{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:13:07Z","timestamp":1792782787552,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Lausanne","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019whta54","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the long-term outcomes, safety, and feasibility of balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube (BDET) performed under local anesthesia in patients with baro-challenge-induced and obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective observational cohort study included 65 adult patients (89 ears) undergoing in-office BDET under local anesthesia between May 2020 and June 2023. Symptoms were assessed using the 7-item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). Clinical examination, Valsalva maneuver, tympanometry, and pure-tone audiometry were additionally evaluated when available. Follow-up was performed at 3, 12, and 24 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-seven patients had baro-challenge-induced ETD and 28 had obstructive ETD (OETD). All 65 patients underwent BDET under local anesthesia, with a mean intraoperative pain score of 5\/10. Mean ETDQ-7 scores improved significantly in the overall cohort (p &lt; 0.0001), with improvement maintained at 12 and 24 months. Improvement was significant in baro-challenge-induced ETD but not in OETD. Subjective ability to perform the Valsalva maneuver improved significantly in both groups, while air-conduction thresholds improved significantly in the baro-challenge group. One self-limiting cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema occurred, with no major complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In-office BDET under local anesthesia is a safe and feasible treatment for ETD, with symptomatic improvement maintained for up to 24 months. Patients with baro-challenge-induced ETD appear to benefit most, whereas outcomes in OETD are more variable. These findings highlight the importance of appropriate patient selection and counseling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-026-10586-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:25:47Z","timestamp":1789604747000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term outcomes of balloon dilation of the eustachian tube under local anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6427-3102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean C.","family":"Sheppard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Balvanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4305-2658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Fehre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6276-1997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Lotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1186-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urs","family":"Borner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6927-0664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Anschuetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"10586_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12475","volume":"40","author":"AGM Schilder","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schilder AGM, Bhutta MF, Butler CC, Holy C, Levine LH, Kvaerner KJ, Norman G, Pennings RJ, Poe D, Silvola JT, Sudhoff H, Lund VJ (2015) Eustachian tube dysfunction: consensus statement on definition, types, clinical presentation and diagnosis. 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