{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:37:02Z","timestamp":1792165022419,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,28]],"date-time":"2014-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-014-0548-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]],"date-time":"2014-09-29T16:17:03Z","timestamp":1412007423000},"page":"375-385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Visual height intolerance and acrophobia: clinical characteristics and comorbidity patterns"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"265","author":[{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"Kapfhammer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doreen","family":"Huppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Grill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Fitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"548_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002","volume":"51","author":"RC Kessler","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, Wittchen HU, Kendler KS (1994) Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:8\u201319","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"548_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050098","volume":"33","author":"RV Bijl","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bijl RV, Ravelli A, van Zessen G (1998) Prevalence of psychiatric disorder in the general population: results of The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 33:587\u2013595","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"548_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617","volume":"62","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE (2005) Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:617\u2013627","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"548_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2006.09.006","volume":"22","author":"ES Becker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Becker ES, Rinck M, T\u00fcrke V, Kause P, Goodwin R, Neumer S, Margraf J (2007) Epidemiology of specific phobia subtypes: findings from the Dresden Mental Health Study. Eur Psychiatry 22:69\u201374","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"548_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707000086","volume":"37","author":"FS Stinson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Patricia Chou S, Smith S, Goldstein RB, June Ruan W, Grant BF (2007) The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. Psychol Med 37:1047\u20131059","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"548_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830020077009","volume":"53","author":"WJ Magee","year":"1996","unstructured":"Magee WJ, Eaton WW, Wittchen HU, McGonagle KA, Kessler RC (1996) Agoraphobia, simple phobia, and social phobia in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53:159\u2013168","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"548_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01903.x","volume":"40","author":"JE Wells","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wells JE, Browne MA, Scott KM, McGee MA, Baxter J (2006) Kokaua J; New Zealand Mental Health Survey Research Team. Prevalence, interference with life and severity of 12\u00a0month DSM-IV disorders in Te Rau Hinengaro: the New Zealand Mental Health Survey. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 40:845\u2013854","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"548_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370104600806","volume":"46","author":"J Sareen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sareen J, Chartier M, Kjernisted KD, Stein MB (2001) Comorbidity of phobic disorders with alcoholism in a Canadian community sample. Can J Psychiatry 46:733\u2013740","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"548_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01906.x","volume":"40","author":"KM Scott","year":"2006","unstructured":"Scott KM, McGee MA, Oakley Browne MA, Wells JE (2006) New Zealand Mental Health Survey Research Team. Mental disorder comorbidity in Te Rau Hinengaro: the New Zealand Mental Health Survey. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 40:875\u2013881","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"548_CR10","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Stress-induced and fear circuitry disorders","author":"PMG Emmelkamp","year":"2009","unstructured":"Emmelkamp PMG, Wittchen HU (2009) Specific phobias. In: Andrews G, Charney DS, Sirovatka PJ, Regier DA (eds) Stress-induced and fear circuitry disorders. American Psychiatric Association, Arlington, pp 77\u2013101"},{"key":"548_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20655","volume":"27","author":"RT LeBeau","year":"2010","unstructured":"LeBeau RT, Glenn D, Liao B, Wittchen HU, Beesdo-Baum K, Ollendick T, Craske MG (2010) Specific phobia: a review of DSM-IV specific phobia and preliminary recommendations for DSM-V. Depress Anxiety 27:148\u2013167","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"548_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.3.212","volume":"173","author":"GC Curtis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Curtis GC, Magee WJ, Eaton WW, Wittchen HU, Kessler RC (1998) Specific fears and phobias Epidemiology Classification. Br J Psychiatry 173:212\u2013217","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"548_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-007-0291-z","volume":"43","author":"MF Depla","year":"2008","unstructured":"Depla MF, ten Have ML, van Balkom AJ, de Graaf R (2008) Specific fears and phobias in the general population: results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 43:200\u2013208","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"548_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2008.00602.x","volume":"117","author":"FM Oosterink","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oosterink FM, de Jongh A, Hoogstraten J (2009) Prevalence of dental fear and phobia relative to other fear and phobia subtypes. Eur J Oral Sci 117:135\u2013143","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"548_CR15","first-page":"81","volume":"190","author":"T Brandt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brandt T, Benson J, Huppert D (2012) What to call \u201cnon-phobic\u201d fear of heights? Br J Psychiatry 190:81","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"548_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488009127169","volume":"89","author":"T Brandt","year":"1980","unstructured":"Brandt T, Arnold F, Bles W, Kapteyn TS (1980) The mechanism of physiological height vertigo I. Theoretical approach. Acta Otolaryngol 89:513\u2013523","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"548_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.136432","volume":"80","author":"RG Jacob","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jacob RG, Redfern MS, Furman JM (2009) Space and motion discomfort and abnormal balance control in patients with anxiety disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80:74\u201378","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"548_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20698","volume":"27","author":"CM Coehlo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coehlo CM, Wallis G (2010) Deconstruction acrophobia: physiological and psychological precursors to developing a fear of heights. Depress Anxiety 27:864\u2013870","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"548_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.048926","volume":"76","author":"JM Furman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Furman JM, Balaban CD, Jacob RG, Marcus DA (2005) Migraine-anxiety related dizziness (MARD): a new disorder? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:1\u20138","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"548_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6685-1","volume":"260","author":"D Huppert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huppert D, Grill E, Brandt T (2013) Down on heights? One in three has visual height intolerance. J Neurol 260:597\u2013604","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"548_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-322-83334-1_6","volume-title":"Telefonstichproben in Deutschland","author":"S H\u00e4der","year":"1998","unstructured":"H\u00e4der S, Gabler S (1998) Ein neues Stichprobendesign f\u00fcr telefonische Umfragen in Deutschland. In: Gabler S, H\u00e4der S, Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik JHP (eds) Telefonstichproben in Deutschland. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen, pp 69\u201388"},{"key":"548_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1949.10483314","volume":"44","author":"L Kish","year":"1949","unstructured":"Kish L (1949) A procedure for objective respondent selection within the household. J Am Statist Assoc 44:380\u2013387","journal-title":"J Am Statist Assoc"},{"key":"548_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0460-64","volume":"202","author":"EJ Gibson","year":"1960","unstructured":"Gibson EJ, Walk RD (1960) The \u201cvisual cliff\u201d. Sci Am 202:64\u201371","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"548_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.2307\/1129328","volume":"50","author":"SW Hiatt","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hiatt SW, Campos JJ, Emde RN (1979) Facial patterning and infant emotional expression: happiness, surprise, and fear. Child Dev 50:1020\u20131035","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"548_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walk RD, Gibson EJ (1961) A comparative and analytical study of visual depth perception. Psychol Monograph 75(15):1\u201344","DOI":"10.1037\/h0093827"},{"key":"548_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488009127171","volume":"89","author":"W Bles","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bles W, Kapteyn TS, Brandt T, Arnold F (1980) The mechanism of physiological height vertigo II. Posturography. Acta Otolaryngol 89:534\u2013540","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"548_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02450322","volume":"113","author":"AM Bronstein","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bronstein AM, Buckwell D (1997) Automatic control of postural sway by visual motion parallax. Exp Brain Res 113:243\u2013248","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"548_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.09.002","volume":"21","author":"MS Redfern","year":"2007","unstructured":"Redfern MS, Furman JM, Jacob RG (2007) Visually induced postural sway in anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord 21:704\u2013716","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"548_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-008-0843-6","volume":"259","author":"CC Boffino","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boffino CC (2009) Cardoso de S\u00e1 CS, Gorenstein C, Brown RG, Basile LFH, Ramos RT. Fear of heights: cognitive performance and postural control. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 259:114\u2013119","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"548_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.12.002","volume":"23","author":"GW Alpers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alpers GW, Adolph D (2009) Exposure to heights in a theme park: fear, dizziness, and body sway. J Anxiety Disord 23:381\u2013386","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"548_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.12.002","volume":"23","author":"EM Clerkin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clerkin EM, Cody MW, Stefanucci JK, Proffitt DR, Teachman BA (2009) Imagery and fear influencing height perception. J Anxiety Disord 23:381\u2013386","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"548_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014797","volume":"138","author":"JK Stefanucci","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stefanucci JK, Storbeck J (2009) Don\u2019t look down: emotional arousal elevates height perception. J Exp Psychol Gen 138:131\u2013145","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"key":"548_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.8.2.296","volume":"8","author":"BA Teachman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Teachman BA, Stefanucci JK, Clerkin EM, Cody MW, Proffitt DR (2007) A new mode of fear expression: perceptual bias in height fear. Emotion 8:296\u2013301","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"548_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(93)90093-A","volume":"31","author":"RG Menzies","year":"1993","unstructured":"Menzies RG, Clarke JC (1993) The etiology of fear of heights and its relationship to severity and individual response patterns. Behav Res Ther 31:355\u2013365","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"548_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(94)00039-5","volume":"15","author":"RG Menzies","year":"1995","unstructured":"Menzies RG, Clarke JC (1995) The etiology of phobias: a nonassociative account. Clin Psychol Rev 15:23\u201348","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"548_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)10037-7","volume":"36","author":"R Poulton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Poulton R, Davies S, Menzies RG, Langley JD, Silva PA (1998) Evidence for a non-associative model of the acquisition of a fear of heights. Behav Res Ther 36:537\u2013544","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"548_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00045-6","volume":"40","author":"R Poulton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Poulton R, Menzies RG (2002) Non-associative fear acquisition: a review of the evidence from retrospective and longitudinal research. Behav Res Ther 40:127\u2013149","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"548_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.06.002","volume":"30","author":"M Berger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berger M (2010) \u2018It\u2019s the sight not the bite\u2019: a model and reinterpretation of visually-based developmental fears. Clin Psychol Rev 30:779\u2013793","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"548_CR39","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Oxford Handbook of Anxiety and Related Disorders. Oxford Library of Psychology","author":"SG Hofmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hofmann SG, Alpers GW, Pauli P (2009) Phenomenology of panic and phobic disorders. In: Stein MB, Anthony MM (eds) Oxford Handbook of Anxiety and Related Disorders. Oxford Library of Psychology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 36\u201346"},{"key":"548_CR40","unstructured":"Gamble AL, Harvey AG, Rapee RM (2010) Specific phobia. In: Stein DJ, Hollander E, Rothbaum BO (eds) Textbook of anxiety disorders, 2nd edn. American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington, London, pp 525\u2013543"},{"key":"548_CR41","first-page":"129","volume-title":"A handbook of theory, research and treatment","author":"RG Menzies","year":"1997","unstructured":"Menzies RG (1997) Height phobia, in Phobias. In: Davey GLC (ed) A handbook of theory, research and treatment. Wiley, Chichester, pp 129\u2013138"},{"key":"548_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2006.10.010","volume":"48","author":"Y Choy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Choy Y, Fyer AJ, Goodwin RD (2007) Specific phobia and comorbid depression: a closer look at the National Comorbidity Survey data. Compr Psychiatry 48:132\u2013136","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"548_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.162","volume":"3","author":"D Huppert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huppert D, Grill E, Kapfhammer HP, Brandt T (2013) Susceptibility to visual height intolerance is independent of alcohol drinking patterns. Brain Behav 3:596\u2013601","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"548_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grill E, Huppert D, Kapfhammer HP, Brandt T. Self-efficacy beliefs are associated with visual height intolerance: a cross-sectional survey. PLoS one (submitted)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116220"},{"key":"548_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000057","volume":"27","author":"T Brandt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brandt T, Huppert D (2014) Fear of heights and visual height intolerance. Curr Opin Neurol 27:111\u2013117","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"548_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.19","volume":"11","author":"CD Balaban","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balaban CD, Jacob RG, Furman JM (2011) Neurologic bases for comorbidity of balance disorders, anxiety disorders and migraine: neurotherapeutic implications. Expert Rev Neurother 11:379\u2013394","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-014-0548-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00406-014-0548-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-014-0548-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T15:08:48Z","timestamp":1565881728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00406-014-0548-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,28]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-014-0548-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-1334","1433-8491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-1334","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,28]]}}}