{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:11:14Z","timestamp":1792595474308,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["860718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["860718"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Programming a cochlear implant (fitting) is an essential part of a user\u2019s post-implantation journey, defining how sound will be translated into electrical stimulation and aiming to provide optimal speech perception outcomes. Currently, there are no established, evidence-based guidelines for fitting cochlear implant users, leading to a high degree of variability in fitting practices, users\u2019 parameters, and probably outcomes. In this study a data-driven approach is used to retrospectively investigate the relation between cochlear implant fitting parameters and speech perception outcomes in post-lingually deafened adults.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>298 data points corresponding to fitting parameters and speech audiometry test results for the same number of adult, post-lingually deafened, experienced CI users were analyzed. Correlation analysis was performed, after which parameters from the top-scoring and bottom-scoring tertiles were compared via the Mann\u2013Whitney\u2013Wilcoxon <jats:italic>u<\/jats:italic> test.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Weak correlations between dynamic range and speech audiometry outcomes were identified, having <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> values lower than (albeit close to) 0.05. A significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) difference in electrical dynamic range (the difference between the minimum and maximum amount of current which may be delivered by each electrode) was found, with top-scoring subjects having on average a wider dynamic range.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The association between dynamic range and speech perception outcomes shown in this retrospective study highlights the need for deeper investigation into evidence-driven fitting. It might be a first step in the direction of evidence-based fitting, minimizing variability in outcomes for cochlear implant users and helping mitigate the issue of unexplained low performance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-08195-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T12:02:27Z","timestamp":1693828947000},"page":"1163-1173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The relation between cochlear implant programming levels and speech perception performance in post-lingually deafened adults: a data-driven approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"281","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0123-5947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Migliorini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1864-2816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastiaan","family":"van Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7506-8868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgit","family":"Philips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7933-9995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Mylanus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3479-4657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy","family":"Huinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"8195_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AUD.0000134552.22205.EE","volume":"25","author":"JB Firszt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Firszt JB et al (2004) Recognition of speech presented at soft to loud levels by adult cochlear implant recipients of three cochlear implant systems. Ear Hear 25(4):375\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.AUD.0000134552.22205.EE","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"3","key":"8195_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000113510","volume":"13","author":"RH Gifford","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gifford RH, Shallop JK, Peterson AM (2008) Speech recognition materials and ceiling effects: considerations for cochlear implant programs. Audiol Neurotol 13(3):193\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000113510","journal-title":"Audiol Neurotol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8195_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3182741aa7","volume":"34","author":"LK Holden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holden LK et al (2013) Factors affecting open-set word recognition in adults with cochlear implants. Ear Hear 34(3):342\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3182741aa7","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"10","key":"8195_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001211","volume":"37","author":"AC Moberly","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moberly AC, Bates C, Harris MS, Pisoni DB (2016) The enigma of poor performance by adults with cochlear implants. Otol Neurotol 37(10):1522\u20131528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001211","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8195_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2017.12.010","volume":"3","author":"DB Pisoni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pisoni DB, Kronenberger WG, Harris MS, Moberly AC (2017) Three challenges for future research on cochlear implants. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 3(4):240\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wjorl.2017.12.010","journal-title":"World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"8195_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E940","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28771","volume":"131","author":"U Hoppe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoppe U, Hocke T, Hast A, Iro H (2021) Cochlear implantation in candidates with moderate-to-severe hearing loss and poor speech perception. Laryngoscope 131(3):E940\u2013E945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.28771","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"8195_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2017.02.008","volume":"348","author":"AE Shearer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shearer AE et al (2017) Genetic variants in the peripheral auditory system significantly affect adult cochlear implant performance. Hear Res 348:138\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2017.02.008","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"8195_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2022.2065027","volume":"142","author":"SY Nishio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nishio SY et al (2022) Etiology of hearing loss affects auditory skill development and vocabulary development in pediatric cochlear implantation cases. Acta Otolaryngol 142(3\u20134):308\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016489.2022.2065027","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"9","key":"8195_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001162","volume":"37","author":"JA Beyea","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beyea JA et al (2016) Cochlear implants in adults: effects of age and duration of deafness on speech recognition. Otol Neurotol 37(9):1238\u20131245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001162","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"8195_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233121652110375","DOI":"10.1177\/23312165211037525","volume":"25","author":"B Goudey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goudey B et al (2021) A multicenter analysis of factors associated with hearing outcome for 2,735 adults with cochlear implants. Trends Hear 25:23312165211037524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23312165211037525","journal-title":"Trends Hear"},{"issue":"10","key":"8195_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e286","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000581","volume":"35","author":"AF Mahmoud","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mahmoud AF, Ruckenstein MJ (2014) Speech perception performance as a function of age at implantation among postlingually deaf adult cochlear implant recipients. Otol Neurotol 35(10):e286\u2013e291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000581","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8195_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000988","volume":"42","author":"F Heutink","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heutink F et al (2021) Factors influencing speech perception in adults with a cochlear implant. Ear Hear 42(4):949\u2013960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000988","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"8195_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/501738","author":"B Vaerenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vaerenberg B et al (2014) Cochlear implant programming: a global survey on the state of the art. Sci World J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/501738","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"8195_CR14","unstructured":"Wolfe J, Schafer EC (2014) Programming cochlear implants. Plural Publishing [Online]. https:\/\/books.google.be\/books?id=WiqDmAEACAAJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"8195_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200002000-00006","volume":"21","author":"PC Loizou","year":"2000","unstructured":"Loizou PC, Dorman M, Fitzke J (2000) The effect of reduced dynamic range on speech understanding: implications for patients with cochlear implants. Ear Hear 21(1):25\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003446-200002000-00006","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"3","key":"8195_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000248","volume":"37","author":"PA Busby","year":"2016","unstructured":"Busby PA, Arora K (2016) Effects of threshold adjustment on speech perception in nucleus cochlear implant recipients. Ear Hear 37(3):303\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000248","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"6","key":"8195_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1159\/000066154","volume":"7","author":"GF Smoorenburg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smoorenburg GF, Willeboer C, Van Dijk JE (2002) Speech perception in nucleus CI24M cochlear implant users with processor settings based on electrically evoked compound action potential thresholds. Audiol Neuro-Otol 7(6):335\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000066154","journal-title":"Audiol Neuro-Otol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"8195_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1515\/JBCPP.2004.15.1-2.57","volume":"15","author":"R Kaplan-Neeman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kaplan-Neeman R et al (2004) Nrt-based versus behavioral-based map: a comparison of parameters and speech perception in young children. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 15(1\u20132):57\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/JBCPP.2004.15.1-2.57","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8195_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31806dc16e","volume":"28","author":"LG Potts","year":"2007","unstructured":"Potts LG, Skinner MW, Gotter BD, Strube MJ, Brenner CA (2007) Relation between neural response telemetry thresholds, T- and C-levels, and loudness judgments in 12 adult nucleus 24 cochlear implant recipients. Ear Hear 28(4):495\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31806dc16e","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"1","key":"8195_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181906c0f","volume":"30","author":"BA Holstad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Holstad BA et al (2009) Relation of electrically evoked compound action potential thresholds to behavioral T- and C-levels in children with cochlear implants. Ear Hear 30(1):115\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181906c0f","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"12","key":"8195_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06572-w","volume":"278","author":"J Wathour","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wathour J, Govaerts PJ, Deggouj N (2021) Variability of fitting parameters across cochlear implant centres. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol 278(12):4671\u20134679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-020-06572-w","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol"},{"key":"8195_CR22","unstructured":"Bosman AJ (1989) Speech perception by the hearing impaired: (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands), Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht [Online]. http:\/\/books.google.nl\/books?id=mUSONAAACAAJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"8195_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000039","volume":"35","author":"B Vaerenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vaerenberg B, Govaerts PJ, Stainsby T, Nopp P, Gault A, Gnansia D (2014) A uniform graphical representation of intensity coding in current-generation cochlear implant systems. Ear Hear 35(5):533\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000039","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"1","key":"8195_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1023\/B:AURO.0000047287.00119.B6","volume":"18","author":"J Porta","year":"2005","unstructured":"Porta J, Verbeek J, Krose B, Porta J, Verbeek J, Kr\u00f6se B (2005) Active appearance-based robot localization using stereo vision. Auton Robots 18(1):59\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:AURO.0000047287.00119.B6","journal-title":"Auton Robots"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"8195_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/52.3-4.591","volume":"52","author":"SS Shapiro","year":"1965","unstructured":"Shapiro SS, Wilk MB (1965) An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 52(3\u20134):591\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biomet\/52.3-4.591","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"8195_CR26","unstructured":"Holm S (1979) A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scand J Stat. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4615733. Accessed 7 Feb 2023"},{"key":"8195_CR27","unstructured":"Gaetano J (2018) Holm-Bonferroni sequential correction: an EXCEL Calculator\u2014Ver. 1.3 [Online]. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/242331583_Holm-Bonferroni_Sequential_Correction_An_EXCEL_Calculator_-_Ver_12"},{"key":"8195_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fritz CO, Morris PE, Richler JJ (2012) Effect size estimates: current use, calculations, and interpretation. J Exp Psychol Gen 141(1):2\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0024338","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024338"},{"issue":"5","key":"8195_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1136\/EMJ.20.5.453","volume":"20","author":"SR Jones","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jones SR, Carley S, Harrison M (2003) An introduction to power and sample size estimation. Emerg Med J 20(5):453\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/EMJ.20.5.453","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"8195_CR30","unstructured":"De Quillettes R, Kaandorp MW, Merkus P, Kramer SE, Smits C (2022) Improving adult Cochlear Implant users\u2019 speech recognition performance in quiet and noise by using predefined fitting parameters. In: Presentation at the HEAL2022 conference"},{"issue":"4","key":"8195_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4204.814","volume":"42","author":"MW Skinner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Skinner MW, Holden LK, Holden TA, Demorest ME (1999) Comparison of two methods for selecting minimum stimulation levels used in programming the nucleus 22 cochlear implant. J Speech Lang Hear Res 42(4):814\u2013828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/jslhr.4204.814","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"8195_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aud.0000245815.07623.db","volume":"27","author":"PJ Boyd","year":"2006","unstructured":"Boyd PJ (2006) Effects of programming threshold and maplaw settings on acoustic thresholds and speech discrimination with the MED-EL COMBI 40+ cochlear implant. Ear Hear 27(6):608\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.aud.0000245815.07623.db","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"8195_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.06.016","volume":"111","author":"SY Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim SY et al (2018) Electrical dynamic range is only weakly associated with auditory performance and speech recognition in long-term users of cochlear implants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 111:170\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.06.016","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"8195_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000814","author":"F De Graaff","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Graaff F et al (2020) Relationship between speech recognition in quiet and noise and fitting parameters, impedances and ECAP thresholds in adult cochlear implant users. Ear Hear. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000814","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"1","key":"8195_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/14670100.2020.1822495","volume":"22","author":"KVC Martins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martins KVC, Goffi-Gomez MVS (2021) The influence of stimulation levels on auditory thresholds and speech recognition in adult cochlear implant users. Cochlear Implants Int 22(1):42\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14670100.2020.1822495","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"8195_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2015.1128124","volume":"55","author":"S Zirn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zirn S, Polterauer D, Keller S, Hemmert W (2016) The effect of fluctuating maskers on speech understanding of high-performing cochlear implant users. Int J Audiol 55(5):295\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14992027.2015.1128124","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"8195_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wakefield GH, Parkinson WS, Lineaweaver S, van den Honert C (2004) Recipient-directed design of speech processor MAPs. In: International congress series, vol 1273, no C, pp 178\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ics.2004.09.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ics.2004.09.003"},{"issue":"4 SUPPL.","key":"8195_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57S","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200508001-00008","volume":"26","author":"GH Wakefield","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wakefield GH, Van Den Honert C, Parkinson W, Lineaweaver S (2005) Genetic algorithms for adaptive psychophysical procedures: recipient-directed design of speech-processor MAPs. Ear Hear 26(4 SUPPL.):57S-72S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003446-200508001-00008","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"3","key":"8195_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e318047935e","volume":"28","author":"D Ba\u015fkent","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ba\u015fkent D, Eiler CL, Edwards B (2007) Using genetic algorithms with subjective input from human subjects: implications for fitting hearing aids and cochlear implants. Ear Hear 28(3):370\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0b013e318047935e","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"4","key":"8195_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s10710-007-9048-4","volume":"8","author":"P Legrand","year":"2007","unstructured":"Legrand P et al (2007) Interactive evolution for cochlear implants fitting. Genet Program Evolvable Mach 8(4):319\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10710-007-9048-4","journal-title":"Genet Program Evolvable Mach"},{"key":"8195_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Torresen J, Iversen AH, Greisiger R (2017) Data from past patients used to streamline adjustment of levels for cochlear implant for new patients. In: 2016 IEEE symposium series on computational intelligence, SSCI 2016.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SSCI.2016.7850063","DOI":"10.1109\/SSCI.2016.7850063"},{"issue":"6","key":"8195_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181dd160b","volume":"31","author":"PJ Govaerts","year":"2010","unstructured":"Govaerts PJ, Vaerenberg B, De Ceulaer G, Daemers K, De Beukelaer C, Schauwers K (2010) Development of a software tool using deterministic logic for the optimization of cochlear implant processor programming. Otol Neurotol 31(6):908\u2013918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181dd160b","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8195_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2010.531294","volume":"50","author":"B Vaerenberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vaerenberg B, Govaerts PJ, De Ceulaer G, Daemers K, Schauwers K (2010) Experiences of the use of FOX, an intelligent agent, for programming cochlear implant sound processors in new users. Int J Audiol 50(1):50\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/14992027.2010.531294","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"8195_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/646590","author":"B Vaerenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vaerenberg B, De Ceulaer G, Szl\u00e1vik Z, Mancini P, Buechner A, Govaerts PJ (2014) Setting and reaching targets with computer-assisted cochlear implant fitting. Sci World J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/646590","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"issue":"4","key":"8195_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/14670100.2017.1325093","volume":"18","author":"M Meeuws","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meeuws M, Pascoal D, Bermejo I, Artaso M, De Ceulaer G, Govaerts PJ (2017) Computer-assisted CI fitting: is the learning capacity of the intelligent agent FOX beneficial for speech understanding? Cochlear Implants Int 18(4):198\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14670100.2017.1325093","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08195-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08195-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08195-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T09:04:34Z","timestamp":1707469474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08195-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["8195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08195-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Enrico Migliorini, Bas van Dijk and Birgit Philips are employed by Cochlear Limited.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Employment"}},{"value":"The study was carried on in conformity with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki, the EU GDPR and all applicable guidelines for the Kingdom of the Netherlands and Radboud university medical center. As the study was a retrospective on anonymous data, no approval from the ethics commission was needed.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"As the data were in anonymous form, no explicit consent was required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}