{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T15:27:36Z","timestamp":1774020456625,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After total laryngectomy, dysphagia is common due to changes in anatomy and physiology. Currently, it is unclear if the remaining muscles still can be activated with swallowing exercises. This study aims to assess which muscles, if any, are activated after conventional or resistance-based exercises with the Swallowing Exercise Aid (SEA) using mfMRI-based T2maps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five laryngectomized individuals underwent mfMRI before and after six exercises. Three conventional (Effortful Swallow, Masako, Shaker) and three SEA exercises (Chin Tuck, Jaw Opening and Effortful Swallow Against Resistance (CTAR, JOAR and ESAR, resp.)) were assessed. T2 mapping scans were made pre and post all exercises carried out until exhaustion. Muscles of interest were the medial and lateral pterygoids, intrinsic and extrinsic tongue, suprahyoid, superior pharyngeal constrictor, masseter and sternocleidomastoid muscles. Primary parameter was the difference (\u0394) of the post- and pre-exercise T2 map values in milliseconds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 1.490 annotated muscles were analyzed. Following the swallowing exercises, true positive \u0394 T2 map values were found in up to 90% of these muscles. Each exercise (conventional and SEA-based) activated at least three muscles of interest, in varying numbers per exercise. Among all annotated muscles, percentages of positive \u0394 T2 map values were highest for the lateral pterygoid muscles following the SEA exercises CTAR and JOAR (70 and 90%, resp.).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This mfMRI study shows that after total laryngectomy swallowing muscles still can be activated with swallowing exercises. The SEA-based exercises CTAR and JOAR showed the highest percentage of bilateral activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-025-09727-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T19:47:35Z","timestamp":1762372055000},"page":"6519-6532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MfMRI assessment of muscle activation by swallowing exercises in laryngectomized individuals: investigating conventional and resistance-based exercises using the swallow exercise aid (SEA)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"282","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1780-3055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marise","family":"Neijman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leon C.","family":"ter Beek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loes M.M.","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frans J.M.","family":"Hilgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martijn M.","family":"Stuiver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisette","family":"van der Molen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michiel W.M.","family":"van den Brekel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten J.A","family":"van Alphen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"9727_CR1","unstructured":"Andaloro C, Widrich J (2023) Total Laryngectomy. 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The guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration were followed, and written informed consent was obtained from each participant before inclusion.\u00a0","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Author Marise Neijman declares that she has no conflict of interest. Author Leon C. ter Beek declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Loes M.M. Braun declares that she has no conflict of interest. Author Frans J.M. Hilgersdeclares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Martijn M. Stuiver declares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Lisette van der Molen declares that she has no conflict of interest. Author Michiel W.M. van den Brekeldeclares that he has no conflict of interest. Author Maarten J.A. van Alphen declares that he has no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}