{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T04:08:36Z","timestamp":1759032516957},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]],"date-time":"2014-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-014-0523-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]],"date-time":"2014-08-19T07:48:36Z","timestamp":1408434516000},"page":"199-208","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in German-speaking countries: current status and changes between 1994 and 2011"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"265","author":[{"given":"Anna K.","family":"Holl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Grohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Letmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Painold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"M\u00f6rkl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sermin","family":"Toto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siegfried","family":"Kasper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"523_CR1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (1998) Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with panic disorder. Working group on panic disorder. American Psychiatric Association. Jack Gorman"},{"key":"523_CR2","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2010) Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with panic disorders, 2nd edn. Working group on panic disorder. American Psychiatric Association. Laura J. Fochtmann"},{"issue":"5","key":"523_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710001434","volume":"14","author":"DS Baldwin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baldwin DS, Waldman S, Allgulander C (2011) Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 14(5):697\u2013710","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"523_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145709990423","volume":"13","author":"B Bandelow","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bandelow B, Chouinard G, Bobes J, Ahokas A, Eggens I, Liu S et al (2010) Extended-release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR): a once-daily monotherapy effective in generalized anxiety disorder. Data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 13(3):305\u2013320","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3109\/13651501.2012.667114","volume":"16","author":"B Bandelow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bandelow B, Sher L, Bunevicius R, Hollander E, Kasper S, Zohar J et al (2012) Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 16(2):77\u201384","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"523_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-984398","volume":"40","author":"B Bandelow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bandelow B, Stein DJ, Dolberg OT, Andersen HF, Baldwin DS (2007) Improvement of quality of life in panic disorder with escitalopram, citalopram, or placebo. Pharmacopsychiatry 40(4):152\u2013156","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"523_CR7","unstructured":"Bandelow B, Wiltink J, Alpers G, Benecke C, Deckert J, Eckhardt-Henn A et al (2014) Deutsche S3-Leitlinie Behandlung von Angstst\u00f6rungen. www.awmf.org\/leitlinien.html"},{"issue":"4","key":"523_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970802465807","volume":"9","author":"B Bandelow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bandelow B, Zohar J, Hollander E, Kasper S, M\u00f6ller H-J, Allgulander C et al (2008) World federation of societies of biological psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and post-traumatic stress disorders\u2014first revision. World J Biol Psych 9(4):248\u2013312","journal-title":"World J Biol Psych"},{"issue":"9","key":"523_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.9.1195","volume":"148","author":"AT Beck","year":"1991","unstructured":"Beck AT, Steer RA, Sanderson WC, Skeie TM (1991) Panic disorder and suicidal ideation and behavior: discrepant findings in psychiatric outpatients. Am J Psychiatry 148(9):1195\u20131199","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"523_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.4.352","volume":"187","author":"J Bradwejn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bradwejn J, Ahokas A, Stein DJ, Salinas E, Emilien G, Whitaker T (2005) Venlafaxine extended-release capsules in panic disorder: flexible-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Psychiatry 187:352\u2013359","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"523_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(01)80109-0","volume":"23","author":"AJ Claxton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Claxton AJ, Cramer J, Pierce C (2001) A systematic review of the associations between dose regimens and medication compliance. Clin Therapeutics 23(8):1296\u20131310","journal-title":"Clin Therapeutics"},{"issue":"22","key":"523_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03420220087032","volume":"261","author":"JA Cramer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cramer JA, Mattson RH, Prevey ML, Scheyer RD, Ouellette VL (1989) How often is medication taken as prescribed? A novel assessment technique. J Am Med Assoc 261(22):3273\u20133277","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"523_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970510030090","volume":"6","author":"P Falkai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Falkai P, Wobrock T, Lieberman J, Glenthoj B, Gattaz WF, M\u00f6ller H-J (2005) World federation of societies of biological psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of schizophrenia, part 1: acute treatment of schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 6(3):132\u2013191","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"523_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.5.680","volume":"149","author":"S Friedman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Friedman S, Jones JC, Chernen L, Barlow DH (1992) Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among patients with panic disorder: a survey of two outpatient clinics. Am J Psychiatry 149(5):680\u2013685","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.03.029","volume":"58","author":"T Furmark","year":"2005","unstructured":"Furmark T, Appel L, Michelg\u00e5rd A, Wahlstedt K, Ahs F, Zancan S et al (2005) Cerebral blood flow changes after treatment of social phobia with the neurokinin-1 antagonist GR205171, citalopram, or placebo. Biol Psychiatry 58(2):132\u2013142","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"523_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881105056527","volume":"19","author":"F Gambi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gambi F, De Berardis D, Campanella D, Carano A, Sepede G, Salini G et al (2005) Mirtazapine treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a fixed dose, open label study. J Psychopharmacol 19(5):483\u2013487","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"523_CR17","first-page":"S4","volume":"37","author":"R Grohmann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grohmann R, Engel RR, R\u00fcther E, Hippius H (2004) The AMSP drug safety program: methods and global results. Pharmacopsychiatry 37(Suppl 1):S4\u2013S11","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"issue":"43","key":"523_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14482","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2409-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"A Hahn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hahn A, Lanzenberger R, Wadsak W, Spindelegger C, Moser U, Mien L-K et al (2010) Escitalopram enhances the association of serotonin-1A autoreceptors to heteroreceptors in anxiety disorders. J Neurosci 30(43):14482\u201314489","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"523_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.10.015","volume":"24","author":"S Kasper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kasper S, Brasser M, Schweizer E, Lyndon G, Prieto R (2014) How well do randomized controlled trial data generalize to \u201creal-world\u201d clinical practice settings? A comparison of two generalized anxiety disorder studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 24(1):125\u2013132","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e32831d7980","volume":"24","author":"S Kasper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kasper S, Herman B, Nivoli G, Van Ameringen M, Petralia A, Mandel FS et al (2014) Efficacy of pregabalin and venlafaxine-XR in generalized anxiety disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled 8-week trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 24(2):87\u201396","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"523_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.186.3.222","volume":"186","author":"S Kasper","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kasper S, Stein DJ, Loft H, Nil R (2005) Escitalopram in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: randomised, placebo-controlled, flexible-dosage study. Br J Psychiatry 186:222\u2013226","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"523_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1166(200112)16:1+<::AID-GPS564>3.0.CO;2-Y","volume":"16","author":"CL Katona","year":"2001","unstructured":"Katona CL (2001) Psychotropics and drug interactions in the elderly patient. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 16(Suppl 1):S86\u2013S90","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"523_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02193476","volume":"5","author":"DF Klein","year":"1964","unstructured":"Klein DF (1964) Delineation of two drug-responsive anxiety syndromes. Psychopharmacologia 5:397\u2013408","journal-title":"Psychopharmacologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"523_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v59n1006","volume":"59","author":"UM Lepola","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lepola UM, Wade AG, Leinonen EV, Koponen HJ, Frazer J, Sj\u00f6din I et al (1998) A controlled, prospective, 1-year trial of citalopram in the treatment of panic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 59(10):528\u2013534","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"523_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3867","volume":"28","author":"I Mezhebovsky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mezhebovsky I, M\u00e4gi K, She F, Datto C, Eriksson H (2013) Double-blind, randomized study of extended release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) monotherapy in older patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 28(6):615\u2013625","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"523_CR26","first-page":"189","volume":"2","author":"SA Montgomery","year":"2012","unstructured":"Montgomery SA, Kasper S (2012) Clinical Medicine Insights : therapeutics pharmacotherapy Update: pregabalin in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Clin Med Insights Therapeutics 2:189\u2013202","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Therapeutics"},{"key":"523_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montgomery SA, Locklear JC, Sveds\u00e4ter H, Eriksson H (2014) Efficacy of once-daily extended release quetiapine fumarate in patients with different levels of severity of generalized anxiety disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24394383","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000026"},{"key":"523_CR28","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2004) NICE clinical guideline, anxiety: management of anxiety (panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, and generalised anxiety disorder) in adults in primary, secondary and community care. NHS, NICE Clinical Guieline 22"},{"key":"523_CR29","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2011) NICE clinical guideline, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) in adults. NHS, NICE Clinical Guideline 113"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0821-0","volume":"194","author":"M Pollack","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pollack M, Mangano R, Entsuah R, Tzanis E, Simon NM, Zhang Y (2007) A randomized controlled trial of venlafaxine ER and paroxetine in the treatment of outpatients with panic disorder. Psychopharmacology 194(2):233\u2013242","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"523_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20218","volume":"24","author":"MH Pollack","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pollack MH, Lepola U, Koponen H, Simon NM, Worthington JJ, Emilien G et al (2007) A double-blind study of the efficacy of venlafaxine extended-release, paroxetine, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder. Depress Anxiety 24(1):1\u201314","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"4","key":"523_CR32","first-page":"667","volume":"32","author":"MH Pollack","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pollack MH, Worthington JJ, Otto MW, Maki KM, Smoller JW, Manfro GG et al (1996) Venlafaxine for panic disorder: results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Psychopharmacol Bull 32(4):667\u2013670","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"issue":"10","key":"523_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2001001000010","volume":"34","author":"L Ribeiro","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ribeiro L, Busnello JV, Kauer-Sant\u2019Anna M, Madruga M, Quevedo J, Busnello EA et al (2001) Mirtazapine versus fluoxetine in the treatment of panic disorder. Braz J Med Biol Res 34(10):1303\u20131307","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e328341bb4a","volume":"26","author":"M Samuel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Samuel M, Zimovetz EA, Gabriel Z, Beard SM (2011) Efficacy and safety of treatments for refractory generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 26(2):63\u201368","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"523_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.07.037","volume":"151","author":"DV Sheehan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sheehan DV, Sveds\u00e4ter H, Locklear JC, Eriksson H (2013) Effects of extended-release quetiapine fumarate on long-term functioning and sleep quality in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): data from a randomized-withdrawal, placebo-controlled maintenance study. J Affect Disord 151(3):906\u2013913","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"523_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.35","volume":"14","author":"C Spindelegger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spindelegger C, Lanzenberger R, Wadsak W, Mien LK, Stein P, Mitterhauser M et al (2009) Influence of escitalopram treatment on 5-HT 1A receptor binding in limbic regions in patients with anxiety disorders. Mol Psychiatry 14(11):1040\u20131050","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"523_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n1107","volume":"64","author":"SM Stahl","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stahl SM, Gergel I, Li D (2003) Escitalopram in the treatment of panic disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 64(11):1322\u20131327","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"523_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.06.027","volume":"31","author":"S Vaishnavi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vaishnavi S, Alamy S, Zhang W, Connor KM, Davidson JRT (2007) Quetiapine as monotherapy for social anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled study. Prog Neuro Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 31(7):1464\u20131469","journal-title":"Prog Neuro Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"523_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.170.6.549","volume":"170","author":"AG Wade","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wade AG, Lepola U, Koponen HJ, Pedersen V, Pedersen T (1997) The effect of citalopram in panic disorder. Br J Psychiatry 170:549\u2013553","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"523_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-002-0365-6","volume":"252","author":"M Waern","year":"2002","unstructured":"Waern M, Spak F, Sundh V (2002) Suicidal ideation in a female population sample. Relationship with depression, anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence\/abuse. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 252(2):81\u201385","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"523_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22209","volume":"31","author":"RB Weisberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weisberg RB, Beard C, Moitra E, Dyck I, Keller MB (2014) Adequacy of treatment received by primary care patients with anxiety disorders. Depress Anxiety 31(5):443\u2013450","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"18","key":"523_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198911023211801","volume":"321","author":"MM Weissman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Weissman MM, Klerman GL, Markowitz JS, Ouellette R (1989) Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in panic disorder and attacks. N Engl J Med 321(18):1209\u20131214","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"523_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1Q405","volume":"46","author":"TM Wensel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wensel TM, Powe KW, Cates ME (2012) Pregabalin for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Ann Pharmacother 46(3):424\u2013429","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"9","key":"523_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.07.018","volume":"21","author":"HU Wittchen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wittchen HU, Jacobi F, Rehm J, Gustavsson A, Svensson M, J\u00f6nsson B et al (2011) The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 21(9):655\u2013679","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"523_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(83)90006-X","volume":"14","author":"CM Zitrin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zitrin CM (1983) Differential treatment of phobias: use of imipramine for panic attacks. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 14(1):11\u201318","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-014-0523-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00406-014-0523-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-014-0523-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T03:27:27Z","timestamp":1565753247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00406-014-0523-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-014-0523-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-1334","1433-8491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-1334","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]]}}}