{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:11:59Z","timestamp":1790709119023,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,30]],"date-time":"2009-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1256860800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-009-0065-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,29]],"date-time":"2009-10-29T07:11:23Z","timestamp":1256800283000},"page":"155-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Mechanism of action in CBT (MAC): methods of a multi-center randomized controlled trial in 369 patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"259","author":[{"given":"A. T.","family":"Gloster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. U.","family":"Wittchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Einsle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"H\u00f6fler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Helbig-Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Fydrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Fehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. O.","family":"Hamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. W.","family":"Alpers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. L.","family":"Gerlach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Str\u00f6hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Deckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Zwanzger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Arolt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"65_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.11.009","volume":"22","author":"GW Alpers","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alpers GW, Sell R (2008) And yet they correlate: psychophysiological measures predict the outcome of exposure therapy in claustrophobia. J Anxiety Disord 22:1101\u20131109","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"65_CR2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistic manual of mental disorders, text revision","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistic manual of mental disorders, text revision, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC","edition":"4"},{"key":"65_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1026\/1616-3443.37.3.161","volume":"37","author":"F Andor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andor F, Gl\u00f6ckner-Rist A, Gerlach AL, Rist F (2008) Symptomspezifische Subgruppen der Panikst\u00f6rung. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie 37:161\u2013171","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie"},{"key":"65_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2008.00137.x","volume":"15","author":"JJ Arch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Arch JJ, Craske MG (2008) Acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: different treatments, similar mechanisms? Clin Psychol Sci Pract 15:263\u2013279","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci Pract"},{"key":"65_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2009.05.001","volume":"32","author":"JJ Arch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arch JJ, Craske MG (2009) First-line treatment: a critical appraisal of cognitive behavioral therapy developments and alternatives. Psychiatr Clin North America 32:525\u2013547","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North America"},{"key":"65_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-7229(05)80036-7","volume":"12","author":"S Baker-Morrissette","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baker-Morrissette S, Spiegel DA, Heinrichs N (2005) Sensation-focused intensive treatment for panic disorder with moderate to severe agoraphobia. Cogn Behav Pract 12:17\u201329","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Pract"},{"key":"65_CR7","volume-title":"Panic and agoraphobia scale (PAS)","author":"B Bandelow","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bandelow B (1999) Panic and agoraphobia scale (PAS). Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, Ashland"},{"key":"65_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.19.2529","volume":"283","author":"DH Barlow","year":"2000","unstructured":"Barlow DH, Gorman JM, Shear MK, Woods SW (2000) Cognitive-behavioral therapy, imipramine, or their combination for panic disorder\u2014a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 283:2529\u20132536","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"65_CR9","volume-title":"Manual for the BDI-II","author":"AT Beck","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK (1996) Manual for the BDI-II. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio"},{"key":"65_CR10","unstructured":"Bl\u00fcmel I, Jansen A, Kellermann T, Sch\u00fcppen A, Kohn N, Gerlach A et al. (2009) Neural correlates of aversive conditioning (submitted)"},{"key":"65_CR11","unstructured":"Bond FW, Hayes SC, Baer RA, Carpenter KM, Orcutt HK, Waltz T et al. (2007) Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire\u2014II: a revised measure of psychological flexibility and acceptance (in review)"},{"key":"65_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90140-8","volume":"23","author":"DL Chambless","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chambless DL (1985) The mobility inventory for agoraphobia. Behav Res Ther 23:35\u201344","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"65_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.52.6.1090","volume":"52","author":"DL Chambless","year":"1984","unstructured":"Chambless DL, Caputo GC, Bright P, Gallagher R (1984) Assessment of fear of fear in agoraphobics: the body sensations questionnaire and the agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire. J Consult Clin Psychol 52:1090\u20131097","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"65_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","volume":"35","author":"CL Craig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE et al (2003) International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:1381\u20131395","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"65_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780195311341.001.0001","volume-title":"Mastery of your anxiety and panic","author":"MG Craske","year":"2007","unstructured":"Craske MG, Barlow DH (2007) Mastery of your anxiety and panic. University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"65_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.10.003","volume":"46","author":"MG Craske","year":"2008","unstructured":"Craske MG, Kircanski K, Zelikowsky M, Mystkowski J, Chowdhury N, Baker A (2008) Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy. Behav Res Ther 46:5\u201327","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"65_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1348\/0144665031752934","volume":"43","author":"JR Crawford","year":"2004","unstructured":"Crawford JR, Henry JD (2004) The positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS): construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 43:245\u2013265","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"65_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.61.8.741","volume":"61","author":"M Davis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Davis M (2006) Neural systems involved in fear and anxiety measured with fear-potentiated startle. Am Psychol 61:741\u2013756","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"65_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.4.621","volume":"8","author":"J Deckert","year":"1999","unstructured":"Deckert J, Catalano M, Syagailo Y, Bosi M, Okladnova O, Di Bella D et al (1999) Excess of high activity monoamine oxidase A gene promoter alleles in female patients with panic disorder. Hum Mol Genet 8:621\u2013624","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"65_CR20","volume-title":"Brief symptom inventory (BSI) administration, scoring, and procedures manual","author":"LR Derogatis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Derogatis LR (1993) Brief symptom inventory (BSI) administration, scoring, and procedures manual, 3rd edn. National Computer Systems, Minneapolis","edition":"3"},{"key":"65_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145705005869","volume":"9","author":"K Domschke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Domschke K, Braun M, Ohrmann P, Suslow T, Kugel H, Bauer J et al (2006) Association of the functional -1019C\/G 5-HT1A polymorphism with prefrontal and amygdala activation measured with 3T fMRI in panic disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 9:349\u2013355","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"65_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30629","volume":"147B","author":"K Domschke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Domschke K, Hohoff C, Jacob C, Maier W, Fritze J, Bandelow B et al (2008) Chromosome 4q31-34 panic disorder risk locus: association of neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor variants. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 147B:510\u2013516","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"65_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2007.04.016","volume":"163","author":"K Domschke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Domschke K, Ohrmann P, Braun M, Suslow T, Bauer J, Hohoff C et al (2008) Influence of the catechol-O-methyltransferase val158met genotype on amygdala and prefrontal cortex emotional processing in panic disorder. Psychiatry Res 163:13\u201320","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"65_CR24","unstructured":"Gloster A, Einsle F, Lang T, Hauke T, Wittchen H-U (2009) The therapist adherence and competency rating scales for panic disorder with agoraphobia (in preparation)"},{"key":"65_CR25","unstructured":"Gloster AT, Klotsche J, Helbig S, Einsle F, Lang T, Hummel K et al. (2009) Expanding the assessment domain in agoraphobia: mobility inventory-expanded (MI-E) and mobility inventory 7-day (MI-7) versions (in preparation)"},{"key":"65_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.4.493","volume":"157","author":"JM Gorman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gorman JM, Kent JM, Sullivan GM, Coplan JD (2000) Neuroanatomical hypothesis of panic disorder, revised. Am J Psychiatry 157:493\u2013505","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"65_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.2.148","volume":"146","author":"JM Gorman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gorman JM, Liebowitz MR, Fyer AJ, Stein J (1989) A neuroanatomical hypothesis for panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 146:148\u2013161","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"65_CR28","first-page":"217","volume-title":"ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology, revised","author":"W Guy","year":"1976","unstructured":"Guy W (1976) Clinical global impression. In: Guy W (ed) ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology, revised. National Insitute of Mental Health, Rockville, pp 217\u2013222"},{"key":"65_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","volume":"32","author":"M Hamilton","year":"1959","unstructured":"Hamilton M (1959) The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol 32:50\u201355","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"key":"65_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2008.00139.x","volume":"15","author":"SC Hayes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hayes SC (2008) Climbing our hills: a beginning conversation on the comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy and traditional cognitive behavioral therapy. Clin Psychol Sci Pract 15:286\u2013295","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci Pract"},{"key":"65_CR31","first-page":"34","volume-title":"Oxford handbook of anxiety and related disorders","author":"SG Hofmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hofmann SG, Alpers GW, Pauli P (2009) Phenomenology of panic and phobic disorders. In: Antony MM, Stein MB (eds) Oxford handbook of anxiety and related disorders. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 34\u201346"},{"key":"65_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.01.011","volume":"47","author":"R Hueweler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hueweler R, Kandil FI, Alpers GW, Gerlach AL (2009) The impact of visual flow stimuli on anxiety, dizziness, and body sway in persons with and without fear of heights. Behav Res Therapy 47:345\u2013352","journal-title":"Behav Res Therapy"},{"key":"65_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012587421-2\/50011-9","volume-title":"Handbook of exposure therapies","author":"EI Koch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Koch EI, Gloster AT, Waller SA (2007) Exposure treatments for panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. In: Richard DCS, Lauterbach DL (eds) Handbook of exposure therapies. Elsevier, Burlington, pp 221\u2013245"},{"key":"65_CR34","unstructured":"Lang T, Helbig-Lang S, Westphal D, Gloster AT, Wittchen HU (2009) Kognitiv-behaviorale Behandlung der Panikst\u00f6rung mit Agoraphobie. Ein Therapiemanual. Hogrefe, G\u00f6ttingen"},{"key":"65_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02280.x","volume":"20","author":"TB Lonsdorf","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lonsdorf TB, Weike AI, Nikamo P, Schalling M, Hamm AO, \u00d6hman A (2009) Genetic gating of human fear learning and extinction\u2013Possible implications for gene-environment interaction in anxiety disorder. Psychol Sci 20:198\u2013206","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"65_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McHugh RK, Smits JAJ, Otto MW (2009) Empirically supported treatments for panic disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2009.05.005"},{"key":"65_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.07.002","volume":"46","author":"CA Melzig","year":"2008","unstructured":"Melzig CA, Michalowski JM, Holtz K, Hamm AO (2008) Anticipation of interoceptive threat in highly anxiety sensitive persons. Behav Res Ther 46:1126\u20131134","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"65_CR38","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Konfrontationstherapie bei psychischen St\u00f6rungen","author":"P Neudeck","year":"2005","unstructured":"Neudeck P, Wittchen H-U (2005) Die Vernachl\u00e4ssigung der Expositionsverfahren- ein Versto\u00df gegen die Regeln der Kunst!. In: Neudeck P, Wittchen H-U (eds) Konfrontationstherapie bei psychischen St\u00f6rungen. Hogrefe, G\u00f6ttingen, pp 7\u201314"},{"key":"65_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rabin R, de Charro F (1999, 2001) EQ-5D: a measure of health status from the EuroQol Group. Paper presented at the 12th Medical Symposium of the Yrjo-Jahnsson-Foundation, Finland","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890109002087"},{"key":"65_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(01)00064-0","volume":"15","author":"AS Radomsky","year":"1999","unstructured":"Radomsky AS, Rachman S, Thordarsona DS, McIsaaca HK, Teachman BA (1999) The claustrophobia questionnaire. J Anxiety Disord 15:287\u2013297","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"65_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(86)90143-9","volume":"24","author":"S Reiss","year":"1986","unstructured":"Reiss S, Peterson RA, Gursky DM, McNally RJ (1986) Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the prediction of fearfulness. Behav Res Therapy 24:1\u20138","journal-title":"Behav Res Therapy"},{"key":"65_CR42","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Handbook of exposure therapies","author":"DCS Richard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Richard DCS, Lauterbach D, Gloster AT (2007) Description, mechanisms of action, and assessment. In: Richard DCS, Lauterbach DL (eds) Handbook of exposure therapies. Elsevier, Burlington, pp 1\u201328"},{"key":"65_CR43","volume-title":"Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference","author":"WR Shadish","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shadish WR, Cook TD, Campbell DT (2002) Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Houghton-Mifflin, Boston"},{"issue":"4","key":"65_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1033","volume":"13","author":"MK Shear","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shear MK, Vander Bilt J, Rucci P, Endicott J, Lydiard B, Otto MW et al (2001) Reliability and validity of a structured interview guide for the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (SIGH-A). Depress Anxiety 13(4):166\u2013178","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"65_CR45","volume-title":"The anxiety disease","author":"DV Sheehan","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sheehan DV (1983) The anxiety disease. Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons, New York"},{"key":"65_CR46","first-page":"xix","volume":"32","author":"H-U Wittchen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wittchen H-U, Gloster AT (2009) Developments in the treatment and diagnosis of anxiety disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 32:xix\u2013xiii","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"65_CR47","volume-title":"DIA-X Interview. Instruktionsmanual zur Durchf\u00fchrung von DIA-X-Interviews (Instruction manual for the DIA-X-Interview)","author":"H-U Wittchen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wittchen H-U, Pfister H (1997) DIA-X Interview. Instruktionsmanual zur Durchf\u00fchrung von DIA-X-Interviews (Instruction manual for the DIA-X-Interview). Swets & Zeitlinger, Frankfurt"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-009-0065-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00406-009-0065-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-009-0065-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T09:47:33Z","timestamp":1685180853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00406-009-0065-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,30]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["65"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-009-0065-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-1334","1433-8491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-1334","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,30]]}}}