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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of topical hyaluronic acid with or without diclofenac on the inflammatory phase of vocal fold wound healing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Forty-one male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: an uninjured control group, an injured control group without any treatment, and two intervention groups in which hyaluronic acid with or without diclofenac was applied to the injured vocal fold. Gene expression of inflammatory markers and ECM-related molecules were examined.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Vocal fold injury resulted in a significant upregulation of inflammatory parameters [<jats:italic>Ptgs2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Il1b<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Il10<\/jats:italic>] and <jats:italic>Has1<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Tgfb1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Has3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Eln<\/jats:italic> gene expression were significantly downregulated by the topical application of hyaluronic acid. The combination of hyaluronic acid and diclofenac did not result in any significant changes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Vocal fold wound healing was significantly improved by a single post-operative topical application of hyaluronic acid. The addition of diclofenac may provide no additional benefit.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-08278-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T13:02:21Z","timestamp":1697115741000},"page":"301-310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the anti-inflammatory potential of topical hyaluronic acid for vocal fold injury in a rat model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"281","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8132-0855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Hortobagyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Grossmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrijana","family":"Kirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Roblegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Gugatschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"8278_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E177","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28148","volume":"130","author":"MR Naunheim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naunheim MR, Goldberg L, Dai JB, Rubinstein BJ, Courey MS (2020) Measuring the impact of dysphonia on quality of life using health state preferences. 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