"U Hn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hn U, Prasad SC, Russo A, Grinblat G, Sanna M (2018) Cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal: review of staging and surgical strategy. Otol Neurotol 39(10):e1026\u2013e1033","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"11","key":"8178_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215111001691","volume":"125","author":"P Mehrotra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mehrotra P, Elbadawey MR, Zammit-Maempel I (2011) Spectrum of radiological appearances of necrotising external otitis: a pictorial review. J Laryngol Otol 125(11):1109\u20131115","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8178_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2011.01.020","volume":"38","author":"YA Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen YA, Chan KC, Chen CK, Wu CM (2011) Differential diagnosis and treatments of necrotizing otitis externa: a report of 19 cases. Auris Nasus Larynx 38(6):666\u2013670","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"1","key":"8178_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2011.05.002","volume":"33","author":"D Chakraborty","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chakraborty D, Bhattacharya A, Kamaleshwaran KK, Agrawal K, Gupta AK, Mittal BR (2012) Single photon emission computed tomography\/computed tomography of the skull in malignant otitis externa. Am J Otolaryngol 33(1):128\u2013129","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8178_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27526","volume":"129","author":"S Stern Shavit","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stern Shavit S, Bernstine H, Sopov V, Nageris B, Hilly O (2019) FDG-PET\/CT for diagnosis and follow-up of necrotizing (malignant) external otitis. Laryngoscope 129(4):961\u2013966","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"11","key":"8178_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28609","volume":"130","author":"JJ Sturm","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sturm JJ, Stern Shavit S, Lalwani AK (2020) What is the best test for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response in malignant otitis externa? Laryngoscope 130(11):2516\u20132517","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"5","key":"8178_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001812","volume":"39","author":"T Cooper","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cooper T, Hildrew D, McAfee JS, McCall AA, Branstetter BF 4th, Hirsch BE (2018) Imaging in the diagnosis and management of necrotizing otitis externa: a survey of practice patterns. Otol Neurotol 39(5):597\u2013601","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8178_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2015.12.029","volume":"159","author":"JV Carter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carter JV, Pan J, Rai SN, Galandiuk S (2016) ROC-ing along: evaluation and interpretation of receiver operating characteristic curves. Surgery 159(6):1638\u20131645","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"8178_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2003.082","volume":"26","author":"J Attia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Attia J (2003) Moving beyond sensitivity and specificity: using likelihood ratios to help interpret diagnostic tests. Aust Prescr 26:111\u2013113","journal-title":"Aust Prescr"},{"issue":"3","key":"8178_CR20","first-page":"209","volume":"11","author":"D Cohen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cohen D (1990) Borderline cases of malignant external otitis. Am J Otol 11(3):209\u2013211","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"8178_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8702","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949310201109","volume":"102","author":"T Shpitzer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Shpitzer T, Stern Y, Cohen O, Levy R, Segal K, Feinmesser R (1993) Malignant external otitis in nondiabetic patients. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 102:8702","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"8178_CR22","unstructured":"Zimmerli W (2018) Osteomyelitis. Jameson J, & Fauci A.S., & Kasper D.L., & Hauser S.L., & Longo D.L., & Loscalzo J (Eds.), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20e. McGraw-Hill"},{"issue":"3","key":"8178_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2011.01413.x","volume":"23","author":"JC Harris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Harris JC, Caesar DH, Davison C, Phibbs R, Than MP (2011) How useful are laboratory investigations in the emergency department evaluation of possible osteomyelitis? Emerg Med Australas 23(3):317\u2013330","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"issue":"6","key":"8178_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2015.12.005","volume":"14","author":"N Maffulli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maffulli N, Papalia R, Zampogna B, Torre G, Albo E, Denaro V (2016) The management of osteomyelitis in the adult. Surgeon 14(6):345\u2013360","journal-title":"Surgeon"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08178-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08178-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08178-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T20:02:55Z","timestamp":1705608175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08178-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["8178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08178-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No funding was received for conducting this study. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}