{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:24:04Z","timestamp":1790504644960,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wy\u017cszego","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1258\/MOB\/IV\/2015\/0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1258\/MOB\/IV\/2015\/0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive models suggest that top-down and emotional processes increase false perceptions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). However, little is still known about the interaction of these processes in false auditory perceptions. The present study aimed at investigating the specific as well as joint impacts of expectancies and emotional load on false auditory perceptions in SSD. Thirty-three patients with SSD and 33 matched healthy controls were assessed with a false perception task. Participants were asked to detect a target stimulus (a word) in a white noise background (the word was present in 60% of the cases and absent in 40%). Conditions varied in terms of the level of expectancy (1. no cue prior to the stimulus, 2. semantic priming, 3. semantic priming accompanied by a video of a man\u2019s mouth spelling out the word). The words used were neutral or emotionally negative. Symptom severity was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Higher expectancy significantly increased the likelihood of false auditory perceptions only among the patients with SSD (the group x expectancy condition interaction was significant), which was unrelated to general cognitive performance. Emotional load had no impact on false auditory perceptions in either group. Patients made more false auditory perceptions with high confidence than controls did. False auditory perceptions were significantly correlated with the severity of positive symptoms and disorganization, but not with other dimensions. Perception in SSD seems to be susceptible to top-down processes, increasing the likelihood of high-confidence false auditory perceptions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-019-01065-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T18:07:47Z","timestamp":1567793267000},"page":"713-722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The role of expectancies and emotional load in false auditory perceptions among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"271","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6578-1846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Gaw\u0119da","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Moritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1065_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4121-2_6","volume-title":"The neuroscience of hallucinations","author":"A Aleman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aleman A, Vercammen A (2013) The \u201cbottom-up\u201d and \u201ctop-down\u201d components of the hallucinatory phenomenon. In: Renaud J, Cachia A, Delphine P (eds) The neuroscience of hallucinations. Springer, New York, pp 107\u2013121"},{"key":"1065_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.03.001","volume":"119","author":"M Armando","year":"2010","unstructured":"Armando M, Nelson B, Yung AR, Ross M, Birchwood M, Girardi P, Nastro PF (2010) Psychotic-like experiences and correlation with distress and depressive symptoms in a community sample of adolescents and young adults. Schizophr Res 119:258\u2013265","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1065_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2010.530472","volume":"16","author":"E Barkus","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barkus E, Smallman R, Royle N, Barkus C, Lewis S, Rushe T (2011) Auditory false perceptions are mediated by psychosis risk factors. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 16:289\u2013302","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"1065_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(98)90067-0","volume":"39","author":"R-P Behrendt","year":"1998","unstructured":"Behrendt R-P (1998) Underconstrained perception: a theoretical approach to the nature and function of verbal hallucinations. Compr Psychiatry 39:236\u2013248","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"1065_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.05.025","volume":"189","author":"V Bell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bell V, Halligan PW, Pugh K, Freeman D (2011) Correlates of perceptual distortions in clinical and non-clinical populations using the cardiff anomalous perceptions scale (caps): associations with anxiety and depression and a re-validation using a representative population sample. Psychiatry Res 189:451\u2013457","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1065_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033402","volume":"25","author":"WE Bunney Jr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bunney WE Jr, Hetrick WP, Bunney BG, Patterson JV, Jin Y, Potkin SG, Sandman CA (1999) Structured interview for assessing perceptual anomalies (siapa). Schizophr Bull 25:577\u2013592","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1065_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033402","volume":"25","author":"WE Bunney Jr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bunney WE Jr, Hetrick WP, Bunney BG, Patterson JV, Jin Y, Potkin SG, Sandman CA (1999) Structured interview for assessing perceptual anomalies (siapa). Schizophr Bull 25:577\u2013592","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1065_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764009102413","volume":"57","author":"AJ Cangas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cangas AJ, Langer \u00c1I, Moriana JA (2011) Hallucinations and related perceptual disturbance in a non-clinical spanish population. Int J Soc Psychiatry 57:120\u2013131","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1065_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9972","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1712305114","volume":"114","author":"ML Caras","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caras ML, Sanes DH (2017) Top-down modulation of sensory cortex gates perceptual learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci 114:9972\u20139977","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"1065_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2016.08.006","volume":"24","author":"H Chhabra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chhabra H, Sowmya S, Sreeraj VS, Kalmady SV, Shivakumar V, Amaresha AC, Narayanaswamy JC, Venkatasubramanian G (2016) Auditory false perception in schizophrenia: development and validation of auditory signal detection task. Asian J Psychiatry 24:23\u201327","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1065_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1080\/09541440440000168","volume":"17","author":"C Colin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Colin C, Radeau M, Deltenre P (2005) Top-down and bottom-up modulation of audiovisual integration in speech. Euro J Cognit Psychol 17:541\u2013560","journal-title":"Euro J Cognit Psychol"},{"key":"1065_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01958-7","volume":"8","author":"TE Cope","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cope TE, Sohoglu E, Sedley W, Patterson K, Jones PS, Wiggins J, Dawson C, Grube M, Carlyon R, Griffiths T (2017) Evidence for causal top-down frontal contributions to predictive processes in speech perception. Nat Commun 8:2154","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1065_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2018.12.001","volume":"23","author":"PR Corlett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Corlett PR, Horga G, Fletcher PC, Alderson-Day B, Schmack K, Powers AR (2019) Hallucinations and strong priors. Trends Cognit Sci 23:114\u2013127","journal-title":"Trends Cognit Sci"},{"key":"1065_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.06.005","volume":"139","author":"K Daalman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daalman K, Verkooijen S, Derks EM, Aleman A, Sommer IE (2012) The influence of semantic top-down processing in auditory verbal hallucinations. Schizophr Res 139:82\u201386","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1065_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.06.005","volume":"139","author":"K Daalman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daalman K, Verkooijen S, Derks EM, Aleman A, Sommer IEC (2012) The influence of semantic top\u2013down processing in auditory verbal hallucinations. Schizophr Res 139:82\u201386","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1065_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2007.01.014","volume":"229","author":"MH Davis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Davis MH, Johnsrude IS (2007) Hearing speech sounds: top-down influences on the interface between audition and speech perception. Hear Res 229:132\u2013147","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"1065_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5587","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22572","volume":"35","author":"LC Erickson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Erickson LC, Heeg E, Rauschecker JP, Turkeltaub PE (2014) An ale meta-analysis on the audiovisual integration of speech signals. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5587\u20135605","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"1065_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbq029","volume":"37","author":"M Galdos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Galdos M, Simons C, Fernandez-Rivas A, Wichers M, Peralta C, Lataster T, Amer G, Myin-Germeys I, Allardyce J, Gonzalez-Torres MA (2010) Affectively salient meaning in random noise: a task sensitive to psychosis liability. Schizophr Bull 37:1179\u20131186","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1065_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.07.035","volume":"195","author":"\u0141 Gaw\u0119da","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gaw\u0119da \u0141, Moritz S, Kokoszka A (2012) Impaired discrimination between imagined and performed actions in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 195:1\u20138","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1065_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.12.003","volume":"144","author":"L Gaweda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gaweda L, Woodward TS, Moritz S, Kokoszka A (2013) Impaired action self-monitoring in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations. Schizophr Res 144:72\u201379","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1065_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.12.003","volume":"144","author":"\u0141 Gaw\u0119da","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gaw\u0119da \u0141, Woodward TS, Moritz S, Kokoszka A (2013) Impaired action self-monitoring in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations. Schizophr Res 144:72\u201379","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1065_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561770065508X","volume":"6","author":"S Grossberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Grossberg S (2000) How hallucinations may arise from brain mechanisms of learning, attention, and volition. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 6:583\u2013592","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"1065_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.3.393","volume":"56","author":"R Hoffman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hoffman R, Rapaport J, Mazure C, Quinlan D (1999) Schizophrenic patients reporting hallucinated \u201cvoices\u201d demonstrate selective speech perception alterations. Am J Psychiatry 56:393\u2013399","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1065_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.031195","volume":"191","author":"RE Hoffman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hoffman RE, Woods SW, Hawkins KA, Pittman B, Tohen M, Preda A, Breier A, Glist J, Addington J, Perkins DO (2007) Extracting spurious messages from noise and risk of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in a prodromal population. Br J Psychiatry 191:355\u2013356","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1065_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2016.09.004","volume":"47","author":"J Hohwy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hohwy J (2017) Priors in perception: top-down modulation, bayesian perceptual learning rate, and prediction error minimization. Conscious Cogn 47:75\u201385","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"1065_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8072","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0200-14.2014","volume":"34","author":"G Horga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Horga G, Schatz KC, Abi-Dargham A, Peterson BS (2014) Deficits in predictive coding underlie hallucinations in schizophrenia. J Neurosci 34:8072\u20138082","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1065_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2009.00775.x","volume":"50","author":"K Hugdahl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hugdahl K (2009) \u201cHearing voices\u201d: auditory hallucinations as failure of top-down control of bottom-up perceptual processes. Scand J Psychol 50:553\u2013560","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"key":"1065_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12469","volume":"13","author":"K Oconnor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oconnor K, Nelson B, Cannon M, Yung A, Thompson A (2019) Perceptual abnormalities in an ultra-high risk for psychosis population relationship to trauma and co-morbid disorder. Early Intervention Psychiatry 13:231\u2013240","journal-title":"Early Intervention Psychiatry"},{"key":"1065_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","volume":"13","author":"SR Kay","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA (1987) The positive and negative syndrome scale (panss) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 13:261\u2013276","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1065_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.03.020","volume":"165","author":"I Kelleher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kelleher I, Wigman JT, Harley M, O\u2019Hanlon E, Coughlan H, Rawdon C, Murphy J, Power E, Higgins NM, Cannon M (2015) Psychotic experiences in the population: association with functioning and mental distress. Schizophr Res 165:9\u201314","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1065_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2009.00775.x","volume":"50","author":"H Kenneth","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kenneth H (2009) \u201cHearing voices\u201d: auditory hallucinations as failure of top-down control of bottom-up perceptual processes. Scand J Psychol 50:553\u2013560","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"key":"1065_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.03.044","volume":"270","author":"U K\u00f6ther","year":"2018","unstructured":"K\u00f6ther U, Lincoln TM, Moritz S (2018) Emotion perception and overconfidence in errors under stress in psychosis. Psychiatry Res 270:981\u2013991","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1065_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(81)90027-1","volume":"2","author":"G Launay","year":"1981","unstructured":"Launay G, Slade P (1981) The measurement of hallucinatory predisposition in male and female prisoners. Personal Individ Differ 2:221\u2013234","journal-title":"Personal Individ Differ"},{"key":"1065_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01316-1","volume":"51","author":"SM Lawrie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lawrie SM, Buechel C, Whalley HC, Frith CD, Friston KJ, Johnstone EC (2002) Reduced frontotemporal functional connectivity in schizophrenia associated with auditory hallucinations. Biol Psychiat 51:1008\u20131011","journal-title":"Biol Psychiat"},{"key":"1065_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3055","volume":"74","author":"E Lehembre-Shiah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lehembre-Shiah E, Leong W, Brucato G, Abi-Dargham A, Lieberman JA, Horga G, Girgis RR (2017) Distinct relationships between visual and auditory perceptual abnormalities and conversion to psychosis in a clinical high-risk populationvisual and auditory perceptual abnormalitiesletters. JAMA Psychiatry 74:104\u2013106","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1065_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-015-0817-4","volume":"22","author":"DB Mallick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mallick DB, Magnotti JF, Beauchamp MS (2015) Variability and stability in the mcgurk effect: contributions of participants, stimuli, time, and response type. Psychon Bull Rev 22:1299\u20131307","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"1065_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.03.033","volume":"176","author":"M Mart\u00edn-Reyes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Reyes M, Mendoza Qui\u00f1ones R, D\u00edaz de Villalvilla T, Vald\u00e9s Sosa M (2010) Perceptual\/attentional anomalies in schizophrenia: a family study. Psychiatry Res 176:137\u2013142","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1065_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033506","volume":"26","author":"R Mass","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mass R (2000) Characteristic subjective experiences of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 26:921\u2013931","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1065_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/264746a0","volume":"264","author":"H McGurk","year":"1976","unstructured":"McGurk H, MacDonald J (1976) Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature 264:746","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1065_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.04.004","volume":"34","author":"S Moritz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moritz S, Andreou C, Schneider BC, Wittekind CE, Menon M, Balzan RP, Woodward TS (2014) Sowing the seeds of doubt: a narrative review on metacognitive training in schizophrenia. Clin Psychol Rev 34:358\u2013366","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1065_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-015-9690-8","volume":"39","author":"S Moritz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moritz S, Mayer-Stassfurth H, Endlich L, Andreou C, Ramdani N, Petermann F, Balzan RP (2015) The benefits of doubt: cognitive bias correction reduces hasty decision-making in schizophrenia. Cognit Ther Res 39:627\u2013635","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"key":"1065_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2016.07.004","volume":"56","author":"S Moritz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moritz S, Pfuhl G, Ludtke T, Menon M, Balzan RP, Andreou C (2017) A two-stage cognitive theory of the positive symptoms of psychosis. Highlighting the role of lowered decision thresholds. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 56:12\u201320","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"1065_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.02.002","volume":"121","author":"B Osnes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Osnes B, Hugdahl K, Hjelmervik H, Specht K (2012) Stimulus expectancy modulates inferior frontal gyrus and premotor cortex activity in auditory perception. Brain Lang 121:65\u201369","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"1065_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1159\/000088441","volume":"38","author":"J Parnas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Parnas J, M\u00f8ller P, Kircher T, Thalbitzer J, Jansson L, Handest P, Zahavi D (2005) Ease: examination of anomalous self-experience. Psychopathology 38:236","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"1065_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3458","volume":"357","author":"AR Powers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Powers AR, Mathys C, Corlett P (2017) Pavlovian conditioning\u2014induced hallucinations result from overweighting of perceptual priors. Science 357:596\u2013600","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1065_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31802f205e","volume":"195","author":"A Preti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Preti A, Bonventre E, Ledda V, Petretto DR, Masala C (2007) Hallucinatory experiences, delusional thought proneness, and psychological distress in a nonclinical population. J Nerv Ment Dis 195:484\u2013491","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"1065_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1159\/000431291","volume":"48","author":"AR Rasmussen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rasmussen AR, Parnas J (2015) Anomalies of imagination and disordered self in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Psychopathology 48:317\u2013323","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"1065_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-016-1185-4","volume":"24","author":"CS Rogers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rogers CS (2017) Semantic priming, not repetition priming, is to blame for false hearing. Psychon Bull Rev 24:1194\u20131204","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"1065_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.08.008","volume":"97","author":"LA Ross","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ross LA, Saint-Amour D, Leavitt VM, Molholm S, Javitt DC, Foxe JJ (2007) Impaired multisensory processing in schizophrenia: deficits in the visual enhancement of speech comprehension under noisy environmental conditions. Schizophr Res 97:173\u2013183","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1065_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.10.004","volume":"259","author":"JC Ruiz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruiz JC, Soler MJ, Das\u00ed C, Fuentes I, Tom\u00e1s P (2018) The effect of associative strength on semantic priming in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 259:1\u20136","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1065_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.09.045","volume":"44","author":"AJ Shahin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shahin AJ, Bishop CW, Miller LM (2009) Neural mechanisms for illusory filling-in of degraded speech. NeuroImage 44:1133\u20131143","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"1065_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033206","volume":"40","author":"E Sohoglu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sohoglu E, Peelle JE, Carlyon RP, Davis MH (2014) Top-down influences of written text on perceived clarity of degraded speech. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 40:186","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"key":"1065_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.08.008","volume":"190","author":"MJ Soler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Soler MJ, Ruiz JC, Vargas M, Das\u00ed C, Fuentes I (2011) Perceptual priming in schizophrenia evaluated by word fragment and word stem completion. Psychiatry Res 190:167\u2013171","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1065_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.05.015","volume":"84","author":"P Sterzer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sterzer P, Adams RA, Fletcher P, Frith C, Lawrie SM, Muckli L, Petrovic P, Uhlhaas P, Voss M, Corlett PR (2018) The predictive coding account of psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 84:634\u2013643","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1065_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2009.12.003","volume":"41","author":"K Stinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stinson K, Valmaggia LR, Antley A, Slater M, Freeman D (2010) Cognitive triggers of auditory hallucinations: an experimental investigation. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 41:179\u2013184","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"1065_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.04.019","volume":"55","author":"H-H Tseng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tseng H-H, Bossong MG, Modinos G, Chen K-M, McGuire P, Allen P (2015) A systematic review of multisensory cognitive\u2014affective integration in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 55:444\u2013452","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1065_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl047","volume":"33","author":"PJ Uhlhaas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Uhlhaas PJ, Mishara AL (2006) Perceptual anomalies in schizophrenia: integrating phenomenology and cognitive neuroscience. Schizophr Bull 33:142\u2013156","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1065_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.04.001","volume":"85","author":"M van der Gaag","year":"2006","unstructured":"van der Gaag M, Cuijpers A, Hoffman T, Remijsen M, Hijman R, de Haan L, van Meijel B, van Harten PN, Valmaggia L, De Hert M (2006) The five-factor model of the positive and negative syndrome scale i: confirmatory factor analysis fails to confirm 25 published five-factor solutions. Schizophr Res 85:273\u2013279","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"1065_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn063","volume":"36","author":"A Vercammen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vercammen A, Aleman A (2008) Semantic expectations can induce false perceptions in hallucination-prone individuals. Schizophr Bull 36:151\u2013156","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1065_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707002437","volume":"38","author":"A Vercammen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vercammen A, de Haan EHF, Aleman A (2007) Hearing a voice in the noise: auditory hallucinations and speech perception. Psychol Med 38:1177\u20131184","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1065_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.2.534","volume":"41","author":"ML Vo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vo ML, Conrad M, Kuchinke L, Urton K, Hofmann MJ, Jacobs AM (2009) The berlin affective word list reloaded (bawl-r). Behav Res Methods 41:534\u2013538","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"1065_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs045","volume":"38","author":"F Waters","year":"2012","unstructured":"Waters F, Allen P, Aleman A, Fernyhough C, Woodward TS, Badcock JC, Barkus E, Johns L, Varese F, Menon M, Vercammen A, Lar\u00f8i F (2012) Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia and nonschizophrenia populations: a review and integrated model of cognitive mechanisms. Schizophr Bull 38:683\u2013693","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"1065_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.06.028","volume":"48","author":"LE Williams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Williams LE, Light GA, Braff DL, Ramachandran VS (2010) Reduced multisensory integration in patients with schizophrenia on a target detection task. Neuropsychologia 48:3128\u20133136","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"1065_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00239-X","volume":"46","author":"PS Yaralian","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yaralian PS, Raine A, Lencz T, Hooley JM, Bihrle SE, Mills S, Ventura J (2000) Elevated levels of cognitive-perceptual deficits in individuals with a family history of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 46:57\u201363","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-019-01065-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00406-019-01065-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-019-01065-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T20:03:27Z","timestamp":1664309007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00406-019-01065-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-019-01065-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-1334","1433-8491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-1334","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}