{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T19:22:13Z","timestamp":1770492133981,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007653","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Jena","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Chronic flaccid paralysis of the facial nerve leads to permanent dysfunction of eye closure, problems with drinking and eating, and lack of emotional expression. Modern facial surgery can help those affected. An analysis of the development of facial surgery in Germany over time is presented.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Nation-wide population-baes diagnosis-related case group (DRG) data of virtually all inpatients who underwent facial surgery for facial palsy between 2005 and 2019 were included. Binomial regression models for changes in surgery rates over time were calculated in relation to gender and treating specialty.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Between 2005 and 2019, there were 28,622 inpatient stays for facial surgery. Most surgeries were provided by otolaryngology (39%) and ophthalmology or dentistry, oral and maxillofacial surgery (20% each). The mean treatment rate was 2.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.53 surgeries per 100,000 person-years. The surgery rate was highest for nerve reconstruction surgery (0.46\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15) and static sling surgery (0.44\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0.16). The greatest increase was seen in men for nerve surgery (3.9-fold; relative risk [RR]\u2009=\u20093.68; confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20093.18\u20134.26) and sling surgery (5.0-fold; RR\u2009=\u20094.25; CI\u2009=\u20093.38\u20135.33).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>While nerve and sling surgery increased significantly over time, this was less true or not true at all for surgical techniques. Surgical rates and their change over time were greater in men, without explanation from the data.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-08259-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T07:02:49Z","timestamp":1695798169000},"page":"451-459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Surgery for patients with facial palsy in Germany: a diagnosis-related-groups-based nationwide analysis, 2005\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"Susanna","family":"Seeberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schlattmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9671-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Guntinas-Lichius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"8259_CR1","first-page":"692","volume":"116","author":"JG Heckmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heckmann JG, Urban PP, Pitz S, Guntinas-Lichius O, Gagyor I (2019) The diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic facial paresis (Bell\u2019s Palsy). 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