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Laser lithotripsy (LL) and pneumatic lithotripsy (PL) are the only two methods currently approved, the latter being no longer available. Electrokinetic lithotripsy (EKL) is a promising alternative used for the treatment of ureteral stones. The aim of this study is to compare efficacy and therapeutical safety of EKL with LL and PL.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>StoneBreaker<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (PL), Lithotron EL 27 Compact (EKL) and Ho:YAG laser Auriga (LL) were assessed using in vitro setups with human salivary stones, casted and tumbled stones. Efficacy was measured by the number of impulses and time taken until fragmentation. Parameters for therapeutical safety were number of impulses until perforation, propulsion, duct widening, number of tears and tear length.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Efficacy of EKL was higher than LL but lower than PL. The fragmentation of casted stones took 01:50\u2009\u00b1\u200900:28\u00a0min with PL, 02:49\u2009\u00b1\u200900:37\u00a0min with EKL and 05:12\u2009\u00b1\u200900:58\u00a0min with LL (Mann\u2013Whitney-U test p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). LL caused the lowest propulsion (0.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090\u00a0cm, n\u2009=\u200920); the highest propulsion was observed for PL (3.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u00a0cm, n\u2009=\u200920). In the gelatin setup, LL induced the most extensive damage (damage index: 5.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9, n\u2009=\u200915). LL was the fastest to cause perforation in the parotid duct (1\u2009\u00b1\u20090 impulses until perforation, n\u2009=\u200910).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Efficacy and safety of EKL are between those of LL and PL. Therefore, clinical testing of EKL seems to be justified.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-025-09268-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T10:56:49Z","timestamp":1741345009000},"page":"3233-3244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intracorporeal lithotripsy of salivary stones: in vitro comparison of different methods"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"282","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2307-6304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathrin","family":"Schulze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kruthika","family":"Thangavelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Gehrt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Schatton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Keil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Heers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nermin H.","family":"Abozenah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boris A.","family":"Stuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urban","family":"Geisthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"9268_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4800141","volume":"186","author":"MP Escudier","year":"1999","unstructured":"Escudier MP, McGurk M (1999) Symptomatic sialoadenitis and sialolithiasis in the English population, an estimate of the cost of hospital treatment. 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Performed courses on treatments of salivary glands stones where he was temporarily provided equipment for free by Karl Storz GmbH and Bess Medical. All other authors declared to have no conflict of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}