{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:10:32Z","timestamp":1792782632188,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]],"date-time":"2024-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]],"date-time":"2024-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinik M\u00fcnchen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this retrospective study is to compare the results of electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) measurements using automatic auditory response telemetry (AutoART) with those obtained by ART in adults. The study also aimed to evaluate the predictive value of intraoperative ART and AutoART ECAPs for speech intelligibility (SI) and hearing success (HS), and to determine if cochlear nerve (CN) cross-sectional area (CSA) obtained preoperatively by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans could predict ART and AutoART ECAPs and SI and HS outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study analyzed and correlated ART and AutoART ECAP thresholds at electrodes E2, E6, and E10, as well as averaged ECAP thresholds over electrodes E1\u2013E12, using data from 32 implants. Correlations were also examined for ART and AutoART ECAP slopes. In addition, averaged ART and AutoART ECAP thresholds and slopes over all 12 electrodes for each participant were correlated with CN CSA measured from MRI sequences. SI of the monosyllabic Freiburg Speech Test at 65 dB sound pressure level was examined along with averaged ART and AutoART thresholds and slopes over all 12 electrodes. A parallel analysis was performed for HS, derived from the difference between baseline and 6-month SI. Finally, correlations between CN CSA and SI, as well as CN CSA and HS were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the study showed a significant positive correlation between ART and AutoART ECAP thresholds and as well as slopes for E2, E6, E10 and averaged thresholds and slopes of E1\u2013E12. However, no significant correlation was observed between ART and AutoART averaged ECAP thresholds and slopes and either SI and HS or CN CSA. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between CN CSA and SI and HS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While AutoART is a reliable and safe program for measuring ECAPs in adults, the study found no preoperative prognostic information on intraoperative ECAP results using parameters extracted from current MRI sequences or pre-\/intraoperative information on subsequent hearing outcome using ECAP and CN CSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-08444-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]],"date-time":"2024-01-14T05:01:36Z","timestamp":1705208496000},"page":"3461-3473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["ART and AutoART ECAP measurements and cochlear nerve anatomy as predictors in adult cochlear implant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"Leonhard","family":"Schrank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7705-0848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Nachtig\u00e4ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John-Martin","family":"Hempel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Canis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6187-0195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Spiegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7250-2833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Rader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"8444_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"(2013) World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA 310:2191\u20132194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"8444_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1121\/1.388872","volume":"73","author":"RC de Sauvage","year":"1983","unstructured":"de Sauvage RC, Cazals Y, Erre JP et al (1983) Acoustically derived auditory nerve action potential evoked by electrical stimulation: an estimation of the waveform of single unit contribution. J Acoust Soc Am 73:616\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.388872","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"8444_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1121\/1.399716","volume":"88","author":"CJ Brown","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brown CJ, Abbas PJ, Gantz B (1990) Electrically evoked whole-nerve action potentials: data from human cochlear implant users. J Acoust Soc Am 88:1385\u20131391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.399716","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"8444_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00339","volume":"11","author":"S He","year":"2017","unstructured":"He S, Teagle HFB, Buchman CA (2017) The electrically evoked compound action potential: from laboratory to clinic. Front Neurosci 11:339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2017.00339","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"8444_CR5","unstructured":"Zierhofer CM (2003) Multichannel cochlear implant with neural response telemetry (US 6,600,955 B1)"},{"key":"8444_CR6","unstructured":"Strahl S, Dierker A, Spitzer P et al (eds) (2018) AutoART\u2014a system for automatic determination of eCAP thresholds"},{"key":"8444_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2021.1928302","volume":"61","author":"P Estienne","year":"2022","unstructured":"Estienne P, Scaglia A, Kontides A et al (2022) Comparison of automated and traditional ECAP recording approaches in clinical practice. Int J Audiol 61:583\u2013591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14992027.2021.1928302","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"8444_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000004040","author":"L Schrank","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schrank L, Nachtig\u00e4ller P, M\u00fcller J et al (2023) Comparison of two measurement paradigms to determine electrically evoked cochlear nerve responses and their correlation to cochlear nerve cross-section in infants and young children with cochlear implants. Otol Neurotol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000004040","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"8444_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-016-0557-9","volume":"17","author":"L DeVries","year":"2016","unstructured":"DeVries L, Scheperle R, Bierer JA (2016) Assessing the electrode-neuron interface with the electrically evoked compound action potential, electrode position, and behavioral thresholds. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 17:237\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10162-016-0557-9","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"key":"8444_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181ec1d92","volume":"31","author":"J-R Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim J-R, Abbas PJ, Brown CJ et al (2010) The relationship between electrically evoked compound action potential and speech perception: a study in cochlear implant users with short electrode array. Otol Neurotol 31:1041\u20131048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181ec1d92","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"8444_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1159\/000504592","volume":"24","author":"P Videhult Pierre","year":"2019","unstructured":"Videhult Pierre P, Ekl\u00f6f M, Smeds H et al (2019) Cochlear implantation with the CI512 and CI532 precurved electrode arrays: one-year speech recognition and intraoperative thresholds of electrically evoked compound action potentials. Audiol Neurootol 24:299\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000504592","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"key":"8444_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200108000-00004","volume":"22","author":"KH Franck","year":"2001","unstructured":"Franck KH, Norton SJ, Franck KH et al (2001) Estimation of psychophysical levels using the electrically evoked compound action potential measured with the neural response telemetry capabilities of Cochlear Corporation\u2019s CI24M device. Ear Hear 22:289\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003446-200108000-00004","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"8444_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1477875","volume":"3","author":"C Turner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Turner C, Mehr M, Hughes M et al (2002) Within-subject predictors of speech recognition in cochlear implants: a null result. Acoust Res Lett Online 3:95\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/1.1477875","journal-title":"Acoust Res Lett Online"},{"key":"8444_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181ec1b8c","volume":"31","author":"MK Cosetti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cosetti MK, Shapiro WH, Green JE et al (2010) Intraoperative neural response telemetry as a predictor of performance. Otol Neurotol 31:1095\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181ec1b8c","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"8444_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26154","volume":"127","author":"RHM van Eijl","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Eijl RHM, Buitenhuis PJ, Stegeman I et al (2017) Systematic review of compound action potentials as predictors for cochlear implant performance. Laryngoscope 127:476\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.26154","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"8444_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940211100505","volume":"111","author":"N Dillier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dillier N, Lai WK, Almqvist B et al (2002) Measurement of the electrically evoked compound action potential via a neural response telemetry system. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 111:407\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348940211100505","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"8444_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2006.06.003","volume":"40","author":"A Botros","year":"2007","unstructured":"Botros A, van Dijk B, Killian M (2007) AutoNRT: an automated system that measures ECAP thresholds with the Nucleus Freedom cochlear implant via machine intelligence. Artif Intell Med 40:15\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.artmed.2006.06.003","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"key":"8444_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31806dc1d1","volume":"28","author":"B van Dijk","year":"2007","unstructured":"van Dijk B, Botros AM, Battmer R-D et al (2007) Clinical results of AutoNRT\u2122 a completely automatic ECAP recording system for cochlear implants. Ear Hear 28:558\u2013570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31806dc1d1","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"8444_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259347","volume":"16","author":"L G\u00e4rtner","year":"2021","unstructured":"G\u00e4rtner L, Spitzer P, Lauss K et al (2021) Optimized SNR-based ECAP threshold determination is comparable to the judgement of human evaluators. PLoS ONE 16:e0259347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0259347","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8444_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200008000-00003","volume":"21","author":"CA Miller","year":"2000","unstructured":"Miller CA, Abbas PJ, Brown CJ (2000) An improved method of reducing stimulus artifact in the electrically evoked whole-nerve potential. Ear Hear 21:280\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003446-200008000-00003","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"8444_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949210101205","volume":"101","author":"JB Nadol","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nadol JB, Xu WZ (1992) Diameter of the cochlear nerve in deaf humans: implications for cochlear implantation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 101:988\u2013993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348949210101205","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"8444_CR22","first-page":"S11","volume":"18","author":"P Blamey","year":"1997","unstructured":"Blamey P (1997) Are spiral ganglion cell numbers important for speech perception with a cochlear implant? Am J Otol 18:S11\u2013S12","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"8444_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000161335.62139.80","volume":"115","author":"AM Khan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Khan AM, Handzel O, Burgess BJ et al (2005) Is word recognition correlated with the number of surviving spiral ganglion cells and electrode insertion depth in human subjects with cochlear implants? Laryngoscope 115:672\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mlg.0000161335.62139.80","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"8444_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2011.647361","volume":"132","author":"HX Xu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xu HX, Kim GH, Snissarenko EP et al (2012) Multi-channel cochlear implant histopathology: are fewer spiral ganglion cells really related to better clinical performance? Acta Otolaryngol 132:482\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016489.2011.647361","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"8444_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1159\/000013899","volume":"5","author":"WK Lai","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lai WK, Dillier N (2000) A simple two-component model of the electrically evoked compound action potential in the human cochlea. Audiol Neurotol 5:333\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000013899","journal-title":"Audiol Neurotol"},{"key":"8444_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06889-0","volume":"279","author":"JL Spiegel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spiegel JL, Polterauer D, Hempel J-M et al (2022) Variation of the cochlear anatomy and cochlea duct length: analysis with a new tablet-based software. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 279:1851\u20131861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-021-06889-0","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"8444_CR27","first-page":"635","volume":"23","author":"CM Glastonbury","year":"2002","unstructured":"Glastonbury CM, Davidson HC, Harnsberger HR et al (2002) Imaging findings of cochlear nerve deficiency. Am J Neuroradiol 23:635\u2013643","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"8444_CR28","first-page":"1155","volume":"19","author":"H-S Kim","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kim H-S, Kim D-I, Chung I-H et al (1998) Topographical relationship of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves in the subarachnoid space and internal auditory canal. Am J Neuroradiol 19:1155\u20131161","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"8444_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02105664","volume":"162","author":"K-H Hahlbrock","year":"1953","unstructured":"Hahlbrock K-H (1953) \u00dcber Sprachaudiometrie und neue W\u00f6rterteste. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 162:394\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02105664","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"8444_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen J (2013) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"8444_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-8-40","volume":"8","author":"S Brill","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brill S, M\u00fcller J, Hagen R et al (2009) Site of cochlear stimulation and its effect on electrically evoked compound action potentials using the MED-EL standard electrode array. Biomed Eng Online 8:40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-925X-8-40","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"key":"8444_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1179\/1754762813Y.0000000039","volume":"15","author":"A Nehm\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nehm\u00e9 A, El Zir E, Moukarzel N et al (2014) Measures of the electrically evoked compound action potential threshold and slope in HiRes 90K(TM) users. Cochlear Implants Int 15:53\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/1754762813Y.0000000039","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int"},{"key":"8444_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.07.010","volume":"330","author":"BE Pfingst","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pfingst BE, Hughes AP, Colesa DJ et al (2015) Insertion trauma and recovery of function after cochlear implantation: evidence from objective functional measures. Hear Res 330:98\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2015.07.010","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"8444_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life11030203","author":"L G\u00e4rtner","year":"2021","unstructured":"G\u00e4rtner L, Kl\u00f6tzer K, Lenarz T et al (2021) Correlation of electrically evoked compound action potential amplitude growth function slope and anamnestic parameters in cochlear implant patients-identification of predictors for the neuronal health status. Life (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life11030203","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"8444_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/14670100.2020.1853956","volume":"22","author":"OC Dziemba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dziemba OC, Aristeidou A, Brill S (2021) Slope of electrically evoked compound action potential amplitude growth function is site-dependent. Cochlear Implants Int 22:136\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14670100.2020.1853956","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int"},{"key":"8444_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3182741aa7","volume":"34","author":"LK Holden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holden LK, Finley CC, Firszt JB et al (2013) Factors affecting open-set word recognition in adults with cochlear implants. Ear Hear 34:342\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3182741aa7","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"8444_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160870","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20160870","volume":"90","author":"NNN Naguib","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naguib NNN, Hey C, Shaaban MS et al (2017) Assessment of the cochlear nerve to facial nerve size ratio using MR multiplanar reconstruction of the internal auditory canal in patients presenting with acquired long-standing hearing loss. Br J Radiol 90:20160870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20160870","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"8444_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000227176.09500.28","volume":"116","author":"JN Fayad","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fayad JN, Linthicum FH (2006) Multichannel cochlear implants: relation of histopathology to performance. Laryngoscope 116:1310\u20131320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mlg.0000227176.09500.28","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"8444_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111000914","volume":"110","author":"JB Nadol","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nadol JB, Shiao JY, Burgess BJ et al (2001) Histopathology of cochlear implants in humans. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 110:883\u2013891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348940111000914","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"8444_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000443","volume":"35","author":"M Seyyedi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seyyedi M, Viana LM, Nadol JB (2014) Within-subject comparison of word recognition and spiral ganglion cell count in bilateral cochlear implant recipients. Otol Neurotol 35:1446\u20131450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000443","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08444-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08444-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08444-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T15:20:53Z","timestamp":1719501653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08444-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["8444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08444-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"JLS and TR received travel expenses to conferences from MED-EL GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria and Cochlear Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG. The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript. No funding was received for conducting this study. No funds, grants, or other support was received. The authors are solely responsible for the content and writing of the article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Studies involving human participants in this research adhered to the ethical standards as set out by the Institutional Review Board and the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and its subsequent amendments, or equivalent ethical standards [\n                      \n                      ]. The Institutional Review Board of the University Hospital of the LMU Munich approved the retrospective data analysis on June 10, 2021 (reference number 21-0511). Due to retrospective nature of the study, informed consent was not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}}]}}