{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T01:58:53Z","timestamp":1781056733281,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-026-10062-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T09:48:56Z","timestamp":1773654536000},"page":"3539-3552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endoscopic versus microscopic stapedotomy: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis incorporating all comparative evidence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"283","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8602-4972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulsalam","family":"Alqutub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Kabli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johara","family":"Alnafie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Revan","family":"Mujahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shatha","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reema","family":"Althubaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muath","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahaf","family":"Altwairqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talal","family":"Althobaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"10062_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.07.014","volume":"330","author":"M Rudic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rudic M, Keogh I, Wagner R, Wilkinson E, Kiros N, Ferrary E et al (2015) The pathophysiology of otosclerosis: review of current research. Hear Res 330:51\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heares.2015.07.014","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10062_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000988","volume":"37","author":"ML Bennett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bennett ML, Zhang D, Labadie RF, Noble JH (2016) Comparison of middle ear visualization with endoscopy and microscopy. Otology Neurotology 37:362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000988","journal-title":"Otology Neurotology"},{"key":"10062_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3468-6","volume":"273","author":"C Naik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Naik C, Nemade S (2016) Endoscopic stapedotomy: our view point. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 273:37\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-014-3468-6","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10062_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480902915731","volume":"129","author":"S Miuchi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miuchi S, Sakagami M, Tsuzuki K, Noguchi K, Mishiro Y, Katsura H (2009) Taste disturbance after stapes surgery \u2013 clinical and experimental study. Acta Otolaryngol 129:71\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016480902915731","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10062_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2011.10.020","volume":"39","author":"E Guder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guder E, B\u00f6ttcher A, Pau HW, Just T (2012) Taste function after stapes surgery. Auris Nasus Larynx 39:562\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anl.2011.10.020","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"10062_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07507-3","volume":"280","author":"T Celik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Celik T, Erdur O, Gul O, Firat Koca C, Colpan B (2023) Comparison of endoscopic and microscopic methods in stapedotomy: a retrospective analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 280:589\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-022-07507-3","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10062_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joto.2017.11.002","volume":"13","author":"W Moneir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moneir W, Abd El-fattah AM, Mahmoud E, Elshaer M (2018) Endoscopic stapedotomy: merits and demerits. J Otology 13:97\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joto.2017.11.002","journal-title":"J Otology"},{"key":"10062_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200407000-00005","volume":"114","author":"M Tarabichi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tarabichi M (2004) Endoscopic management of limited attic cholesteatoma. Laryngoscope 114:1157\u20131162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200407000-00005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10062_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001186","volume":"37","author":"G Iannella","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iannella G, Magliulo G (2016) Endoscopic versus microscopic approach in stapes surgery: are operative times and learning curve important for making the choice? Otology Neurotology 37:1350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001186","journal-title":"Otology Neurotology"},{"key":"10062_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182096b39","volume":"32","author":"L Migirov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Migirov L, Shapira Y, Horowitz Z, Wolf M (2011) Exclusive endoscopic ear surgery for acquired cholesteatoma: preliminary results. Otology Neurotology 32:433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182096b39","journal-title":"Otology Neurotology"},{"key":"10062_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1109","volume":"172","author":"E Albazee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Albazee E, Alajmi H, Aldoukhi A, Alali AW (2025) Endoscopic versus microscopic stapedotomy: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 172:1164\u20131176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ohn.1109","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10062_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000004606","volume":"46","author":"M Botros","year":"2025","unstructured":"Botros M, Roshdy MR, Mokhles A, Karas G, Bedwany SS (2025) Stapedotomy in otosclerosis: A GRADE-Guided systematic review and Meta-analysis of endoscopy vs. Microscopy Otol Neurotol 46(9):1022\u20131030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAO.0000000000004606","journal-title":"Microscopy Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"10062_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","volume":"162","author":"B Hutton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hutton B, Salanti G, Caldwell DM, Chaimani A, Schmid CH, Cameron C et al (2015) The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations. Ann Intern Med 162:777\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M14-2385","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10062_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ED000142","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.ED000142","volume":"2019","author":"M Cumpston","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Chandler J, Welch VA, Higgins JP et al (2019) Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019:ED000142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.ED000142","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10062_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","volume":"5","author":"M Ouzzani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A (2016) Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev 5:210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10062_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I et al (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 366:l4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10062_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","volume":"355","author":"JA Sterne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC, Savovi\u0107 J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M et al (2016) ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ 355:i4919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i4919","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10062_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.12.017","volume":"79","author":"JM Norris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Norris JM, Simpson BS, Ball R, Freeman A, Kirkham A, Parry MA et al (2021) A modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for assessment of study quality in genetic urological research. Eur Urol 79:325\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.12.017","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10062_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215118000439","volume":"132","author":"FN Ardi\u00e7","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ardi\u00e7 FN, Aykal K, T\u00fcmkaya F, Kara CO, Barlay F (2018) Improvement of hearing results by bone cement fixation in endoscopic Stapedotomy. J Laryngol Otol 132:486\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022215118000439","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"10062_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215118001548","volume":"132","author":"A Bhardwaj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhardwaj A, Anant A, Bharadwaj N, Gupta A, Gupta S (2018) Stapedotomy using a 4\u00a0mm endoscope: any advantage over a microscope? J Laryngol Otol 132:807\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022215118001548","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"10062_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Blijleven EE, Willemsen K, Bleys RLAW, Stokroos RJ, Wegner I, Thomeer HGXM (2022) Endoscopic vs. microscopic stapes surgery: an anatomical feasibility study. Front Surg 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1054342","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1054342"},{"key":"10062_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5152\/b-ent.2023.21633","volume":"19","author":"A Dalg\u0131\u00e7","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dalg\u0131\u00e7 A, Aysel A, Ayd\u0131n E et al (2024) Department of otorhinolaryngology, university of health sciences faculty of medicine, bozyaka education and research hospital, \u0130zmir Turkey. Comparison of endoscopic and microscopic reversal stapedotomies: our clinical experience in 87 patients with otosclerosis. B-ENT 19:103\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/b-ent.2023.21633","journal-title":"B-ENT"},{"key":"10062_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3614-9","volume":"273","author":"A Daneshi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Daneshi A, Jahandideh H (2016) Totally endoscopic stapes surgery without packing: novel technique bringing most comfort to the patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 273:631\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-015-3614-9","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10062_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319862216","volume":"100","author":"A Das","year":"2021","unstructured":"Das A, Mitra S, Ghosh D, Sengupta A (2021) Endoscopic stapedotomy: overcoming limitations of operating microscope. Ear Nose Throat J 100:103\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145561319862216","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"10062_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103242","volume":"43","author":"R Dundar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dundar R, Iynen I, Buyruk A (2022) Different approach for surgery of stapes: comparison microscopic and endoscopic approach. Am J Otolaryngol 43:103242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103242","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10062_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP679","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613221078183","volume":"103","author":"M Dutta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dutta M, Kundu S, Ghosh B, Ghosh P (2024) Perspectives and early experience on endoscopic Stapedotomy from a group of traditional school otologists. Ear Nose Throat J 103:NP679\u2013NP685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01455613221078183","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"10062_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31241","volume":"134","author":"H Emami","year":"2024","unstructured":"Emami H, Amirzargar B, Nemati Y, Rahimi N (2024) Endoscopic versus microscopic stapedotomy: A randomized clinical trial. Laryngoscope 134:2395\u20132400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.31241","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10062_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1097\/mao.0000000000003298","volume":"42","author":"CJ Fan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fan CJ, Kaul VF, Mavrommatis MA, Schwam ZG, Hu S, Kong DK et al (2021) Endoscopic versus microscopic stapedotomy: A Single-Blinded randomized control trial. Otology Neurotology 42:1460\u20131466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mao.0000000000003298","journal-title":"Otology Neurotology"},{"key":"10062_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-02029-y","volume":"74","author":"HS Giri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giri HS, Nayak PD, Giri MR, Solanki G (2022) Endoscopic versus microscopic stapedotomy: our experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 74:241\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12070-020-02029-y","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10062_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G\u00fcl\u015fen S, Karata\u015f E (2019) Comparison of surgical and audiological outcomes of endoscopic and microscopic approach in stapes surgery: endoscopic versus microscopic approach in stapes surgery. Pak J Med Sci 35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12669\/pjms.35.5.439","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.35.5.439"},{"key":"10062_CR31","unstructured":"G\u00fcneri EA, Olgun Y (n.d) Endoscopic stapedotomy: our clinical experience"},{"key":"10062_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20171179","volume":"3","author":"B Harikumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harikumar B, Arun Kumar KJ (2017) Comparative study between microscopic and endoscopic stapes surgery. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 3:285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18203\/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20171179","journal-title":"Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10062_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102666","volume":"41","author":"VF Kaul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaul VF, Chow K, Estrera SL, Schwam ZG, Wanna GB (2020) Microdrill in endoscopic stapes surgery: is it safe? Am J Otolaryngol 41:102666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102666","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10062_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-024-08823-6","volume":"281","author":"\u0130 Kaya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaya \u0130, \u015eahin FF, Tanr\u0131verdi H, Ero\u011flu S, Kirazli T (2024) Comparison of endoscopic and microscopic Stapedotomy in the same patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 281:5753\u20135761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-024-08823-6","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10062_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24144","volume":"124","author":"H Kojima","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kojima H, Komori M, Chikazawa S, Yaguchi Y, Yamamoto K, Chujo K et al (2014) Comparison between endoscopic and microscopic stapes surgery. Laryngoscope 124:266\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.24144","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10062_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2018.1490029","volume":"138","author":"C-W Kuo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuo C-W, Wu H-M (2018) Fully endoscopic laser stapedotomy: is it comparable with microscopic surgery? Acta Otolaryngol 138:871\u2013876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00016489.2018.1490029","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10062_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28943","volume":"131","author":"D Lucidi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lucidi D, Molinari G, Reale M, Alicandri-Ciufelli M, Presutti L (2021) Functional results and learning curve of endoscopic stapes surgery: A 10\u2010Year experience. Laryngoscope 131:885\u2013891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.28943","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10062_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21608\/ejentas.2021.70592.1345","volume":"24","author":"A Mohamdy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohamdy A, Mikhail B, Elsayed M, Abood A, Abdelsamie A (2023) Endoscopic versus microscopic stapedecomy: advantage and outcome. Egypt J Ear Nose Throat Allied Sci 24:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejentas.2021.70592.1345","journal-title":"Egypt J Ear Nose Throat Allied Sci"},{"key":"10062_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07550-0","volume":"280","author":"W Moneir","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moneir W, Eladl HM, El-Okda MM, Ebada HA (2023) Chorda tympani injury during endoscopic versus microscopic stapes surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 280:689\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-022-07550-0","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10062_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjotol.indianjotol_69_22","volume":"29","author":"T Ojha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ojha T, Sharma K, Chhabra B, Trivedi BB, Bansal M (2023) Endoscopic stapedotomy: overcoming limitations and improving surgical outcomes. Indian J Otology 29:158\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/indianjotol.indianjotol_69_22","journal-title":"Indian J Otology"},{"key":"10062_CR41","unstructured":"Plodpai Y, Atchariyasathian V, Khaimook W (2017) Endoscope-assisted stapedotomy with microdrill: comparison with a conventional technique. J Med Assoc Thai 100(2):190\u2013196"},{"key":"10062_CR42","unstructured":"Ramesh S, Rao PK, Ramesh H, Chandra PR, Bakshi SS, Das S et al (n.d) A comprehensive study of microscopic versus endoscopic stapes surgery"},{"key":"10062_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-08411-0","volume":"281","author":"L Sacchetto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sacchetto L, Raguso G, Confuorto G, Arietti V, Torroni L, Marchioni D et al (2024) A comparison between endoscopic and microscopic approaches for stapes surgery: experience of a tertiary referral center. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 281:2959\u20132965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-023-08411-0","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10062_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.21608\/ejnso.2019.57906","volume":"5","author":"M Salem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salem M, Wishahi H, Abd El-Raziq M, Asham M (2019) Endoscopic versus microscopic stapedectomy for treatment of otosclerosis. Egypt J Neck Surg Otorhinolaryngol 5:28\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejnso.2019.57906","journal-title":"Egypt J Neck Surg Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10062_CR45","unstructured":"Singh N, Meher R, Jc P, Singh I (2021) A comparative study of endoscopic stapedotomy and microscopic stapedotomy"},{"key":"10062_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1097\/mao.0000000000001371","volume":"38","author":"R Sproat","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sproat R, Yiannakis C, Iyer A (2017) Endoscopic stapes surgery: A comparison with microscopic surgery. Otology Neurotology 38:662\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/mao.0000000000001371","journal-title":"Otology Neurotology"},{"key":"10062_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-5238-3","volume":"276","author":"A Cornejo-Suarez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cornejo-Suarez A, Chavez-Delgado ME, Perez-Ramirez R, Montoya-Hernandez I, Montoya-Valdez JR, Rosales-Orozco CS et al (2019) A modified method of local infiltration for endoscopic stapes surgery: how I do it. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 276:357\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-018-5238-3","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10062_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2016.07.001","volume":"44","author":"O Surmelioglu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Surmelioglu O, Ozdemir S, Tarkan O, Tuncer U, Dagkiran M, Cetik F (2017) Endoscopic versus microscopic stapes surgery. Auris Nasus Larynx 44:253\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anl.2016.07.001","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"10062_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-1252","volume":"10","author":"Y Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang Y, Gao M, Zhang T, Yang H (2022) A comparative study of changes in audiological characteristics when using endoscopic and microscopic stapes surgery in patients with otosclerosis. Ann Transl Med 10:458\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm-22-1252","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"10062_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"07","DOI":"10.33545\/26646455.2021.v3.i1a.16","volume":"3","author":"IEAE-A Tolba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tolba IEAE-A, El-Desouky ME, Farghaly TM (2021) Comparative study of transcanal endoscopic versus conventional microscopic Stapedotomy. Int J Otolaryngol Res 3:07\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33545\/26646455.2021.v3.i1a.16","journal-title":"Int J Otolaryngol Res"},{"key":"10062_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819836679","volume":"161","author":"AM Tolisano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tolisano AM, Fontenot MR, Nassiri AM, Hunter JB, Kutz JW, Rivas A et al (2019) Pediatric stapes surgery: hearing and surgical outcomes in endoscopic vs microscopic approaches. Otolaryngol\u2013Head Neck Surg 161:150\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599819836679","journal-title":"Otolaryngol\u2013Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10062_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319866825","volume":"100","author":"A Lovato","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lovato A, Kraak J, Hensen EF, Smit CF, Giacomelli L, de Filippis C et al (2021) A critical look into Stapedotomy learning curve: influence of patient characteristics and different criteria defining success. Ear Nose Throat J 100:368\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145561319866825","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"10062_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-suppl.1_3-45-2025-A1336","volume":"45","author":"L Bruschini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bruschini L, Lazzerini F, Vito AD, Forli F, Berrettini S (2025) Update on stapes surgery. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 45:S29\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14639\/0392-100X-suppl.1_3-45-2025-A1336","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"10062_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Poutoglidis A, Tsetsos N, Vardaxi C, Fyrmpas G, Poutoglidou F, Kilmpasanis A et al (n.d) Conventional microscopic stapedotomy: an obsolete technique or still the gold standard for the management of otosclerosis? Cureus 13:e14126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.14126","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.14126"},{"key":"10062_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28353","volume":"130","author":"A Koukkoullis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koukkoullis A, T\u00f3th I, Gede N, Szak\u00e1cs Z, Hegyi P, Varga G et al (2020) Endoscopic versus microscopic stapes surgery outcomes: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Laryngoscope 130:2019\u20132027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.28353","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10062_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.3390\/app10051877","volume":"10","author":"Y Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim Y, Kang JM, Song H-Y, Kang WS, Park J-H, Chung JW (2020) Self-Expandable retainer for endoscopic visualization in the external auditory canal: proof of concept in human cadavers. Appl Sci 10:1877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10051877","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"10062_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levie C, Levie P (2022) Department of otorhinolaryngology and head & neck surgery, Chirec, Brussels, Belgium. Base of Endoscopic Ear Surgery. B-ENT. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/b-ent.2022.22980","DOI":"10.5152\/b-ent.2022.22980"},{"key":"10062_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2017.11.011","volume":"51","author":"B Isaacson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Isaacson B, Hunter JB, Rivas A (2018) Endoscopic stapes surgery. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 51:415\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2017.11.011","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10062_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05280-4","volume":"276","author":"IJ Fernandez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernandez IJ, Villari D, Botti C, Presutti L (2019) Endoscopic revision stapes surgery: surgical findings and outcomes. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 276:703\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-019-05280-4","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10062_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59081485","volume":"59","author":"V Necula","year":"2023","unstructured":"Necula V, Maniu AA, Ujv\u00e1ry L-P, Dindelegan M-G, T\u0103nase M, T\u0103nase M et al (2023) Vertigo associated with otosclerosis and stapes Surgery\u2014A. Narrative Rev Med (Kaunas) 59:1485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59081485","journal-title":"Narrative Rev Med (Kaunas)"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10062-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10062-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10062-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T01:04:30Z","timestamp":1781053470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10062-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10062-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"There are no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This manuscript has not been published or presented elsewhere and is not under consideration by another journal.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Meetings at which the manuscript was presented"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research involving Human Participants and\/or Animals"}},{"value":"The authors declare they have no financial interests.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial interests"}},{"value":"None.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Non-financial interests"}}]}}