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Data were analysed by the standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 10 studies were selected including 468 patients, 177 of whom received OKS. There were no significant differences in scores on the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) (SMD\u2009=\u20090.02; 95% CI \u2212\u00a00.18 to 0.23; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.83) or the visual analogue scale (VAS) for vertigo (SMD\u2009=\u20090.16; 95% CI \u2212\u00a01.25 to 1.58; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.82). However, there were statistically significant differences in the timed up and go (TUG) test, with a large effect (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a01.13; 95% CI -2 to \u2212\u00a00.28; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009), and in the sensory organization test (SOT), with a medium effect (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a00.7; 95% CI \u2212\u00a01.21 to \u2212\u00a00.19; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007). Subgroup analysis showed significant effects of OKS on VAS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017), TUG (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009) and SOT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) only in patients with balance disorders without vestibular disease (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>OKS may improve dizziness intensity measured with VAS or dynamic balance measured whit TUG and SOT in patients with balance disorders not due to vestibular disease. The quality of the evidence was low or very low due to the small number of included studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>PROSPERO Registry number<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CRD42023445024.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-024-08604-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T11:01:53Z","timestamp":1712314913000},"page":"4473-4484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optokinetic stimulation for the treatment of vestibular and balance disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"Esteban","family":"Obrero-Gait\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Sede\u00f1o-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Peinado-Rubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Cort\u00e9s-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9103-9696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso Javier","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Lomas-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"8604_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-130498","volume":"23","author":"Y Agrawal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Agrawal Y, Ward BK, Minor LB (2013) Vestibular dysfunction: prevalence, impact and need for targeted treatment. 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