{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T19:28:19Z","timestamp":1764962899602,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003509","name":"\u00d6rebro University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate differences in stapes surgery outcome when using different calculation methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Audiometric data were retrieved from the Swedish Quality Register for Otosclerosis Surgery for 3159 surgeries conducted during 2013\u20132024 with complete pre- and postoperative pure tone audiometry measurements of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4\u00a0kHz. Outcomes were calculated in two ways: using 3\u00a0kHz versus 4\u00a0kHz in four-frequency averaging of air conduction, bone conduction, air\u2013bone gap, and gain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative air\u2013bone gap improved from 10.0\u00a0dB to 7.6\u00a0dB when using 3\u00a0kHz instead of 4\u00a0kHz, and the proportion of successful cases (defined as a postoperative air\u2013bone gap\u2009\u2264\u200910\u00a0dB) increased from 62.9% to 79.0%. When 3\u00a0kHz was replaced by averaging 2 and 4\u00a0kHz, a significantly larger four-frequency air\u2013bone gap was seen in comparison to using the measured 3\u00a0kHz.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study showed a significant impact on postoperative four-frequency air\u2013bone gap depending on whether the frequency 3\u00a0kHz or 4\u00a0kHz was included in averaging. The effect appears to be larger than previously described. Bone conduction measurements at 4\u00a0kHz produced an anomalous and too low measured hearing level, resulting in a disproportionate impact of the 4\u00a0kHz frequency on postoperative four-frequency air\u2013bone gap. Comparison of study results that use different calculation methods should therefore be done with caution. We advocate using the methods recommended by the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium of the American Academy of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery for uniformity in presentation of results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-025-09567-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T12:03:52Z","timestamp":1755086632000},"page":"6169-6175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Choice of outcome measure methods affects reported results in stapes surgery. 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