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The cases were identified in the National Patient Register and 21,235 controls matched by age, sex and place of residency were included from national population registers. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the association between six types of mucosa-affecting diseases of the upper airways and cholesteatoma surgery.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Chronic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis were more common in cholesteatoma patients than in controls (OR 1.5 to 2.5) as were both adenoid and tonsil surgery (OR &gt;\u20094) where the strongest association was seen for adenoid surgery. No association was seen between allergic rhinitis and cholesteatoma.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study supports an association between mucosa-affecting diseases of the upper airways and cholesteatoma. Future studies should aim to investigate the mechanisms connecting mucosa-affecting diseases of the upper airways and cholesteatoma formation regarding genetic, anatomical, inflammatory and mucosa properties.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-024-08567-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T10:02:25Z","timestamp":1711101745000},"page":"4081-4087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Occurrence of mucosa-affecting diseases of the upper airways in middle ear cholesteatoma patients: a nationwide case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"281","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2304-5458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes","family":"Mod\u00e9e Borgstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Mogensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Engm\u00e9r Berglin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Knutsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Bonnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"8567_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-415847-4.00101-4","volume-title":"Mucosal immunology","author":"HM Massa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Massa HM, Lim DJ, Kurono Y, Cripps AW (2015) Middle ear and Eustachian tube mucosal immunology. 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