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He termed this phenomenon \u201cdouble bookkeeping,\u201d but did not provide any conceptual elaboration of this phenomenon or its possible mechanisms. Double bookkeeping has been neglected in mainstream psychiatry, but it has been addressed in recent theoretical work, however mainly concerned with the issue of delusion. In this article, we present clinical material that supports the view that double bookkeeping manifests itself across various psychotic phenomena and its antecedent may be observed in premorbid (pre-onset) phases as well as in the schizotypal disorder. We try to conceptualize double bookkeeping to concretize an often atmospheric perception of paradoxicality in the encounter with the patient. A phenomenological analysis of double bookkeeping suggests an instability in the affective (\u201cauto-affection\u201d) articulation of selfhood. We point to four main implications of our presentation: (1) diagnostic, (2) epistemological, (3) therapeutic and (4) pathogenetic research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01185-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T04:58:34Z","timestamp":1599713914000},"page":"1513-1523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Double bookkeeping and schizophrenia spectrum: divided unified phenomenal consciousness"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"271","author":[{"given":"Josef","family":"Parnas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annick","family":"Urfer-Parnas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6531-4954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helene","family":"Stephensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1185_CR1","volume-title":"Trait\u00e9 m\u00e9dico-philosophique sur l'ali\u00e9nation mentale, ou la manie","author":"P Pinel","year":"1801","unstructured":"Pinel P (1801) Trait\u00e9 m\u00e9dico-philosophique sur l'ali\u00e9nation mentale, ou la manie. 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