{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T22:15:06Z","timestamp":1778019306636,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/2.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,4]],"date-time":"2009-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-008-0831-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,4]],"date-time":"2009-02-04T13:26:24Z","timestamp":1233753984000},"page":"28-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Comorbid substance abuse and brain morphology in recent-onset psychosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"259","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Wobrock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Sittinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Behrendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"D\u2019Amelio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Falkai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl. 33","key":"831_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000297791","volume":"172","author":"J Addington","year":"1998","unstructured":"Addington J, Addington D (1998) Effect of substance misuse in early psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 172(Suppl. 33):134\u2013136","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"831_CR2","first-page":"53","volume":"155","author":"NC Andreasen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Andreasen NC (1989) Scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS). Br J Psychiatry 155(Suppl 7):53\u201358","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00027-2","volume":"31","author":"NC Andreasen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Andreasen NC (2000) Schizophrenia: the fundamental questions. Brain Res Rev 31:106\u2013112","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"831_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.11.1457","volume":"147","author":"PE Barta","year":"1990","unstructured":"Barta PE, Pearlson GD, Powers RE, Richards SS, Tune LE (1990) Auditory hallucinations and smaller superior temporal gyral volume in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 147:1457\u20131462","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-002-0366-5","volume":"252","author":"G Bersani","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bersani G, Orlandi V, Kotzalidis GD, Pancheri P (2002) Cannabis and schizophrenia: impact on onset, course, psychopathology and outcomes. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 252:86\u201392","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"831_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200002280-00013","volume":"11","author":"RI Block","year":"2000","unstructured":"Block RI, O\u2019Leary DS, Ehrhardt JC, Augustinack JC, Ghoneim MM, Arndt S, Hall JA (2000) Effects of frequent marijuana use on brain tissue volumes and composition. Neuroreport 11:491\u2013596","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"831_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(90)90013-W","volume":"3","author":"B Bogerts","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bogerts B, Falkai P, Haupts M, Greve B, Ernst S, Tapernon-Franz U, Heinzmann U (1990) Post-mortem volume measurements of limbic system and basal ganglia structures in chronic schizophrenics. Initial results from a new brain collection. Schizophr Res 3:295\u2013301","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"831_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(01)00249-3","volume":"54","author":"B B\u00fchler","year":"2002","unstructured":"B\u00fchler B, Hambrecht M, L\u00f6ffler W, van der Heiden W, H\u00e4fner H (2002) Precipitation and determination of the onset and course of schizophrenia by substance abuse\u2013a retrospective and prospective study of 232 population-based first illness episodes. Schizophr Res 54(3):243\u2013251","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"831_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.11.1002","volume":"59","author":"W Cahn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cahn W, Hulshoff Pol HE, Lems EBT, van Haren NEM, Schnack HG, van der Linden JA, Schothorst PF, van Engeland H, Kahn RS (2002) Brain volume changes in first-episode schizophrenia. A 1-year follow-up study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59:1002\u20131010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2\/3","key":"831_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(03)00003-3","volume":"67","author":"W Cahn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cahn W, Hulshoff Pol HE, Caspers E, van Haren NE, Schnack HG, Kahn RS (2004) Cannabis and brain morphology in recent-onset schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 67(2\/3):305\u2013307","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"831_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(00)00114-6","volume":"48","author":"E Cantor-Graae","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cantor-Graae E, Nordstrom LG, McNeil TF (2001) Substance abuse in schizophrenia: a review of the literature and a study of correlates in Sweden. Schizophr Res 48:69\u201382","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"831_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.174.2.150","volume":"174","author":"R Cantwell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cantwell R, Brewin J, Glazebrook C, Dalkin T, Fox R, Medley I, Harrison G (1999) Prevalence of substance misuse in first-episode psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 174:150\u2013153","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060050064","volume":"249","author":"D Caspari","year":"1999","unstructured":"Caspari D (1999) Cannabis and schizophrenia: results of a follow-up study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 249:45\u201349","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"831_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2003.00134.x","volume":"108","author":"SE Chua","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chua SE, Lam IW, Tai KS, Cheung C, Tang WN, Chen EY, Lee PW, Chan FL, Lieh-Mak F, McKenna PJ (2003) Brain morphological abnormality in schizophrenia is independent of country of origin. Acta Psychiatr Scand 108(4):269\u2013275","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"831_CR15","first-page":"26","volume":"52","author":"JM Cleghorn","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cleghorn JM, Kaplan RD, Szechtman B, Szechtman H, Brown GM, Franco S (1991) Substance abuse and schizophrenia: effects on symptoms but not on neurocognitive function. J Clin Psychiatry 52:26\u201330","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR16","first-page":"247","volume":"44","author":"BJ Cuffel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cuffel BJ, Heithoff KA, Lawson W (1993) Correlates of patterns of substance abuse among patients with schizophrenia. Hosp Com Psychiatry 44:247\u2013251","journal-title":"Hosp Com Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR17","first-page":"224","volume":"14","author":"L Dixon","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dixon L, Haas G, Weiden PJ, Sweeney J, Frances AJ (1991) Drug abuse in schizophrenic patients: clinical correlates and reasons for use. Am J Psychiatry 14:224\u2013230","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033429","volume":"26","author":"RE Drake","year":"2000","unstructured":"Drake RE, Mueser KT (2000) Psychosocial approaches to dual diagnosis. Schizophr Bull 26:105\u2013118","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"831_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.179.6.509","volume":"179","author":"PJ Duke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Duke PJ, Pantelis C, McPhillips MA, Barnes TR (2001) Comorbid non-alcohol substance misuse among people with schizophrenia: epidemiological study in central London. Br J Psychiatry 179:509\u2013513","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"831_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.1.116","volume":"158","author":"U Ettinger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ettinger U, Chitnis XA, Kumari V, Fannon DG, Sumich AL, O\u2019Ceallaigh S, Doku VC, Sharma T (2001) Magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamus in first-episode psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 158(1):116\u2013118","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"831_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01269-0","volume":"51","author":"TR Franklin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Franklin TR, Acton PD, Maldjian JA, Gray JD, Croft JR, Dackis CA, O\u2019Brien CP, Childress AR (2002) Decreased gray matter concentration in the insular, orbitofrontal, cingulate, and temporal cortices of cocaine patients. Biol Psychiatry 51(2):134\u2013142","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(87)90091-1","volume":"25","author":"AM Galaburda","year":"1987","unstructured":"Galaburda AM, Corsiglia J, Rosen GD, Sherman GF (1987) Planum temporale asymmetry: reappraisal since Geschwind and Levitsky. Neuropsychologia 25:853\u2013868","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"831_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.4.618","volume":"158","author":"AR Gilbert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gilbert AR, Rosenberg DR, Harenski K, Spencer S, Sweeney JA, Keshavan MS (2001) Thalamic volumes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 158(4):618\u2013624","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.8.1119-a","volume":"149","author":"HH Goldman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Goldman HH, Skodal AE, Lave TR (1992) Revising axis V for DSM-IV: a review of measures of social functioning. Am J Psychiatry 149:1148\u20131156","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"831_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270170023","volume":"36","author":"HL Graham","year":"2001","unstructured":"Graham HL, Maslin J, Copello A, Birchwood M, Mueser K, McGovern D, Georgiou G (2001) Drug and alcohol problems amongst individuals with severe mental health problems in an inner city area of the UK. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 36(9):448\u2013455","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"831_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.2.145","volume":"55","author":"RE Gur","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gur RE, Cowell P, Turetsky BI, Gallacher F, Cannon T, Bilker W, Gur RC (1998) A follow-up magnetic resonance imaging study of schizophrenia. Relationship of neuroanatomical changes to clinical and neurobehavioral measures. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55(2):145\u2013152","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"831_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.8.769","volume":"57","author":"RE Gur","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gur RE, Turetsky BI, Cowell PE, Finkelman C, Maany V, Grossman RI, Arnold SE, Bilker WB, Gur RC (2000) Temporolimbic volume reductions in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57(8):769\u2013775","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guy W, Bonato RR (eds) (1976) CGI. Clinical global impressions. Manual for the EDCEU assessment battery, Rev edn. Chevy Chase, Maryland, pp 12\u20131\u201312\u20136","DOI":"10.1037\/t48216-000"},{"issue":"3","key":"831_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1991.tb00540.x","volume":"15","author":"TL Jernigan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jernigan TL, Butters N, DiTraglia G, Schafer K, Smith T, Irwin M, Grant I, Schuckit M, Cermak LS (1991) Reduced cerebral grey matter observed in alcoholics using magnetic resonance imaging. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 15(3):418\u2013427","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"831_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01368-3","volume":"51","author":"CC Joyal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Joyal CC, Laakso MP, Tiihonen J, Syvalahti E, Vilkman H, Laakso A, Alakare B, Rakkolainen V, Salokangas RK, Hietala J (2002) A volumetric MRI study of the entorhinal cortex in first episode neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 51(12):1005\u20131007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.6.774","volume":"155","author":"MS Keshavan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Keshavan MS, Rosenberg D, Sweeney JA, Pettegrew JW (1998) Decreased caudate volume in neuroleptic-na\u00efve psychotic patients. Am J Psychiatry 155:774\u2013778","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/23.2.195","volume":"23","author":"B Kovasznay","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kovasznay B, Fleischer J, Tanenberg-Karant M, Jandorf L, Miller AD, Bromet E (1997) Substance use disorder and the early course of illness in schizophrenia and affective psychosis. Schizophr Bull 23:195\u2013201","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"831_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n1007","volume":"63","author":"JP Lacro","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lacro JP, Dunn LB, Dolder CR, Leckband SG, Jeste DV (2002) Prevalence of and risk factors for medication nonadherence in patients with schizophrenia: a comprehensive review of recent literature. J Clin Psychiatry 63:892\u2013909","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR34","volume-title":"Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Intelligenztest. B-version","author":"S Lehrl","year":"1977","unstructured":"Lehrl S (1977) Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Intelligenztest. B-version. Erlangen, Straube"},{"key":"831_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950040017002","volume":"51","author":"DH Linszen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Linszen DH, Dingemans PM, Lenior ME (1994) Cannabis abuse and course of recent-onset schizophrenic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:273\u2013279","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"831_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.3.245","volume":"60","author":"DH Mathalon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mathalon DH, Pfefferbaum A, Lim KO, Rosenbloom MJ, Sullivan EV (2003) Compounded brain volume deficits in schizophrenia-alcoholism comorbidity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60(3):245\u2013252","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.06.011","volume":"77","author":"JA Matochik","year":"2005","unstructured":"Matochik JA, Eldreth DA, Cadet JL, Bolla KI (2005) Altered brain tissue composition in heavy marijuana users. Drug Alcohol Depend 77:23\u201330","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"2\/3","key":"831_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.02.011","volume":"72","author":"SA Mitelman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mitelman SA, Shihabuddin L, Brickman AM, Hazlett EA, Buchsbaum MS (2005) Volume of the cingulate and outcome in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 72(2\/3):91\u2013108","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"831_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0615-5","volume":"256","author":"V Molina","year":"2006","unstructured":"Molina V, Sanz J, Sarramea F, Luque R, Benito C, Palomo T (2006) Dorsolateral prefrontal and superior temporal volume deficits in first-episode psychoses that evolve into schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 256(2):106\u2013111","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"831_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","volume":"134","author":"SA Montgomery","year":"1979","unstructured":"Montgomery SA, Asberg M (1979) A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 134: 382\u2013389","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/16.1.31","volume":"16","author":"KT Mueser","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mueser KT, Yarnold PR, Levinson DR, Singh H, Bellack AS, Kee K, Morrison RL, Yadalam DG (1990) Prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia: demographic and clinical correlates. Schizophr Bull 16:31\u201356","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"831_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(98)00073-2","volume":"23","author":"KT Mueser","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mueser KT, Drake RE, Wallach MA (1998) Dual diagnosis: a review of etiological theories. Addict Behav 23:717\u2013734","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"831_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.5.433","volume":"55","author":"MD Nelson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nelson MD, Saykin AJ, Flashman LA, Riordan HJ (1998) Hippocampal volume reduction in schizophrenia as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analytic study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55(5):433\u2013440","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR44","volume-title":"SPSS 10.0 guide to data analysis","author":"MJ Norusis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Norusis MJ (2000) SPSS 10.0 guide to data analysis. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey"},{"key":"831_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999009001572","volume":"16","author":"AA Olivera","year":"1990","unstructured":"Olivera AA, Kiefer MW, Manley NK (1990) Tardive dyskinesia in psychiatric patients with substance abuse. Am J Alcohol Abuse 16:57\u201366","journal-title":"Am J Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"831_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.10.3.799-812","volume":"10","author":"JD Overall","year":"1962","unstructured":"Overall JD, Gorham DR (1962) The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychol Rep 10:799\u2013812","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"831_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1992.tb01456.x","volume":"85","author":"V Peralta","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peralta V, Cuesta MJ (1992) Influence of cannabis abuse on schizophrenic psychopathology. Acta Psychiatr Scand 85:127\u2013130","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"831_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2006.18.3.318","volume":"18","author":"J Quickfall","year":"2006","unstructured":"Quickfall J, Crockford D (2006) Brain neuroimaging in cannabis use: a review. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 18:318\u2013332","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"831_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798007399","volume":"28","author":"J Rabinowitz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rabinowitz J, Bromet EJ, Lavelle J, Carlson G, Kovasznay B, Schwartz JE (1998) Prevalence and severity of substance use disorders and onset of psychosis in first-admission psychotic patients. Psychol Med 28(6):1411\u20131419","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"831_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07071110","volume":"165","author":"M Rais","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rais M, Cahn W, Van Haren N, Schnack H, Caspers E, Hulshoff Pol H, Kahn R (2008) Excessive brain volume loss over time in cannabis-using first-episode schizophrenia patients. Am J Psychiatry 165:490\u2013496","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"831_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033338","volume":"24","author":"P Rasanen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rasanen P, Tiihonen J, Isohanni M, Rantakallio P, Lehtonen J, Moring J (1998) Schizophrenia, alcohol abuse, and violent behavior: a 26-year followup study of an unselected birth cohort. Schizophr Bull 24(3):437\u2013441","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"831_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.264.19.2511","volume":"264","author":"DA Regier","year":"1990","unstructured":"Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, Locke BZ, Keith SJ, Judd LL, Goodwin FK (1990) Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: results form the epidemiologic catchment area (ECA) study. JAMA 264:2511\u20132518","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"831_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2000.61.916","volume":"61","author":"A Scheurich","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scheurich A, M\u00fcller MJ, Wetzel H Scheurich A, Muller MJ, Wetzel H, Anghelescu I, Klawe C, Ruppe A, Lorch B, Himmerich H, Heidenreich M, Schmid G, Hautzinger M, Szegedi A (2000) Reliability and validity of the German version of the European addiction severity index (EuropASI). J Stud Alcohol 61:916\u2013919","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol"},{"issue":"2","key":"831_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145705005705","volume":"9","author":"TE Schlaepfer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schlaepfer TE, Lancaster E, Heidbreder R, Strain EC, Kosel M, Fisch HU, Pearlson GD (2006) Decreased frontal white-matter volume in chronic substance abuse. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 9(2):147\u2013153","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"831_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.10.1464","volume":"152","author":"MR Serper","year":"1995","unstructured":"Serper MR, Alpert M, Richardson WA, Dickson S, Allen MH, Werner A (1995) Clinical effects of recent cocaine use on patients with acute schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 152:1464\u20131469","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199010000-00005","volume":"178","author":"S Sevy","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sevy S, Kay SR, Opler LA, van Praag HM (1990) Significance of cocaine history in schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 178:642\u2013648","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"831_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199208273270905","volume":"327","author":"ME Shenton","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shenton ME, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA, Pollak SD, LeMay M, Wible CG, Hokama H, Martin J, Metcalf D, Coleman M, McCarley RW (1992) Abnormalities of the left temporal lobe and thought disorder in schizophrenia: a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study. N Engl J Med 327: 604\u2013612","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"831_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(01)00163-3","volume":"49","author":"ME Shenton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shenton ME, Dickey CC, Frumin M, McCarley RW (2001) A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 49:1\u201352","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"831_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02190250","volume":"242","author":"M Soyka","year":"1993","unstructured":"Soyka M, Albus M, Kathmann N, Finelli A, Hofstetter S, Holzbach R, Immler B, Sand P (1993) Prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse in schizophrenia inpatients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 242: 272\u2013362","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"831_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.4.345","volume":"176","author":"M Soyka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Soyka M (2000) Substance misuse, psychiatric disorder and violent and disturbed behaviour. Br J Psychiatry 176:345\u2013350","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060170032","volume":"251","author":"M Soyka","year":"2001","unstructured":"Soyka M, Albus M, Immler B, Kathmann N, Hippius H (2001) Psychopathology in dual diagnosis and non-addicted schizophrenics\u2014are there differences? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 251:232\u2013238","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"831_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(95)00068-2","volume":"20","author":"CD Swofford","year":"1996","unstructured":"Swofford CD, Kasckow JW, Scheller-Gilkey G, Inderbitzin LB (1996) Substance use: a powerful predictor of relapse in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 20(1\/2):145\u2013151","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"831_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.12.2190","volume":"160","author":"PR Szeszko","year":"2003","unstructured":"Szeszko PR, Goldberg E, Gunduz-Bruce H, Ashtari M, Robinson D, Malhotra AK, Lencz T, Bates J, Crandall DT, Kane JM, Bilder RM (2003) Smaller anterior hippocampal formation volume in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 160(12):2190\u20132197","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.024521","volume":"190","author":"PR Szeszko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Szeszko PR, Robinson D, Sevy S, Kumra S, Rupp CI, Betensky JD, Lencz T, Ashtari M, Kane JM, Malhotra AK, Gunduz-Bruce H, Napolitano B, Bilder RM (2007) Anterior cingulate grey-matter deficits and cannabis use in first-episode schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 190:230\u2013236","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(02)00381-X","volume":"58","author":"EF Torrey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Torrey EF (2002) Studies of individuals with schizophrenia never treated with antipsychotic medications: a review. Schizophr Res 58:101\u2013115","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"831_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490590899862","volume":"14","author":"GK Tzilos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tzilos GK, Cintron CB, Wood JB, Simpson NS, Young AD, Pope HG Jr, Yurgelun-Todd DA (2005) Lack of hippocampal volume change in long-term heavy cannabis users. Am J Addict 14(1):64\u201372","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"831_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.9.1743","volume":"42","author":"C Watson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Watson C, Andermann F, Gloor P, Jones-Gotman M, Peters T, Evans A, Olivier A, Melanson D, Leroux G (1992) Anatomic basis of amygdaloid and hippocampal volume measurement by magnetic resonance imaging. Neurology 42:1743\u20131750","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"831_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v19n01_01","volume":"19","author":"W Wilson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wilson W, Mathew R, Turkington T, Hawk T, Coleman RE, Provenzale J (2000) Brain morphological changes and early marijuana use: a magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography study. J Addict Dis 19(1):1\u201322","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"key":"831_CR69","first-page":"221","volume":"67\/1S","author":"T Wobrock","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wobrock T, Sittinger H, Falkai P, Behrendt B, Caspari D (2004) Comorbid substance abuse in recent-onset schizophrenia: brain morphology and neuropsychological evaluation. Schizophr Res 67\/1S:221","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"831_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-006-0707-x","volume":"257","author":"T Wobrock","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wobrock T, Sittinger H, Behrendt B, D\u2019Amelio R, Falkai P, Caspari D (2007) Comorbid substance abuse and neurocognitive function in recent-onset schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 257(4):203\u2013210","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"831_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.157.1.16","volume":"157","author":"IC Wright","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wright IC, Rabe-Hesketh S, Woodruff PWR, David AS, Murray RM, Bullmore ET (2000) Meta-analysis of regional brain volumes in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 157:16\u201325","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"831_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7374.1199","volume":"325","author":"S Zammit","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zammit S, Allebeck P, Andreasson S, Lundberg I, Lewis G (2002) Self reported cannabis use as a risk factor for schizophrenia in Swedish conscripts of 1969: historical cohort study. BMJ 325: 1199","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-008-0831-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00406-008-0831-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-008-0831-x.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-008-0831-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T11:11:35Z","timestamp":1738926695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00406-008-0831-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-008-0831-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-1334","1433-8491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-1334","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 January 2008","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2008","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2009","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}