{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T14:00:44Z","timestamp":1773410444074,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Scientific Research Program for Young and Middle-aged Health Professionals of Fujian Province","award":["2022ZQNZD001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZQNZD001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-025-09953-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T17:22:08Z","timestamp":1769016128000},"page":"987-1000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autonomic dysfunction in laryngopharyngeal reflux: heart rate variability and its association with esophageal motility"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"283","author":[{"given":"Li-qun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-tian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1740-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-jin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen-Jie","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"9953_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i16.2209","volume":"30","author":"N Cui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cui N, Dai T, Liu Y et al (2024) Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: updated examination of mechanisms, pathophysiology, treatment, and association with gastroesophageal reflux disease. World J Gastroenterol 30(16):2209\u20132219","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9953_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.125760","volume":"127","author":"JA Koufman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koufman JA, Aviv JE, Casiano RR et al (2002) Laryngopharyngeal reflux: position statement of the committee on speech, voice, and swallowing disorders of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 127(1):32\u20135","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"9953_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.21053\/ceo.2020.00885","volume":"14","author":"D Zabolotnyi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zabolotnyi D, Kizim Y, Zabolotna D et al (2021) Laryngopharyngeal reflux alters macrophage polarization in human papilloma virus-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx in males. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 14(2):240\u2013243","journal-title":"Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9953_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1159\/000512527","volume":"83","author":"G Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu G, Ding X, Xu W (2021) Association between laryngopharyngeal reflux and vocal fold leukoplakia. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 83(3):159\u2013166","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"issue":"3","key":"9953_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29793","volume":"132","author":"D Gluvaji\u0107","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gluvaji\u0107 D, \u0160ereg-Bahar M, Jerin A et al (2022) The impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux on occurrence and clinical course of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Laryngoscope 132(3):619\u201325","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"5","key":"9953_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.01.025","volume":"20","author":"R Yadlapati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yadlapati R, Gyawali CP, Pandolfino JE (2022) AGA clinical practice update on the personalized approach to the evaluation and management of GERD: expert review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 20(5):984\u201394e1","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9953_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2013.06.005","volume":"27","author":"PJ Kahrilas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kahrilas PJ, Boeckxstaens G, Smout AJ (2013) Management of the patient with incomplete response to PPI therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 27(3):401\u2013414","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"9953_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489419858090","volume":"128","author":"JR Lechien","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lechien JR, Mouawad F, Mortuaire G et al (2019) Awareness of European otolaryngologists and general practitioners toward laryngopharyngeal reflux. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 128(11):1030\u20131040","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"22","key":"9953_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6982","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i22.6982","volume":"21","author":"B Milovanovic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Milovanovic B, Filipovic B, Mutavdzin S et al (2015) Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. World J Gastroenterol 21(22):6982\u20139","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9953_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05482-w","volume":"276","author":"AM Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang AM, Wang G, Huang N et al (2019) Association between laryngopharyngeal reflux disease and autonomic nerve dysfunction. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 276(8):2283\u20132287","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9953_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.07.049","volume":"154","author":"CP Gyawali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gyawali CP, Fass R (2018) Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 154(2):302\u2013318","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9953_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X16999201231203854","volume":"17","author":"R Tiwari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tiwari R, Kumar R, Malik S et al (2021) Analysis of heart rate variability and implication of different factors on heart rate variability. Curr Cardiol Rev 17(5):e160721189770","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"9953_CR13","volume-title":"Handbook of commonly used psychological assessment scales","author":"X Dai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dai X (2011) Handbook of commonly used psychological assessment scales. People\u2019s Military Medical, Beijing"},{"issue":"5","key":"9953_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5940-z","volume":"32","author":"T Suzuki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suzuki T, Seki Y, Okamoto Y et al (2018) Hypopharyngeal multichannel intraluminal impedance leads to the promising outcome of antireflux surgery in Japanese population with laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms. Surg Endosc 32(5):2409\u20132419","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"9953_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-011-1741-1","volume":"16","author":"T Hoppo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoppo T, Sanz AF, Nason KS et al (2012) How much pharyngeal exposure is normal? Normative data for laryngopharyngeal reflux events using hypopharyngeal multichannel intraluminal impedance (HMII). J Gastrointest Surg 16(1):16\u201324 discussion \u2013\u20095","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"9953_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14058","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14058","volume":"33","author":"R Yadlapati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yadlapati R, Kahrilas PJ, Fox MR et al (2021) Esophageal motility disorders on high-resolution manometry: Chicago classification version 4.0(\u00a9). Neurogastroenterol Motil 33(1):e14058","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"9953_CR17","unstructured":"Xin M, Lihua P, Xiaoxiao W et al (2016) Dynamic analysis of upper and lower esophageal sphincter in achalasia patients at different ages. Acad J Chin PLA Med Sch\u00a037(6):4"},{"issue":"12","key":"9953_CR18","first-page":"5","volume":"51","author":"X Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen X, Li Y, Guo W et al (2016) Prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in Fuzhou region of China. Chin J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 51(12):5","journal-title":"Chin J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"9953_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.467","volume":"104","author":"WJ Bulsiewicz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bulsiewicz WJ, Kahrilas PJ, Kwiatek MA et al (2009) Esophageal pressure topography criteria indicative of incomplete bolus clearance: a study using high-resolution impedance manometry. Am J Gastroenterol 104(11):2721\u20132728","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9953_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.373","volume":"109","author":"M Ribolsi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ribolsi M, Balestrieri P, Emerenziani S et al (2014) Weak peristalsis with large breaks is associated with higher acid exposure and delayed reflux clearance in the supine position in GERD patients. Am J Gastroenterol 109(1):46\u201351","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9953_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15391","volume":"36","author":"DR Sikavi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sikavi DR, Cai JX, Carroll TL et al (2021) Prevalence and clinical significance of esophageal motility disorders in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 36(8):2076\u201382","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"9953_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2012.685756","volume":"47","author":"H Tsutsui","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsutsui H, Manabe N, Uno M et al (2012) Esophageal motor dysfunction plays a key role in GERD with globus sensation\u2013analysis of factors promoting resistance to PPI therapy. Scand J Gastroenterol 47(8\u20139):893\u20139","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9953_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2017.1322139","volume":"52","author":"T Benjamin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benjamin T, Zackria S, Lopez R et al (2017) Upper esophageal sphincter abnormalities and high-resolution esophageal manometry findings in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux. Scand J Gastroenterol 52(8):816\u201321","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9953_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813482103","volume":"148","author":"WJ Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang WJ, Shu CH, Chou KT et al (2013) Evaluating the autonomic nervous system in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 148(6):997\u20131002","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"9953_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G21","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00363.2010","volume":"300","author":"T Babic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Babic T, Browning KN, Travagli RA (2011) Differential organization of excitatory and inhibitory synapses within the rat dorsal vagal complex. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 300(1):G21\u201332","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9953_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01381.x","volume":"22","author":"AE Lomax","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lomax AE, Sharkey KA, Furness JB (2010) The participation of the sympathetic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract in disease states. Neurogastroenterol Motil 22(1):7\u201318","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"7","key":"9953_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.985","volume":"14","author":"AS Sidhu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sidhu AS, Triadafilopoulos G (2008) Neuro-regulation of lower esophageal sphincter function as treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease. World J Gastroenterol 14(7):985\u2013990","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9953_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03479-8","volume":"25","author":"K Balihar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Balihar K, Kotyza J, Zdrhova L et al (2021) Characterization of esophageal motor activity, gastroesophageal reflux, and evaluation of prokinetic effectiveness in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a high-resolution impedance manometry study. Crit Care 25(1):54","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"9953_CR29","first-page":"32","volume":"13","author":"S Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee S, Oh CJ, Seong JW (2016) Sympathetic nerve entrapment point injection as an antireflux procedure for refractory laryngopharyngeal reflux: a first case report of innovative autonomic regulation. Innov Clin Neurosci 13(11\u201312):32\u20136","journal-title":"Innov Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"9953_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1778","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29166","volume":"131","author":"FJ Meisoll","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meisoll FJ, Jungheim M, Fast JF et al (2021) Upper esophageal sphincter response to laryngeal adductor reflex elicitation in humans. Laryngoscope 131(6):E1778-e84","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"9953_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12251","volume":"1300","author":"A Schindler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schindler A, Mozzanica F, Alfonsi E et al (2013) Upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction: diverticula-globus pharyngeus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1300:250\u201360","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"9953_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-020-10159-2","volume":"36","author":"S Miller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miller S, Ptok M, Jungheim M (2021) Influence of acid swallows on the dynamics of the upper esophageal sphincter. Dysphagia 36(3):443\u2013455","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"1","key":"9953_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm16047","volume":"23","author":"L Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang L, Ye B, Wang Y et al (2017) Esophageal body motility for clinical assessment in patients with refractory gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 23(1):64\u201371","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"17","key":"9953_CR34","first-page":"1553","volume":"29","author":"Y Gu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gu Y, Qian W (2015) [Analysis of the characteristic of pharyngeal paraesthesia patients by high resolution manometry]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 29(17):1553\u20135","journal-title":"Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"9953_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2008.150","volume":"104","author":"MA Kwiatek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kwiatek MA, Mirza F, Kahrilas PJ et al (2009) Hyperdynamic upper esophageal sphincter pressure: a manometric observation in patients reporting globus sensation. Am J Gastroenterol 104(2):289\u2013298","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9953_CR36","first-page":"241","volume":"8","author":"TI Omari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Omari TI, Wiklendt L, Dinning P et al (2014) Upper esophageal sphincter mechanical States analysis: a novel methodology to describe UES relaxation and opening. Front Syst Neurosci 8:241","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"9953_CR37","first-page":"3","volume":"35","author":"X Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang X, Li Y (2020) Analysis and treatment of correlation between pharyngeal reflux and anxiety and depression. Chin Med Digest Otorhinolaryngol 35(4):3","journal-title":"Chin Med Digest Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9953_CR38","unstructured":"Liu ML, Huang N, Wang G et al (2022) Treatment of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease by PPI combined with antidepressants management: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Chin Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Suge"},{"key":"9953_CR39","volume":"003","author":"Z Fang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fang Z, Xiongjie H (2022) Analysis of curative effect of Escitalopram combined with Nexium enteric coated tablets in treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux with anxiety and depression. Chin J Otorhinolaryngol Integr Med 003:030","journal-title":"Chin J Otorhinolaryngol Integr Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"9953_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2012.18.3.291","volume":"18","author":"HJ Sung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sung HJ, Cho YK, Moon SJ et al (2012) Role of acid and weakly acidic reflux in gastroesophageal reflux disease off proton pump inhibitor therapy. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 18(3):291\u2013297","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"1","key":"9953_CR41","first-page":"89","volume":"40","author":"H Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang H, Shen GM (2020) [Is dorsal vagal complex the key nucleus of acupuncture regulation of gastric function\u0f1f]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 40(1):89\u201395","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"issue":"4","key":"9953_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2014.tb00587.x","volume":"4","author":"KN Browning","year":"2014","unstructured":"Browning KN, Travagli RA (2014) Central nervous system control of Gastrointestinal motility and secretion and modulation of Gastrointestinal functions. Compr Physiol 4(4):1339\u20131368","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9953_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13082","volume":"23","author":"Y Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu Y, Zhang B, Shi X et al (2020) Ameliorating effects and autonomic mechanisms of transcutaneous electrical acustimulation in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Neuromodulation 23(8):1207\u201314","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-025-09953-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-025-09953-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-025-09953-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T10:03:01Z","timestamp":1773396181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-025-09953-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["9953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-025-09953-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"\u00a0All authors have no conflict of interest related to this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict\u00a0<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->of interest"}},{"value":"All participants provided written informed consent before enrollment.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent s<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->tatement"}},{"value":"The authors have read the STROBE Statement. The current study manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement\u2014checklist of items.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"STROBE statement"}},{"value":"Gastroenterology and Otorhinolaryngology.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Specialty type"}},{"value":"China.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Country\/Territory of origin"}}]}}