{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:08:46Z","timestamp":1793383726085,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020043","name":"Yeditepe University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020043","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Bilateral sudden hearing loss (BSHL) is a rare otologic emergency, representing 1\u20132% of all sudden hearing loss cases. Autoimmune processes are considered one of the key contributors to BSHL, with immune responses targeting inner ear structures. The aim of our study is to identify the role of autoimmune and inflammatory markers in patients with BSHL and assess their prognostic significance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This retrospective study reviewed 30 BSHL patients out of 420 sudden hearing loss cases. Data including audiometric results, medical histories, autoimmune and inflammatory markers (ANA, RF, ESR, CRP, ACA, ANCA), and autoimmune diseases such as Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Hypothyroidism (HT), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) were analyzed. Audiometric recovery was assessed using Siegel\u2019s criteria, and the presence of autoimmune markers was evaluated for their impact on clinical outcomes and recovery.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Autoimmune markers were detected in 60% of the patients with BSHL, with elevated levels of ANA, RF, ESR, and CRP observed most frequently. Patients who tested positive for autoimmune markers demonstrated significantly lower recovery rates compared to those without marker positivity. Specifically, 13% of patients with positive markers showed partial hearing recovery, while 100% of patients without markers exhibited partial recovery. The average hearing improvement across all frequencies was around 21.5 dB. These results suggest that autoimmune marker positivity is associated with poorer clinical outcomes and lower recovery rates following standard corticosteroid treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our study demonstrates that autoimmune and inflammatory markers play a significant role in the prognosis of BSHL. Patients with positive autoimmune markers exhibit poorer recovery rates, indicating the potential importance of these markers in predicting treatment outcomes for BSHL.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-025-09414-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T16:08:02Z","timestamp":1745597282000},"page":"4637-4644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of autoimmune and inflammatory markers in bilateral sudden hearing loss"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"282","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9398-4261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aynur","family":"Aliyeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4618-6341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elif","family":"Sari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"9414_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chandrasekhar SS, Do T, Schwartz BS, Bontempo SR, Faucett LJ, Finestone EA, Hollingsworth SA, Kelley DB, Kmucha DM, Moonis ST, Poling G, Roberts GL, Stachler JK, Zeitler RJ, Corrigan DM, Nnacheta MD, L. C., Satterfield L (2019) Clinical Practice Guideline: Sudden Hearing Loss (Update). Otolaryngology\u2013head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 161(1_suppl), S1\u2013S45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599819859885","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819859885"},{"issue":"9","key":"9414_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31404","volume":"134","author":"AM Bhat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bhat AM, Nanu DP, Nguyen SA, Meyer TA, Labadie RF (2024) Prognosis of bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Laryngoscope 134(9):3883\u20133891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.31404","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"9414_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179579","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1179579","volume":"14","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Y, Xiong W, Sun X, Duan F, Lu K, Wang H, Wang M (2023) Characteristics and prognostic analysis of simultaneous bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Front Neurol 14:1179579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1179579","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"9414_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7691473","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7691473","volume":"2018","author":"G Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li G, You D, Ma J, Li W, Li H, Sun S (2018) The role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Neural Plast 2018:7691473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7691473","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"issue":"11","key":"9414_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2018.03.012","volume":"81","author":"YF Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng YF, Chu YC, Tu TY, Shiao AS, Wu SL, Liao WH (2018) Modified Siegel\u2019s criteria for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: reporting recovery outcomes with matched pretreatment hearing grades. J Chin Med Association: JCMA 81(11):1008\u20131012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcma.2018.03.012","journal-title":"J Chin Med Association: JCMA"},{"key":"9414_CR6","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021b), April 1 Deafness and hearing loss [Fact sheet]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/deafness-and-hearing-loss"},{"issue":"2","key":"9414_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2023.104170","volume":"45","author":"A Aliyeva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aliyeva A, Edizer DT (2024) Efficacy of intratympanic steroid therapy for severe and profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Am J Otolaryngol 45(2):104170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjoto.2023.104170","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"9414_CR8","unstructured":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (n.d.). Hearing Loss in Adults (Practice Portal). 10, 05, 2024, from \/Practice-Portal\/Clinical-Topics\/Hearing-Loss\/. https:\/\/www.asha.org\/practice-portal\/clinical-topics\/hearing-loss\/#collapse_0"},{"issue":"5","key":"9414_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket009","volume":"52","author":"T Mijovic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mijovic T, Zeitouni A, Colmegna I (2013) Autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss: the otology-rheumatology interface. Rheumatology (Oxford) 52(5):780\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket009","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9414_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-5728(03)00077-8","volume":"138","author":"CA Solares","year":"2003","unstructured":"Solares CA, Hughes GB, Tuohy VK (2003) Autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss: an Immunologic perspective. J Neuroimmunol 138(1\u20132):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0165-5728(03)00077-8","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"9414_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aliyeva A, Han JS, Kim Y, Lim JH, Seo JH, Park SN (2024) Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor of tinnitus: an epidemiological study. The annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 133(7):647\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00034894241242330","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894241242330"},{"key":"9414_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sari E, Tokat T, Aliyeva A, Karadag M, Eren F, Catli T, Olgun L (2023) Assessment of vitamin D levels in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Annals of Medical Research, 30(5), 538\u2013544. Retrieved from https:\/\/annalsmedres.org\/index.php\/aomr\/article\/view\/4422","DOI":"10.5455\/annalsmedres.2022.07.206"},{"issue":"3","key":"9414_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1258\/002221503321192548","volume":"117","author":"J Mathews","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mathews J, Rao S, Kumar BN (2003) Autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss: is it still a clinical diagnosis? J Laryngol Otol 117(3):212\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/002221503321192548","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9414_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930500499599","volume":"39","author":"D Yehudai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yehudai D, Shoenfeld Y, Toubi E (2006) The autoimmune characteristics of progressive or sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Autoimmunity 39(2):153\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08916930500499599","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"issue":"11","key":"9414_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940211101107","volume":"111","author":"JR Berrocal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berrocal JR, Ram\u00edrez-Camacho R (2002) Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: supporting the Immunologic theory. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 111(11):989\u2013997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348940211101107","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"9414_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111255","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1111255","volume":"14","author":"T Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou T, Chen M, Yuan Z, Xia Z, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Chen H, Lin R (2023) Inflammatory markers and the risk of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Neurol 14:1111255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1111255","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"24","key":"9414_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9310","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249310","volume":"17","author":"HG Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi HG, Park B, Hong SM, Park IS, Kim SK (2020) Psoriasis increases the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A longitudinal follow up study using a National sample cohort. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(24):9310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17249310","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2 Suppl 2","key":"9414_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.041","volume":"125","author":"C Castro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Castro C, Gourley M (2010) Diagnostic testing and interpretation of tests for autoimmunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 125(2 Suppl 2):S238\u2013S247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.09.041","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9414_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11010042","volume":"11","author":"NA Gomaa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gomaa NA, Jimoh Z, Campbell S, Zenke JK, Szczepek AJ (2020) Biomarkers for inner ear disorders: scoping review on the role of biomarkers in hearing and balance disorders. Diagnostics (Basel Switzerland) 11(1):42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics11010042","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel Switzerland)"},{"issue":"1","key":"9414_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.05.015","volume":"136","author":"JH Oh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oh JH, Park K, Lee SJ, Shin YR, Choung YH (2007) Bilateral versus unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Otolaryngology\u2013head Neck Surgery: Official J Am Acad Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surg 136(1):87\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.05.015","journal-title":"Otolaryngology\u2013head Neck Surgery: Official J Am Acad Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-025-09414-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-025-09414-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-025-09414-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T20:05:11Z","timestamp":1757534711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-025-09414-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-025-09414-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was designed at the Istanbul Aydin University VM Medical Park Florya Hospital. The Istanbul Aydin University clinical research ethics committee approved it (approval N\u2009=\u2009126\/2024 and date 11\/12\/2024).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All the participants provided written informed consent to participate in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}