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This study aimed to assess the hypothesis that oropharyngeal cancer is not overrepresented in patients with peritonsillar abscess.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This population-based, nationwide Swedish cohort study compared all patients diagnosed with peritonsillar abscess during 2005\u20132023 with an age-, date-, and sex-matched non-exposed group from the same cohort. Conditional logistic regression provided odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for oropharyngeal cancer within 1 year after peritonsillar abscess diagnosis, or matching date. Except for the three matching variables, the OR were adjusted for tobacco smoking, alcohol overconsumption, and comorbidity in a multivariable model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oropharyngeal cancer was diagnosed in 30 patients out of 64,244 occurrences of peritonsillar abscess (0.05%), compared to 9 out of 642,440 individuals in the comparison group (0.0014%). All 39 oropharyngeal cancers occurred in individuals aged 40 or older. Peritonsillar abscess was associated with an increased 1-year risk of oropharyngeal cancer (adjusted OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.75\u20134.26). In substrata of age, the strongest association was observed for patients aged 60 years and above (adjusted OR 4.54, 95% CI 3.07\u20136.02), corresponding to 2.8 cases per 1000 patients, while the age group 40\u201359 years had an OR of 2.76 (95% CI 1.80\u20133.72).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peritonsillar abscess may indicate an underlying oropharyngeal cancer only in rare cases. Given the low incidence of oropharyngeal cancer after peritonsillar abscess, routine follow-up is questionable or may be limited to older patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-026-10235-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T07:42:35Z","timestamp":1780299755000},"page":"4671-4677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peritonsillar abscess as a clinical sign of oropharyngeal cancer \u2013 a Swedish national cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"283","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3098-1167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eivind","family":"Gottlieb-Vedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giola","family":"Santoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna","family":"Toppila-Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"M\u00e4kitie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-Hua","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Lagergren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"10235_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hay A, Nixon IJ (2018) Recent advances in the understanding and management of oropharyngeal cancer. 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STS reports having received consultancy fees from ALK-Abell\u00f3, AstraZeneca, Clario, ERT, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Sanofi Pharma, OrionPharma, Roche Products and grants from GlaxoSmithKline and Sanofi, unrelated to the current study","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}