{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:10:31Z","timestamp":1792782631631,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Baskent University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v9bqx10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has long been considered a predominantly male disorder; however, increasing evidence suggests substantial sex-related differences in clinical presentation and disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included adult patients diagnosed with OSAS by polysomnography between January 2020 and January 2026. Demographic characteristics, polysomnographic findings, laboratory parameters, and echocardiographic measurements were analyzed. Systemic inflammation was assessed using the monocyte-to-HDL ratio, monocyte-to-LDL ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 230 patients were included (68.3% male, 31.7% female). Female patients were older and had higher body mass index at diagnosis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Mean and minimum oxygen saturation levels were significantly lower in women (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), who also exhibited higher pulmonary artery pressure and lower ejection fraction (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In contrast, monocyte-based inflammatory indices (MON\/HDL, MON\/LDL, and SII) were significantly higher in men. No significant sex-related differences were observed for SIRI or PIV.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OSAS demonstrates distinct sex-specific clinical and inflammatory phenotypes. While women tend to present at a later stage with more pronounced cardiopulmonary involvement, men exhibit a greater systemic inflammatory burden. These findings support the importance of incorporating sex-based considerations into diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OSAS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-026-10345-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:20:35Z","timestamp":1781050835000},"page":"5661-5670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effect of gender on clinical characteristics and diagnostic process of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"283","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6526-7281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yildiz","family":"Ucar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caner","family":"Incekas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keziban Ucar","family":"Karabulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meltem Karacan","family":"Golen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"10345_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-06281-1","volume":"25","author":"L Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao L, Zhang W, Gao Y, Cai W, Zhao Z et al (2025) Female predominance in nocturnal hypoxemia among elderly OSAS patients: hemoglobin mediates sex-specific hypoxic burden in Chinese cohorts. BMC Geriatr 25:598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-025-06281-1","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"154","key":"10345_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190030","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0030-2019","volume":"28","author":"MR Bonsignore","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bonsignore MR, Saaresranta T, Riha RL (2019) Sex differences in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir Rev 28(154):190030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/16000617.0030-2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"10345_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764837","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1764837","volume":"2016","author":"A Wimms","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wimms A, Woehrle H, Ketheeswaran S, Ramanan D, Armitstead J (2016) Obstructive sleep apnea in women: specific issues and interventions. Biomed Res Int 2016:1764837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/1764837","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10345_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1159\/000518932","volume":"30","author":"I Bouloukaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bouloukaki I, Tsiligianni I, Schiza S (2021) Evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea in female patients in primary care: time for improvement? Med Princ Pract 30:508\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000518932","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"10345_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.02.006","volume":"10","author":"L Ye","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ye L, Pien GW, Weaver TE (2009) Gender differences in the clinical manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 10(10):1075\u20131084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.02.006","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"10345_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6738","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14196738","volume":"14","author":"JA Aristiz\u00e1bal-Hoyos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aristiz\u00e1bal-Hoyos JA, L\u00f3pez-Soto OP, Fuentes-Barr\u00eda H, Aguilera-Egu\u00eda R, Angarita-Davila L et al (2025) Sex differences in predictors of obstructive sleep apnea risk among young adults: a cross-sectional study in Colombian university students. J Clin Med 14(19):6738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14196738","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10345_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-025-03420-1","volume":"29","author":"C Antonaglia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Antonaglia C, Citton GM, Siciliano M, Ruaro B, Salton F, Confalonieri M (2025) Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in women: gender in sleep respiratory medicine is a first step towards personalized medicine. Sleep Breath 29(4):250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-025-03420-1","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"6","key":"10345_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000001116","volume":"30","author":"EI Schwarz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schwarz EI, Schiza S (2024) Sex differences in sleep and sleep-disordered breathing. Curr Opin Pulm Med 30(6):593\u2013599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCP.0000000000001116","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10345_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6506","volume":"13","author":"VK Kapur","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kapur VK, Auckley DH, Chowdhuri S, Kuhlmann DC, Mehra R, Ramar K et al (2017) Clinical practice guideline for diagnostic testing for adult obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 13(3):479\u2013504","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10345_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint17060085","volume":"17","author":"A Castelnuovo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Castelnuovo A, Marelli S, Mazzeo S, Casoni F, Proserpio P et al (2025) Gender differences in obstructive sleep apnea: a preliminary clinical and polysomnographic investigation. Neurol Int 17(6):85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/neurolint17060085","journal-title":"Neurol Int"},{"key":"10345_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108348","volume":"248","author":"I Sonmez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sonmez I, Dupuy AV, Yu KS, Cronin J, Yee J, Azarbarzin A (2025) Unmasking obstructive sleep apnea: estimated prevalence and impact in the United States. Respir Med 248:108348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108348","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10345_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2003.01278.x","volume":"33","author":"O Resta","year":"2003","unstructured":"Resta O, Caratozzolo G, Pannacciulli N, Stef\u00e0no A, Giliberti T et al (2003) Gender, age and menopause effects on the prevalence and characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea in obesity. Eur J Clin Invest 33:1084\u20131089","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"10","key":"10345_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1325664","volume":"66","author":"A Valipour","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valipour A (2012) Gender-related differences in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Pneumologie 66(10):584\u2013588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0032-1325664","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"issue":"1","key":"10345_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-017-1482-9","volume":"22","author":"OK Basoglu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Basoglu OK, Tasbakan MS (2018) [Title not provided]. Sleep Breath 22(1):241\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-017-1482-9","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"8","key":"10345_CR15","first-page":"1071","volume":"31","author":"T Young","year":"2008","unstructured":"Young T, Finn L, Peppard PE, Szklo-Coxe M, Austin D (2008) Sleep-disordered breathing and mortality: eighteen-year follow-up of the Wisconsin sleep cohort. Sleep 31(8):1071\u20131078","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10345_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08164-6","volume":"12","author":"C Thompson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thompson C, Legault J, Moullec G, Baltzan M, Cross N et al (2022) A portrait of obstructive sleep apnea risk factors in middle-aged and older adults in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Sci Rep 12(1):5127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-08164-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10345_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.02.011","volume":"124","author":"E Perger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perger E, Mattaliano P, Lombardi C (2019) Menopause and sleep apnea. Maturitas 124:35\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.maturitas.2019.02.011","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"17","key":"10345_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304293281704","volume":"328","author":"T Young","year":"1993","unstructured":"Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S (1993) The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 328(17):1230\u20131235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199304293281704","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10345_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2020.01.003","volume":"113","author":"C Arnaud","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arnaud C, Bochaton T, P\u00e9pin JL, Belaidi E (2020) Obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiovascular consequences: pathophysiological mechanisms. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 113(5):350\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acvd.2020.01.003","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10345_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01759-6","volume":"10","author":"M Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu M, Wang Z, Zhan X, We Y (2021) Obstructive sleep apnea increases the risk of cardiovascular damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of imaging studies. Syst Rev 10(1):212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01759-6","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10345_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002258","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02258-2020","volume":"57","author":"Y Adir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adir Y, Humbert M, Chaouat A (2021) Sleep-related breathing disorders and pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 57(1):2002258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.02258-2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10345_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.06.048","volume":"104","author":"OA Minai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Minai OA, Ricaurte B, Kaw R, Hammel J, Mansour M et al (2009) Frequency and impact of pulmonary hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Cardiol 104(9):1300\u20131306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.06.048","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10345_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8437","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14238437","volume":"14","author":"A Aliyeva","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aliyeva A, Hashimli R, Yilmaz B (2025) Hematological biomarkers of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a machine learning-based diagnostic and prognostic model. J Clin Med 14(23):8437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14238437","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10345_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3302","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093302","volume":"12","author":"B Di Lorenzo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Di Lorenzo B, Pau MC, Zinellu E, Mangoni AA, Paliogiannis P et al (2023) Association between red blood cell distribution width and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med 12(9):3302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12093302","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10345_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.10.121","volume":"257","author":"GR Geovanini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Geovanini GR, Wang R, Weng J, Tracy R, Jenny NS et al (2018) Elevations in neutrophils with obstructive sleep apnea: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Int J Cardiol 257:318\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.10.121","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10345_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2015.06.005","volume":"67","author":"J Oyama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oyama J, Nagatomo D, Yoshioka G et al (2016) The relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, endothelial function, and severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Cardiol 67(3):295\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjcc.2015.06.005","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10345_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8398","volume":"16","author":"T Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li T, Covassin N, Tan L, Ren R, Zhang Y et al (2020) Sex-specific associations between erythrocyte measures and obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 16(7):1063\u20131072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.8398","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10345_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.11.013","volume":"47","author":"J Gaines","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gaines J, Vgontzas AN, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Kritikou I, Basta M, Bixler EO (2015) Gender differences in the association of sleep apnea and inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 47:211\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.11.013","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"9","key":"10345_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0162953","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162953","volume":"11","author":"Y Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhao G et al (2016) Difference in leukocyte composition between women before and after menopausal age, and distinct sexual dimorphism. PLoS ONE 11(9):e0162953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0162953","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"10345_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201802-121OC","volume":"15","author":"GR Geovanini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Geovanini GR, Wang R, Weng J, Jenny NS, Shea S et al (2018) Association between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular risk factors: variation by age, sex, and race. Ann Am Thorac Soc 15(8):970\u2013977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201802-121OC","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10345_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-016-0980-6","volume":"69","author":"D Atan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Atan D, Sazak Kundi FC, Ozcan KM, Dere H (2017) A new predictor for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: monocyte to HDL ratio. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 69(2):142\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12070-016-0980-6","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10345_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15821","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95095-3","volume":"11","author":"M Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun M, Liang C, Lin H, Meng Y, Tang Q et al (2021) Monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio as a marker of the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea in hypertensive patients. Sci Rep 11:15821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-95095-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10345_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/arm93050042","volume":"93","author":"M Yesildag","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yesildag M, Bekci TT (2025) Usefulness of blood biomarkers in screening patients with obstructive sleep apnea: could albumin indices and uric acid-to-HDL ratio be new OSAS severity indices? Adv Respir Med 93(5):42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/arm93050042","journal-title":"Adv Respir Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10345_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-024-08729-3","volume":"281","author":"M Karacan Golen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karacan Golen M, Isik SM, Arikan V (2024) Association of systemic immune-inflammation index with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 281(9):5007\u20135013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-024-08729-3","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10345_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.5505\/achmedj.2023.58066","volume":"3","author":"FC Sazak Kundi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sazak Kundi FC, Yurtsever Kum N, Gunduz O, Kayali Dinc AS, Kum RO et al (2023) Association of systemic immune-inflammation index with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. ACH Med J 3:152\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5505\/achmedj.2023.58066","journal-title":"ACH Med J"},{"key":"10345_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15162091","volume":"15","author":"S Shahul","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shahul S, Chaya SK, Khader MS, Lokesh KS, Khan SA et al (2025) A retrospective study on the association of the systemic inflammatory response index in predicting the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Diagnostics 15:209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15162091","journal-title":"Diagnostics"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10345-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10345-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10345-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T20:02:04Z","timestamp":1792526524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10345-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-026-10345-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-4477","1434-4726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-4477","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-4726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}