{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:21:57Z","timestamp":1786980117255,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-010-0121-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,30]],"date-time":"2010-06-30T13:21:19Z","timestamp":1277904079000},"page":"133-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["S100B and homocysteine in the acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"261","author":[{"given":"Dirk","family":"Wedekind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolin","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Falkai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berend","family":"Malchow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten Rita","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Jamrozinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Havemann-Reinecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"121_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb09795.x","volume":"61","author":"MC Mhatre","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mhatre MC, Pena G, Sieghart W, Ticku MK (1993) Antibodies specific for GABAA receptor alpha subunits reveal that chronic alcohol treatment down-regulates alpha-subunit-expression in rat brain regions. J Neurochem 61(5):1620\u20131625","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"121_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.6.726","volume":"155","author":"GE Tsai","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tsai GE, Ragan P, Chang R, Chen S, Linnoila VM, Coyle JT (1998) Increased glutamatergic neurotransmission and oxidative stress after alcohol withdrawal. Am J Psychiatry 155:726\u2013732","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"121_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00091-4","volume":"58","author":"JJ Kril","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kril JJ, Halliday GM (1998) Brain shrinkage in alcoholics: a decade on and what have we learned? Prog Neurobiol 58:381\u2013387","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"121_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.2.220","volume":"63","author":"ML Cravo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cravo ML, Gloria LM, Selhub J, Nadeau MR, Camilo ME, Resende MP, Cardoso JN, Leitao CN, Mira FC (1996) Hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic alcoholism: correlation with folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 status. Am J Clin Nutr 63(2):220\u2013224","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"121_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.3.501","volume":"73","author":"CH Halsted","year":"2001","unstructured":"Halsted CH (2001) Lifestyle effects on homocysteine and an alcohol paradox. Am J Clin Nutr 73(3):501\u2013502","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"121_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1993.tb00820.x","volume":"17","author":"B Hultberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hultberg B, Berglund M, Andersson A, Frank A (1993) Elevated plasma homocysteine in alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 17:687\u2013689","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"121_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.4.351","volume":"35","author":"S Bleich","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bleich S, Degner D, Wiltfang J, Maler JM, Niedmann P, Cohrs S, Mangholz A, Porzig J, Sprung R, R\u00fcther E, Kornhuber J (2000) Elevated homocysteine levels in alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol Alcohol 35:351\u2013354","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"121_CR8","first-page":"36","volume":"71","author":"S Bleich","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bleich S, Sperling W, Wiltfang J, Maler JM, Kornhuber J (2003) Excitatory neurotransmission in alcoholism. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 71(suppl 1):36\u201344","journal-title":"Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"121_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1214396","volume":"42","author":"S Bleich","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bleich S, Hillemacher T (2009) Homocysteine, alcoholism and its molecular networks. Pharmacopsychiatry 42(suppl 1):102\u2013109","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"121_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200008210-00028","volume":"11","author":"S Bleich","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bleich S, Degner D, Bandelow B, von Ahsen N, R\u00fcther E, Kornhuber J (2000) Plasma homocysteine is a predictor of alcohol withdrawal seizures. Neuroreport 11(12):2749\u20132752","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"121_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)01194-1","volume":"335","author":"S Bleich","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bleich S, Bandelow B, Javaheripour K, M\u00fcller A, Degner D, Wilhelm J, Havemann-Reinecke U, Sperling W, R\u00fcther E, Kornhuber J (2003) Hyperhomocysteinaemia as a new risk factor for brain shrinkage in patients with alcoholism. Neurosci Lett 335:179\u2013182","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"121_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5923","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.11.5923","volume":"94","author":"SA Lipton","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lipton SA, Kim WK, Choi YB, Kumar S, D\u2018Emilia DM, Rayudu PV, Arnelle DR, Stamler JS (1997) Neuro-toxicity associated with dual actions of homocysteine at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:5923\u20135928","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"121_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.5.2543","volume":"271","author":"J Hu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hu J, Castets F, Guevara JL, Van Eldik LJ (1996) S100B stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and mRNA levels in rat cortical astrocytes. J Biol Chemistry 271(5):2543\u20132547","journal-title":"J Biol Chemistry"},{"key":"121_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00160-R","volume":"677","author":"SW Barger","year":"1995","unstructured":"Barger SW, Van Eldik LJ, Mattson MP (1995) S100B protects hippocampal neurons from damage induced by glucose deprivation. Brain Res 677:167\u2013170","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"121_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890140303","volume":"14","author":"PM Whitacker-Azmitia","year":"1993","unstructured":"Whitacker-Azmitia PM, Clarke C, Azmitia EC (1993) Localization of 5HT1a receptors to astroglial cells in adult rats: Implications for neuronal-glial interactions and psychoactive drug mechanisms of action. Synapse 14:201\u2013205","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"issue":"14","key":"121_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50145-4","volume":"267","author":"SW Barger","year":"1992","unstructured":"Barger SW, Van Eldik LJ (1992) S100B stimulates calcium influxes in glial and neuronal cells. J Biol Chemistry 267(14):9689\u20139694","journal-title":"J Biol Chemistry"},{"key":"121_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-8-2","volume":"8","author":"J Steiner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Steiner J, Bernstein HG, Bielau H, Berndt A, Brisch R, Mawrin C, Keilhoff G, Bogerts B (2007) Evidence for a wide extra-astrocytic distribution of S100B in human brain. BMC Neurosci 8:2","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"121_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.1999.19440567.x","volume":"194","author":"N Shirasawa","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shirasawa N, Yamanouchi H (1999) Glucocorticoids induce glutamine synthetase in folliculostelate cells of rat pituitary glands in vivo and in vitro. J Anat 194:567\u2013577","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"121_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2005.11.006","volume":"41","author":"SH Ling","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ling SH, Tang YL, Jiang F, Wiste A, Guo SS, Weng YZ, Yang TS (2007) Plasma S-100B protein in Chinese patients with schizophrenia:comparison with healthy controls and effect of antipsychotics treatment. J Psychiatr Res 41(1\u20132):36\u201342","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"121_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.01.002","volume":"167","author":"ML Schroeter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schroeter ML, Abdul-Khaliq H, Krebs M, Diefenbacher A, Blasig IE (2009) Neuron-specific enolase is unaltered whereas S100B is elevated in serum of patients with schizophrenia-original research and meta analysis. Psychiatry Res 167:66\u201372","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"121_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00217-0","volume":"45","author":"M Wiesmann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wiesmann M, Wandinger KP, Missler U, Eckhoff D, Rothermundt M, Arolt V, Kirchner H (1999) Elevated plasma levels of S100B protein in schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 45:1508\u20131511","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"121_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.07.013","volume":"41","author":"AC Andreazza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andreazza AC, Cassini C, Rosa AR (2007) Serum S100B and antioxidant enzymes in bipolar patients. J Psychiatr Res 41:523\u2013529","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"121_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(03)00016-6","volume":"13","author":"V Arolt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Arolt V, Petres M, Erfurth A, Wiesmann M, Missler U, Rudolf S, Kirchner H, Rothermundt M (2003) S100B and response to treatment in major depression: a pilot study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 13(4):235\u2013239","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"121_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00321-9","volume":"66","author":"M Rothermundt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rothermundt M, Arolt V, Wiesmann M, Missler U, Peters M, Rudolf S, Kirchner H (2001) S100B is increased in melancholic but not in non-melancholic major depression. J Affect Disord 66:89\u201393","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"13","key":"121_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200209160-00021","volume":"13","author":"ML Schroeter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schroeter ML, Abdul-Khaliq H, Diefenbacher A, Blasig IE (2002) S100B is increased in mood disorders and may be reduced by antidepressive treatment. Neuroreport 13(13):1675\u20131678","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"121_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0130-8","volume":"115","author":"K Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang K, Xie GR, Hu YQ, Mao FQ, Su LY (2008) The effects of gender and number of depressive episodes on serum S100B levels in patients with major depression. J Neural Transm 115:1687\u20131694","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"5","key":"121_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060170032","volume":"251","author":"M Soyka","year":"2001","unstructured":"Soyka M, Albus M, Immler B, Kathmann N, Hippius H (2001) Psychopathology in dual diagnosis and non-addicted schizophrenics\u2014are there differences? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 251(5):232\u2013238","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"121_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-004-0465-6","volume":"254","author":"K Mann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mann K, Hintz T, Jung M (2004) Does psychiatric comorbidity in alcohol-dependent patients affect treatment outcome? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 254(3):172\u2013181","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"121_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1159\/000054922","volume":"44","author":"HJ Grabe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grabe HJ, Ahrens N, Rose HJ, Kessler C, Freyberger HJ (2001) Neurotrophic factor S100 beta in major depression. Neuropsychobiol 44(2):88\u201390","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiol"},{"key":"121_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.02.092","volume":"1150","author":"MJ Druse","year":"2007","unstructured":"Druse MJ, Gillespie RA, Tajuddin NF, Rich M (2007) S100B-mediated protection against the proapoptotic effects of ethanol on fetal rhombencephalic neurons. Brain Res 1150:46\u201354","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"121_CR31","first-page":"675","volume":"20","author":"I Liappas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liappas I, Tvavellass EO, Kariyannis C, Piperi C, Schulpis C, Papassotiriou I, Sodatos CR (2006) Effect of alcohol detoxification on serum S100B levels of alcohol-dependent individuals. In Vivo 20(5):675\u2013680","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"121_CR32","volume-title":"Tenth revision of the international classification of diseases, chapter V(F): mental and behavioural disorders (including disorders of psychological development). Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines","author":"World Health Organisation (WHO)","year":"1991","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO) (1991) Tenth revision of the international classification of diseases, chapter V(F): mental and behavioural disorders (including disorders of psychological development). Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. World Health Organisation, Geneva"},{"issue":"6","key":"121_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008326","volume":"32","author":"T Wetterling","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wetterling T, Kanitz RD, Besters B, Fischer D, Zerfass B, John U, Spranger H, Driessen M (1997) A new rating scale for the assessment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Alcohol Alcohol 32(6):753\u2013760","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"121_CR34","first-page":"173","volume":"35","author":"W Feuerlein","year":"1979","unstructured":"Feuerlein W (1979) Early recognition and diagnosis of alcoholism. Bull Schw Akad Wiss 35(1\u20133):173\u2013186","journal-title":"Bull Schw Akad Wiss"},{"issue":"1","key":"121_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.11.021","volume":"169","author":"MC Leite","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leite MC, Galland F, Brolese G, Guerra MC, Bortolotto JW, Freitas R, Almeida LM, Gottfried C, Goncalves CA (2008) A simple, sensitive and widely applicable ELISA for S100B: Methodological features of the measurement of this glial protein. J Neurosci Methods 169(1):93\u201399","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"121_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.2.311","volume":"44","author":"F Frantzen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Frantzen F, Faaren AL, Alfheim I, Nordhei AK (1998) Enzyme conversion immunoassay for determining total homocysteine in plasma or serum. Clin Chem 44(2):311\u2013316","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"121_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-009-0023-3","volume":"260","author":"EM Meisenzahl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meisenzahl EM, Seifert D, Bottlender R, Teipel S, Zetzsche T, J\u00e4ger M, Koutsouleris N, Schmitt G, Scheuerecker J, Burgermeister B, Hampel H, Rupprecht T, Born C, Reiser M, M\u00f6ller HJ, Frodl T (2010) Differences in hippocampal volume between major depression and schizophrenia: a comparative neuroimaging study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 260(2):127\u2013137","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"121_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4067\/S0716-97602009000300002","volume":"42","author":"LC Brandao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brandao LC, Hachul H, Bittencourt LR, Baracat EC, Tufik S, D\u2018Almeida V (2009) Effects of isoflavone on oxidative stress parameters and homocysteine in postmenopausal women complaining of insomnia. Biol Res 42:281\u2013287","journal-title":"Biol Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"121_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.12.011","volume":"76","author":"PJ Martins","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martins PJ, Galdieri LC, Souza FG, Andersen ML, Benedito-Silva AA, Tufik S, D\u2018Almeida V (2005) Physiological variation in plasma total homocysteine concentration in rats. Life Sci 76(22):2621\u20132629","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"121_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2003.11.004","volume":"37","author":"M Lever","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lever M, Sizeland PCM, Frampton CM, Chambers ST (2004) Short and long-term variation of plasma glycine betaine concentrations in humans. Clin Biochem 37(3):84\u201390","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"121_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2003.11.019","volume":"28","author":"S Bleich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bleich S, Degner D, Sperling W, B\u00f6nsch D, Th\u00fcrauf N, Kornhuber J (2004) Homocysteine as a neurotoxin in chronic alcoholism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 28:453\u2013464","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"121_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(87)90700-2","volume":"79","author":"J Kornhuber","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kornhuber J, Kaiserauer CH, Kornhuber AW, Kornhuber ME (1987) Alcohol consumption and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier dysfunction in man. Neurosci Lett 79:218\u2013222","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"121_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.03.004","volume":"3","author":"S Ehrlich","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ehrlich S, Salbach-Andrae H, Weiss D, Burghardt R, Goldhahn K, Craciun EM, Franke L, Uebelhack R, Klapp BF, Lehmkuhl U (2008) S100B in underweight and weight-recovered patients with anorexia nervosa. Psychoneuroendocrinology 3(6):782\u2013788","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/index\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-010-0121-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T06:04:59Z","timestamp":1740204299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00406-010-0121-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-010-0121-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-1334","1433-8491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-1334","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]}}}