{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T20:55:28Z","timestamp":1794257728500,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universitat de Barcelona","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/021018s57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically evaluate the benefits and risks of bilateral cochlear implantation (BiCI) in children compared with unilateral cochlear implantation (UniCI), with a focus on auditory outcomes, language development, and potential complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (1128982). Searches were performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between 2015 and June 2025, with selective inclusion of earlier high-quality pediatric studies. Eligible studies included children with congenital or early-onset bilateral deafness who received BiCI or UniCI. Primary outcomes were speech perception (especially in noise), sound localisation, and spoken language development. Secondary outcomes included quality of life and adverse effects. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using standardised mean differences (SMD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 20 in the meta-analyses. BiCI provided significantly better outcomes in speech perception in noise (SMD\u2009=\u2009+\u20090.70,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and sound localisation (SMD\u2009=\u2009+\u20090.74,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with consistent benefits across study designs and populations. Language development also favoured BiCI (SMD\u2009=\u2009+\u20090.65 for receptive vocabulary). Earlier implantation and shorter inter-implant intervals were associated with larger benefits. Surgical and vestibular complications were infrequent and did not exceed those reported for UniCI. Quality-of-life ratings were consistently higher in BiCI users.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bilateral cochlear implantation offers a significant but variable advantage over unilateral implantation in children, particularly in noisy environments, spatial hearing, and language acquisition. While language outcomes generally favour BiCI, results show greater heterogeneity compared to auditory measures. Benefits are most robust with early and simultaneous implantation. Although BiCI is a safe and effective intervention, the observed methodological and clinical heterogeneity underscores the need for standardized longitudinal assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-026-10302-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T02:56:55Z","timestamp":1779332215000},"page":"5547-5556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Benefits of bilateral cochlear implantation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"283","author":[{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Zhuchkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Remacha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Codina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Larrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8191-9833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Bernal-Sprekelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10302_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dyae052","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyae052","volume":"53","author":"H Yoshimura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yoshimura H et al (2024) Epidemiology, aetiology and diagnosis of congenital hearing loss. Int J Epidemiol 53(3):dyae052","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10302_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000022","volume":"35","author":"J Sarant","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sarant J, Harris D, Bennet L et al (2014) Bilateral versus unilateral cochlear implants in children: a study of spoken language outcomes. Ear Hear 35(4):396\u2013409","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"10302_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.01.003","volume":"338","author":"RY Litovsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Litovsky RY, Gordon KA (2016) Bilateral cochlear implants in children: effects of auditory experience and deprivation on auditory perception. Hear Res 338:76\u201387","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10302_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/14670100.2016.1265055","volume":"18","author":"HE Cullington","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cullington HE, Bele D, Brinton JC et al (2017) United Kingdom national paediatric bilateral project: demographics and results of localization and speech perception testing. Cochlear Implants Int 18(1):2\u201322","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"10302_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-024-08462-x","volume":"281","author":"M Ikiz Bozsoy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ikiz Bozsoy M, Y\u00fccel E (2024) Language, cognitive, and speech in noise perception abilities of children with cochlear implants: a comparative analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 281(7):3521\u20133533","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10302_CR6","first-page":"343","volume":"20","author":"M Sparreboom","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sparreboom M, Snik AF, Mylanus EA (2015) Sequential bilateral cochlear implantation in children. Audiol Neurootol 20(6):343\u2013351","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10302_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.14236","volume":"50","author":"M Shen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shen M, Xue S, Wei X et al (2025) Changes of otolith and balance function related to cochlear implant in children with inner ear malformations. Clin Otolaryngol 50(1):113\u2013121","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10302_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00789","volume":"13","author":"J Sarant","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarant J, Harris D, Busby P et al (2019) Cochlear implants and cognitive function in older adults. Front Neurosci 13:789","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10302_CR9","first-page":"S40","volume":"65","author":"JP Thomas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thomas JP, Neumann K, Dazert S et al (2017) Cochlear implantation in children with single-sided deafness: a review. HNO 65(Suppl 1):S40\u2013S47","journal-title":"HNO"},{"issue":"4","key":"10302_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1260","volume":"8","author":"R Suurmond","year":"2017","unstructured":"Suurmond R, van Rhee H, Hak T (2017) Introduction, comparison and validation of Meta-Essentials: a free and simple tool for meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods 8(4):537\u2013553","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10302_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2016.08.016","volume":"58","author":"E Jacobs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jacobs E, Langereis MC, Frijns JH et al (2016) Benefits of simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation on working memory and speech in noise. Res Dev Disabil 58:104\u2013113","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10302_CR12","first-page":"501","volume":"31","author":"PM Johnstone","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johnstone PM, Litovsky RY, Stephen MT (2010) Effect of masker type and age on speech recognition thresholds. Ear Hear 31(4):501\u2013509","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"3","key":"10302_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07568-4","volume":"280","author":"F Forli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Forli F, Bruschini L, Franciosi B et al (2023) Sequential bilateral cochlear implant: long-term speech perception results in children first implanted at an early age. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 280(3):1073\u20131080","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10302_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000327","volume":"37","author":"SM Misurelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Misurelli SM, Litovsky RY (2016) Spatial hearing and speech intelligibility in complex environments. Ear Hear 37(5):529\u2013540","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"4","key":"10302_CR15","first-page":"618","volume":"76","author":"C Vincent","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vincent C, Arndt S, Lesinski-Schiedat A et al (2012) European study on bilateral cochlear implants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 76(4):618\u2013622","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10302_CR16","first-page":"381","volume":"139","author":"JH Jang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jang JH, Cho YS, Kim JH et al (2019) Auditory performance in children with different cochlear configurations. Acta Otolaryngol 139(5):381\u2013385","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10302_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.05.021","volume":"78","author":"D Cuda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cuda D, Murri A, Guerzoni L et al (2014) Pre-school children have better spoken language when early implanted. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 78(8):1327\u20131331","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10302_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1179\/1467010014Z.000000000172","volume":"15","author":"TY Ching","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ching TY, Day J, Cupples L (2014) Phonological awareness and reading in cochlear implant children. Cochlear Implants Int 15(Suppl 1):S27\u2013S29","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int"},{"key":"10302_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.09.010","volume":"102","author":"S Sharma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharma S, Bhatia K, Singh S et al (2017) Impact of socioeconomic factors on paediatric cochlear implant outcomes. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 102:90\u201397","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10302_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181e50a1d","volume":"31","author":"TM Grieco-Calub","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grieco-Calub TM, Litovsky RY (2010) Sound localization in children with bilateral implants. Ear Hear 31(5):645\u2013656","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"22","key":"10302_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6758","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226758","volume":"11","author":"F Asp","year":"2022","unstructured":"Asp F, Karltorp E, Berninger E (2022) Development of sound localization in infants and young children with cochlear implants. J Clin Med 11(22):6758","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10302_CR22","first-page":"45","volume":"62","author":"W Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li W, Zhao X, Zhang D et al (2023) Speech perception in noise in Mandarin-speaking children with sequential bilateral implants. Int J Audiol 62(1):45\u201353","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10302_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000666","volume":"40","author":"C Killan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Killan C, Scally A, Killan E et al (2019) Factors Affecting Sound-Source Localization in Children With Simultaneous or Sequential Bilateral Cochlear Implants. Ear Hear 40(4):870\u2013877","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"10302_CR24","volume":"138","author":"M Puechmaille","year":"2020","unstructured":"Puechmaille M, Debruyne M, Deguine O (2020) Real-world listening performance of pediatric cochlear implant users. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 138:110296","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10302_CR25","first-page":"903","volume":"40","author":"JV Torkildsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Torkildsen JV, Arciuli J, Haukedal CL (2019) Speech perception in noise: working memory and linguistic skills. Ear Hear 40(4):903\u2013917","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"5","key":"10302_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000851","volume":"41","author":"OB Wie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wie OB, Torkildsen JV, Schauber S et al (2020) Long-term language development in early simultaneous bilateral implants. Ear Hear 41(5):1294\u20131305","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"10302_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2024.112031","volume":"183","author":"P Jaisinghani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jaisinghani P, Yoon YS, Chun YM et al (2024) Impact of age at the second implantation, experience of amplification use, and long-term binaural experience on sound localization of children with bilateral cochlear implants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 183:112031","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10302_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.01.005","volume":"75","author":"L Colletti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Colletti L, Carner M, Miorelli V et al (2011) Infants vs older children with implants: 10-year performance. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 75(4):504\u2013509","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10302_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.109976","volume":"133","author":"L Guerzoni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guerzoni L, Cuda D, Tognola G (2020) Speech processor data logging and linguistic outcomes. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 133:109976","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10302_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.10.030","volume":"36C","author":"M Sparreboom","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sparreboom M, Langereis MC, Snik AF, Mylanus EAM (2015) Long-term outcomes on spatial hearing, speech recognition and receptive vocabulary after sequential bilateral cochlear implantation in children. Res Dev Disabil 36C:328\u2013337","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10302_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000915","volume":"37","author":"SJ Dettman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dettman SJ, Dowell RC, Choo D et al (2016) Long-term communication outcomes in early cochlear implant recipients. Otol Neurotol 37(2):e82\u2013e95","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10302_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2017.1311029","volume":"56","author":"H Bruijnzeel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bruijnzeel H, Cattani G, Stegeman I et al (2017) Ceiling effects in pediatric speech perception data. Int J Audiol 56(8):550\u2013558","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10302_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enab010","volume":"26","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Sibaii F, Lee K et al (2021) Meta-analysis on reading in cochlear implant children. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 26(3):336\u2013350","journal-title":"J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10302_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e318258c98e","volume":"33","author":"S Nittrouer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nittrouer S, Caldwell A, Lowenstein JH et al (2012) Emergent literacy in kindergarteners with implants. Ear Hear 33(6):683\u2013697","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"4","key":"10302_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enu011","volume":"19","author":"WG Kronenberger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kronenberger WG, Colson BG, Henning SC et al (2014) Executive functioning and speech-language skills post-implant. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 19(4):456\u2013470","journal-title":"J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10302_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998211067741","volume":"167","author":"F Sbeih","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sbeih F, Bouzaher MH, Appachi S et al (2022) Safety of cochlear implantation in children under 12 months. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 167(6):912\u2013922","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10302_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-024-08897-2","volume":"282","author":"MF Saleeb","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saleeb MF, Fiky LE, Mostafa BE et al (2025) Cochlear implantation in syndromic patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 282(1):113\u2013118","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10302_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2023.111495","volume":"167","author":"A Asghari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Asghari A, Daneshi A, Farhadi M et al (2023) Complications and outcomes of cochlear implantation in children younger than 12 months: a multicenter study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 167:111495","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10302_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181635e9a","volume":"29","author":"RD Cullen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cullen RD, Fayad JN, Luxford WM et al (2008) Revision cochlear implant surgery in children. Otol Neurotol 29(2):214\u2013220","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"10302_CR40","first-page":"29","volume":"545","author":"D Vibert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vibert D, H\u00e4usler R, Kompis M et al (2001) Vestibular function in cochlear implant patients. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 545:29\u201334","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10302_CR41","first-page":"54","volume":"17","author":"KL Galvin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Galvin KL, Mok M (2016) Everyday listening performance of children before and after receiving a second cochlear implant. Cochlear Implants Int 17(Suppl 1):54\u201358","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"10302_CR42","first-page":"629","volume":"149","author":"I Cejas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cejas I, Petruzzello E, Hoffman MF et al (2023) Cochlear implants and educational\/quality-of-life outcomes. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 149(7):629\u2013636","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10302_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13111610","volume":"13","author":"G Gundacker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gundacker G, Trales DE, Stefanescu HE (2023) Quality of life in pediatric cochlear implant users in Romania. J Pers Med 13(11):1610","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10302_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2011.229","volume":"138","author":"M Sparreboom","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sparreboom M, Snik AF, Mylanus EA (2012) Sequential bilateral cochlear implantation: quality of life. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 138(2):134\u2013141","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10302_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000108","volume":"36","author":"R Kumar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumar R, Warner-Czyz A, Silver CH et al (2015) Parent perspectives on quality of life in pediatric cochlear implant recipients. Ear Hear 36(2):269\u2013278","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"10302_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966401","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.966401","volume":"13","author":"AD Warner-Czyz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Warner-Czyz AD, Nelson JA, Kumar R et al (2022) Parent-reported quality of life in children with implants. Front Psychol 13:966401","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10302_CR47","first-page":"144","volume":"17","author":"RY Litovsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Litovsky RY, Goupell MJ, Godar S et al (2016) Studies on bilateral implants at the University of Wisconsin. Cochlear Implants Int 17(Suppl 1):144\u2013146","journal-title":"Cochlear Implants Int"},{"key":"10302_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30569-0","volume":"13","author":"AN Buck","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buck AN, Buchholz S, Schnupp JW et al (2023) Interaural time difference sensitivity under cochlear implantation. Sci Rep 13:3785","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10302_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12679","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31546-8","volume":"8","author":"MJ Polonenko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Polonenko MJ, Gordon KA, Papsin BC et al (2018) Cortical organization after implantation in single-sided deafness. Sci Rep 8:12679","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10302_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000852","volume":"41","author":"D Holzinger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holzinger D, Dall M, Sanduvete-Chaves S et al (2020) Impact of family environment on language development. Ear Hear 41(5):1077\u20131091","journal-title":"Ear Hear"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10302-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10302-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10302-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T12:02:43Z","timestamp":1790337763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10302-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10302-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"There is no ethical approval needed because no human or animal subjects were involved. Subsequently, there was no need for informed consents or for approval by the IRB.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors do no have conflicts of interest in relation with this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}