{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:37:03Z","timestamp":1776274623657,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005003","name":"Baskent \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KA23\/25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KA23\/25"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005003","name":"Baskent University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study aimed to compare daily and total recreational music exposure levels and extended-spectrum audiogram results in young adults without pre-existing hearing problems.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study included healthy volunteers aged 18\u201325 with no known ear disease or hearing loss. Participants completed a questionnaire, underwent otoscopic and tympanometric examinations, and determined preferred music volumes in an audiometry booth using calibrated music samples of their preferred genres. Hearing thresholds up to 16\u00a0kiloHertz (kHz) were measured. Daily music exposure for each participant was normalized to 8\u00a0h to calculate a time-weighted average of 8\u00a0h (TWA8). Total exposure (TE) was calculated by multiplying TWA8 by the number of years of music listening.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 32.4% of participants had TWA8s above 65\u00a0dB. Their hearing thresholds at 125, 250, 500, and 16,000\u00a0Hz and the average of 125\u00a0Hz\u20138\u00a0kHz were significantly higher. Participants with TWA8s above 65\u00a0dB were also more prone to speaking loudly and experiencing communication difficulties on the phone. Those with a TE of more than 400 experienced significantly more speech discrimination difficulty in noisy environments and temporary hearing loss\/tinnitus after exposure to loud music. Participants with a TE above 700 had worse thresholds at 4, 14, and 16\u00a0kHz frequencies, as well as 125\u20138000\u00a0Hz and 500\u20134000\u00a0Hz averages compared to those with a TE below 700.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study provides evidence that recreational music with much lower exposure levels than the universally accepted TWA8 of 85\u00a0dB could negatively impact hearing in healthy young adults. Therefore, maintaining a maximum TWA8 of 65\u00a0dB is recommended.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-024-08666-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T15:02:10Z","timestamp":1715612530000},"page":"4373-4378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Recreational music exposure and hearing health in young adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"281","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9252-0462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Onur","family":"Ergun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1548-4314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eda","family":"Cakmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6108-7029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asuman","family":"Alniacik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"8666_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2021.01.001","volume":"15","author":"H-J Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee H-J, Jeong IS (2021) Personal listening device use habits, listening belief, and perceived change in hearing among adolescents. 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Singap Med J 55:72\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11622\/smedj.2014018","journal-title":"Singap Med J"},{"key":"8666_CR4","unstructured":"(1998) Criteria for a recommended standard, Occupational noise exposure, revised criteria 1998. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Cincinnati, Ohio June 1998"},{"key":"8666_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4236","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084236","volume":"18","author":"M Pienkowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pienkowski M (2021) Loud music and leisure noise is a common cause of chronic hearing loss, tinnitus and hyperacusis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:4236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18084236","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"8666_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.103113","volume":"73","author":"AS AlQahtani","year":"2021","unstructured":"AlQahtani AS, Alshammari AN, Khalifah EM et al (2021) Awareness about the relation of noise induced hearing loss and use of headphones at Hail region. Ann Med Surg 73:103113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.103113","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"8666_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2147\/AHMT.S74103","volume":"7","author":"CD Portnuff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Portnuff CD (2016) Reducing the risk of music-induced hearing loss from overuse of portable listening devices: understanding the problems and establishing strategies for improving awareness in adolescents. 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All participants were included after giving informed consent. The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}}]}}