{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:41:40Z","timestamp":1789497700829,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-021-01286-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T18:02:47Z","timestamp":1624644167000},"page":"139-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3180-7926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo Furlan","family":"Damiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno F.","family":"Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiana Castanho","family":"de Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"de P\u00e1dua Serafim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Henrique Martins","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina Demarchi","family":"Munhoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Nitrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraldo Busatto","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eur\u00edpedes Constantino","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Lucchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orestes","family":"Forlenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1286_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.56.1.37","volume":"56","author":"K Ritchie","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ritchie K, Artero S, Touchon J (2001) Classification criteria for mild cognitive impairment: a population-based validation study. Neurology 56:37\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.56.1.37","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1286_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(06)68542-5","volume":"367","author":"S Gauthier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gauthier S, Reisberg B, Zaudig M, Petersen RC, Ritchie K, Broich K, Belleville S, Brodaty H, Bennett D, Chertkow H, Cummings JL, de Leon M, Feldman H, Ganguli M, Hampel H, Scheltens P, Tierney MC, Whitehouse P, Winblad B (2006) Mild cognitive impairment. Lancet 367:1262\u20131270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(06)68542-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1286_CR3","first-page":"79","volume":"84","author":"EL Cunningham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cunningham EL, McGuinness B, Herron B, Passmore AP (2015) Dementia. Ulster Med J 84:79\u201387","journal-title":"Ulster Med J"},{"key":"1286_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610209009430","volume":"21","author":"R Nitrini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nitrini R, Bottino CM, Albala C, Custodio Capu\u00f1ay NS, Ketzoian C, Llibre Rodriguez JJ, Maestre GE, Ramos-Cerqueira AT, Caramelli P (2009) Prevalence of dementia in Latin America: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Int Psychogeriatr 21:622\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1041610209009430","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"1286_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.01001.x","volume":"55","author":"RF Itzhaki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Itzhaki RF, Wozniak MA (2007) Viral infection and cognitive decline. J Am Geriatr Soc 55:131\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.01001.x","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1286_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/s0966-842x(03)00146-x","volume":"11","author":"CB Dobson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dobson CB, Wozniak MA, Itzhaki RF (2003) Do infectious agents play a role in dementia? Trends Microbiol 11:312\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0966-842x(03)00146-x","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"1286_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-142853","volume":"48","author":"SA Harris","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harris SA, Harris EA (2015) Herpes simplex virus type 1 and other pathogens are key causative factors in sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 48:319\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-142853","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1647247","volume":"38","author":"LS Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz LS, Garcia MA, Gordon-Lipkin E, Parra B, Pardo CA (2018) Emerging viral infections and their impact on the global burden of neurological disease. Semin Neurol 38:163\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1647247","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR9","volume-title":"Topley & Wilson\u2019s microbiology and microbial infections","author":"AS Monto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Monto AS (2005) The epidemiology of viral infections. In: Topley WWC, Wilson GST, Collier LH, Mahy BWJ, Meulen VT (eds) Topley & Wilson\u2019s microbiology and microbial infections, 10th edn. Hodder Arnold, London","edition":"10"},{"key":"1286_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz244","volume":"142","author":"F Panza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Panza F, Lozupone M, Solfrizzi V, Watling M, Imbimbo BP (2019) Time to test antibacterial therapy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain 142:2905\u20132929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awz244","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1286_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.1740-17.2018","volume":"38","author":"S Hosseini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hosseini S, Wilk E, Michaelsen-Preusse K, Gerhauser I, Baumg\u00e4rtner W, Geffers R, Schughart K, Korte M (2018) Long-term neuroinflammation induced by influenza a virus infection and the impact on hippocampal neuron morphology and function. J Neurosci 38:3060\u20133080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.1740-17.2018","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1286_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00796.x","volume":"54","author":"AE Aiello","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aiello AE, Haan M, Blythe L, Moore K, Gonzalez JM, Jagust W (2006) The influence of latent viral infection on rate of cognitive decline over 4 years. J Am Geriatr Soc 54:1046\u20131054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00796.x","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1286_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-01049-4","author":"G Aghagoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aghagoli G, Gallo Marin B, Katchur NJ, Chaves-Sell F, Asaad WF, Murphy SA (2020) Neurological involvement in covid-19 and potential mechanisms: a review. Neurocrit Care. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-020-01049-4","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"1286_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x15666170313122937","volume":"15","author":"M Sochocka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sochocka M, Zwoli\u0144ska K, Leszek J (2017) The infectious etiology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 15:996\u20131009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159x15666170313122937","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"1286_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/wad.0000000000000133","volume":"30","author":"VL Nimgaonkar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nimgaonkar VL, Yolken RH, Wang T, Chang CC, McClain L, McDade E, Snitz BE, Ganguli M (2016) Temporal cognitive decline associated with exposure to infectious agents in a population-based, aging cohort. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 30:216\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/wad.0000000000000133","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"1286_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1091","volume":"368","author":"T Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, Yan W, Yang D, Chen G, Ma K, Xu D, Yu H, Wang H, Wang T, Guo W, Chen J, Ding C, Zhang X, Huang J, Han M, Li S, Luo X, Zhao J, Ning Q (2020) Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ 368:m1091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m1091","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1286_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.10.09.20207464","author":"F Crunfli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Crunfli F, Corasolla Carregari V, Veras FP, Vendramini PH, Valenca AGF, Antunes ASLM, Brandao-Teles C, Zuccoli GdS, Reis-de-Oliveira G, Silva-Costa LC, Saia-Cereda VM, Codo AC, Parise PL, Toledo-Teixeira DA, de Souza GF, Muraro SP, Melo BMS, Almeida GM, Firmino EMS, Ludwig RG, Palermo Ruiz G, Knittel TL, Davanzo GG, Gerhardt JA, Rodrigues PB, Forato J, Amorim MR, Brunetti Silva N, Martini MC, Benatti MN, Batah S, Siyuan L, Pereira Silva REM, Jo\u00e3o RB, Scardua Silva L, Nogueira MH, Karmann Aventurato I, Rabelo de Brito M, Machado Alvim MK, da Silva Junior JR, Dami\u00e3o LL, Castilho Stefano MEdP, Pereira de Sousa IM, Dias da Rocha E, Gon\u00e7alves SM, Lopes da Silva LH, Bettini V, Machado de Campos B, Ludwig G, Mendes Viana RM, Martins R, Vieira AS, Alves-Filho JC, de Arruda NE, Sebollela A, Cendes F, Cunha FQ, Dam\u00e1sio A, Vinolo MAR, Munhoz CD, Rehen SK, Mauad T, Duarte-Neto AN, Ferraz da Silva LF, Dolhnikoff M, Saldiva P, Todorovic Fabro A, Farias AS, Moraes-Vieira PMM, Proen\u00e7a M\u00f3dena JL, Lin Yasuda C, Mori MA, Cunha TM, Martins-de-Souza D (2020) Sars-cov-2 infects brain astrocytes of covid-19 patients and impairs neuronal viability. medRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.10.09.20207464","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"1286_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare8030286","volume":"8","author":"G Abate","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abate G, Memo M, Uberti D (2020) Impact of covid-19 on Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk: viewpoint for research action. Healthcare (Basel) 8:286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare8030286","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"1286_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12255","author":"GA de Erausquin","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Erausquin GA, Snyder H, Carrillo M, Hosseini AA, Brugha TS, Seshadri S (2021) The chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of covid-19: the need for a prospective study of viral impact on brain functioning. Alzheimers Dement. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12255","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"1286_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1179\/2047480615Z.000000000329","volume":"24","author":"R Ferrari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferrari R (2015) Writing narrative style literature reviews. Med Writ 24:230\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/2047480615Z.000000000329","journal-title":"Med Writ"},{"key":"1286_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/s0899-3467(07)60142-6","volume":"5","author":"BN Green","year":"2006","unstructured":"Green BN, Johnson CD, Adams A (2006) Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: secrets of the trade. J Chiropr Med 5:101\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0899-3467(07)60142-6","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"1286_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2010.01.001","volume":"21","author":"S Borson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borson S (2010) Cognition, aging, and disabilities: conceptual issues. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 21:375\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmr.2010.01.001","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"1286_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15056","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.56","volume":"1","author":"CL Masters","year":"2015","unstructured":"Masters CL, Bateman R, Blennow K, Rowe CC, Sperling RA, Cummings JL (2015) Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Rev Dis Prim 1:15056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2015.56","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"1286_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150200064","volume":"249","author":"H Sittinger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sittinger H, M\u00fcller M, Schweizer I, Merkelbach S (2002) Mild cognitive impairment after viral meningitis in adults. J Neurol 249:554\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004150200064","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit458","volume":"57","author":"A Venkatesan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Venkatesan A, Tunkel AR, Bloch KC, Lauring AS, Sejvar J, Bitnun A, Stahl JP, Mailles A, Drebot M, Rupprecht CE, Yoder J, Cope JR, Wilson MR, Whitley RJ, Sullivan J, Granerod J, Jones C, Eastwood K, Ward KN, Durrheim DN, Solbrig MV, Guo-Dong L, Glaser CA (2013) Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium. Clin Infect Dis 57:1114\u20131128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cit458","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.04.058","volume":"25","author":"T Tapiainen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tapiainen T, Prevots R, Izurieta HS, Abramson J, Bilynsky R, Bonhoeffer J, Bonnet MC, Center K, Galama J, Gillard P, Griot M, Hartmann K, Heininger U, Hudson M, Koller A, Khetsuriani N, Khuri-Bulos N, Marcy SM, Matulionyte R, Sch\u00f6ndorf I, Sejvar J, Steele R (2007) Aseptic meningitis: case definition and guidelines for collection, analysis and presentation of immunization safety data. Vaccine 25:5793\u20135802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.04.058","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1286_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1086\/648419","volume":"49","author":"A Mailles","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mailles A, Stahl JP (2009) Infectious encephalitis in france in 2007: a national prospective study. Clin Infect Dis 49:1838\u20131847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/648419","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104169","volume":"9","author":"BP George","year":"2014","unstructured":"George BP, Schneider EB, Venkatesan A (2014) Encephalitis hospitalization rates and inpatient mortality in the United States, 2000\u20132010. PLoS ONE 9:e104169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0104169","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1286_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.016","volume":"24","author":"J Bodilsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bodilsen J, Storgaard M, Larsen L, Wiese L, Helweg-Larsen J, Lebech AM, Brandt C, \u00d8stergaard C, Nielsen H (2018) Infectious meningitis and encephalitis in adults in Denmark: a prospective nationwide observational cohort study (dasgib). Clin Microbiol Infect 24:1102.e1-1102.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"1286_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1086\/521262","volume":"45","author":"A Hjalmarsson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hjalmarsson A, Blomqvist P, Sk\u00f6ldenberg B (2007) Herpes simplex encephalitis in Sweden, 1990\u20132001: incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Clin Infect Dis 45:875\u2013880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/521262","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8516-x","volume":"264","author":"S Modi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Modi S, Mahajan A, Dharaiya D, Varelas P, Mitsias P (2017) Burden of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in the United States. J Neurol 264:1204\u20131208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-017-8516-x","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-016-0433-7","volume":"13","author":"MJ Bradshaw","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bradshaw MJ, Venkatesan A (2016) Herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis in adults: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Neurotherapeutics 13:493\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-016-0433-7","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"1286_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280590922793","volume":"11","author":"I Mori","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mori I, Nishiyama Y, Yokochi T, Kimura Y (2005) Olfactory transmission of neurotropic viruses. J Neurovirol 11:129\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13550280590922793","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"1286_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-524","volume":"3","author":"HM Dagsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dagsd\u00f3ttir HM, Sigur\u00f0ard\u00f3ttir B, Gottfre\u00f0sson M, Kristj\u00e1nsson M, L\u00f6ve A, Baldvinsd\u00f3ttir GE, Gu\u00f0mundsson S (2014) Herpes simplex encephalitis in Iceland 1987\u20132011. Springerplus 3:524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2193-1801-3-524","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"1286_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30316-8","volume":"17","author":"BJ Balin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Balin BJ, Hudson AP (2018) Herpes viruses and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: new evidence in the debate. Lancet Neurol 17:839\u2013841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30316-8","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200814","volume":"78","author":"MR Duggan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duggan MR, Torkzaban B, Ahooyi TM, Khalili K (2020) Potential role for herpesviruses in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 78:855\u2013869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-200814","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.06.030","volume":"99","author":"WA Eimer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eimer WA, Vijaya Kumar DK, Navalpur Shanmugam NK, Rodriguez AS, Mitchell T, Washicosky KJ, Gy\u00f6rgy B, Breakefield XO, Tanzi RE, Moir RD (2018) Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated \u03b2-amyloid is rapidly seeded by herpesviridae to protect against brain infection. Neuron 99:56-63.e53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.06.030","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1286_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1080\/09602010601137039","volume":"17","author":"L Hokkanen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hokkanen L, Launes J (2007) Neuropsychological sequelae of acute-onset sporadic viral encephalitis. Neuropsychol Rehabil 17:450\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09602010601137039","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"key":"1286_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/13554799508402374","volume":"1","author":"M Verfaellie","year":"1995","unstructured":"Verfaellie M, Croce P, Milberg WP (1995) The role of episodic memory in semantic learning: an examination of vocabulary acquisition in a patient with amnesia due to encephalitis. Neurocase 1:291\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13554799508402374","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"key":"1286_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/s0028-3932(99)00089-5","volume":"38","author":"M Verfaellie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Verfaellie M, Koseff P, Alexander MP (2000) Acquisition of novel semantic information in amnesia: effects of lesion location. Neuropsychologia 38:484\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0028-3932(99)00089-5","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"1286_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.024","volume":"43","author":"RA McCarthy","year":"2005","unstructured":"McCarthy RA, Kopelman MD, Warrington EK (2005) Remembering and forgetting of semantic knowledge in amnesia: a 16-year follow-up investigation of RFR. Neuropsychologia 43:356\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.024","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"1286_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7024","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.20-18-07024.2000","volume":"20","author":"L Stefanacci","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stefanacci L, Buffalo EA, Schmolck H, Squire LR (2000) Profound amnesia after damage to the medial temporal lobe: a neuroanatomical and neuropsychological profile of patient e. P. J Neurosci 20:7024\u20137036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.20-18-07024.2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1286_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6710","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401679101","volume":"101","author":"DA Levy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Levy DA, Bayley PJ, Squire LR (2004) The anatomy of semantic knowledge: medial vs. lateral temporal lobe. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:6710\u20136715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0401679101","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1286_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639508405157","volume":"17","author":"BA Wilson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wilson BA, Baddeley AD, Kapur N (1995) Dense amnesia in a professional musician following herpes simplex virus encephalitis. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 17:668\u2013681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01688639508405157","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"1286_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(90)90076-Q","volume":"40","author":"AR Damasio","year":"1990","unstructured":"Damasio AR, Tranel D (1990) Knowing that \u2018Colorado\u2019 goes with \u2018Denver\u2019 does not imply knowledge that \u2018Denver\u2019 is in \u2018Colorado.\u2019 Behav Brain Res 40:193\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0166-4328(90)90076-Q","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"1286_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1993.5.1.79","volume":"5","author":"D Tranel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tranel D, Damasio AR (1993) The covert learning of affective valence does not require structures in hippocampal system or amygdala. J Cogn Neurosci 5:79\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn.1993.5.1.79","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"1286_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.11.1334","volume":"57","author":"N Kapur","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kapur N, Barker S, Burrows EH, Ellison D, Brice J, Illis LS, Scholey K, Colbourn C, Wilson B, Loates M (1994) Herpes simplex encephalitis: long term magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological profile. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57:1334\u20131342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.57.11.1334","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1286_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.10.1284","volume":"51","author":"V Pietrini","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pietrini V, Nertempi P, Vaglia A, Revello MG, Pinna V, Ferro-Milone F (1988) Recovery from herpes simplex encephalitis: selective impairment of specific semantic categories with neuroradiological correlation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 51:1284\u20131293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.51.10.1284","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1286_CR49","first-page":"180","volume":"10","author":"TF Utley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Utley TF, Ogden JA, Gibb A, McGrath N, Anderson NE (1997) The long-term neuropsychological outcome of herpes simplex encephalitis in a series of unselected survivors. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 10:180\u2013189","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550100038013","volume":"53","author":"L Hokkanen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hokkanen L, Salonen O, Launes J (1996) Amnesia in acute herpetic and nonherpetic encephalitis. Arch Neurol 53:972\u2013978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550100038013","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BEN-1991-4401","volume":"4","author":"B Laurent","year":"1991","unstructured":"Laurent B, Allegri RF, Thomas-Anterion C, Foyatier N, Naegele-Faure B, Pellat J (1991) Long term neuropsychological follow-up in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis and predominantly left-sided lesions. Behav Neurol 4:432895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/BEN-1991-4401","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis226","volume":"54","author":"A Mailles","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mailles A, De Broucker T, Costanzo P, Martinez-Almoyna L, Vaillant V, Stahl JP (2012) Long-term outcome of patients presenting with acute infectious encephalitis of various causes in France. Clin Infect Dis 54:1455\u20131464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cis226","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1009079531196","volume":"10","author":"L Hokkanen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hokkanen L, Launes J (2000) Cognitive outcome in acute sporadic encephalitis. Neuropsychol Rev 10:151\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1009079531196","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"1286_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(84)92623-0","volume":"2","author":"B Sk\u00f6ldenberg","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sk\u00f6ldenberg B, Forsgren M, Alestig K, Bergstr\u00f6m T, Burman L, Dahlqvist E, Forkman A, Fryd\u00e9n A, L\u00f6vgren K, Norlin K et al (1984) Acyclovir versus vidarabine in herpes simplex encephalitis. Randomised multicentre study in consecutive swedish patients. Lancet (London, England) 2:707\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(84)92623-0","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"1286_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm198601163140303","volume":"314","author":"RJ Whitley","year":"1986","unstructured":"Whitley RJ, Alford CA, Hirsch MS, Schooley RT, Luby JP, Aoki FY, Hanley D, Nahmias AJ, Soong SJ (1986) Vidarabine versus acyclovir therapy in herpes simplex encephalitis. N Engl J Med 314:144\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm198601163140303","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1286_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-0611-x","volume":"15","author":"NS Tzeng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tzeng NS, Chung CH, Lin FH, Chiang CP, Yeh CB, Huang SY, Lu RB, Chang HA, Kao YC, Yeh HW, Chiang WS, Chou YC, Tsao CH, Wu YF, Chien WC (2018) Anti-herpetic medications and reduced risk of dementia in patients with herpes simplex virus infections\u2014a nationwide, population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Neurotherapeutics 15:417\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-018-0611-x","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"1286_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05684-0","volume":"45","author":"P Jaquet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jaquet P, de Montmollin E, Dupuis C, Sazio C, Conrad M, Susset V, Demeret S, Tadie JM, Argaud L, Barbier F, Sarton B, Chabane R, Daubin D, Brul\u00e9 N, Lerolle N, Alves M, Da Silva D, Kalioubi AE, Silva S, Bailly P, Wolff M, Bouadma L, Timsit JF, Sonneville R (2019) Functional outcomes in adult patients with herpes simplex encephalitis admitted to the ICU: a multicenter cohort study. Intensive Care Med 45:1103\u20131111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-019-05684-0","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1286_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(10)70222-x","volume":"10","author":"J Granerod","year":"2010","unstructured":"Granerod J, Ambrose HE, Davies NW, Clewley JP, Walsh AL, Morgan D, Cunningham R, Zuckerman M, Mutton KJ, Solomon T, Ward KN, Lunn MP, Irani SR, Vincent A, Brown DW, Crowcroft NS (2010) Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: a multicentre, population-based prospective study. Lancet Infect Dis 10:835\u2013844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(10)70222-x","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1086\/648474","volume":"200","author":"ER Richter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Richter ER, Dias JK, Gilbert JE 2nd, Atherton SS (2009) Distribution of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella zoster virus in ganglia of the human head and neck. J Infect Dis 200:1901\u20131906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/648474","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/qco.0000000000000647","volume":"33","author":"MA Nagel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nagel MA, Niemeyer CS, Bubak AN (2020) Central nervous system infections produced by varicella zoster virus. Curr Opin Infect Dis 33:273\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/qco.0000000000000647","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70267-3","volume":"6","author":"I Steiner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Steiner I, Kennedy PGE, Pachner AR (2007) The neurotropic herpes viruses: herpes simplex and varicella-zoster. Lancet Neurol 6:1015\u20131028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70267-3","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa185","volume":"72","author":"LK Herlin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herlin LK, Hansen KS, Bodilsen J, Larsen L, Brandt C, Andersen C, Hansen BR, Rudolf L\u00fcttichau H, Helweg-Larsen J, Wiese L, Storgaard M, Nielsen H, Mogensen TH (2020) Varicella zoster virus encephalitis in Denmark from 2015 to 2019\u2014a nationwide prospective cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 72:1192\u20131199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa185","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0867-6","volume":"44","author":"Q Kaewpoowat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaewpoowat Q, Salazar L, Aguilera E, Wootton SH, Hasbun R (2016) Herpes simplex and varicella zoster cns infections: clinical presentations, treatments and outcomes. Infection 44:337\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-015-0867-6","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"1286_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz635","volume":"70","author":"MA Hansen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hansen MA, Samannodi MS, Castelblanco RL, Hasbun R (2020) Clinical epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of encephalitis in older adults. Clin Infect Dis 70:2377\u20132385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciz635","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-6883-5","volume":"260","author":"A Grahn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grahn A, Hagberg L, Nilsson S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Studahl M (2013) Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in patients with Varicella-Zoster virus CNS infections. J Neurol 260:1813\u20131821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-013-6883-5","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00918","volume":"10","author":"W Xiong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiong W, Lu L, Xiao Y, Li J, Zhou D (2019) Mortality and disability due to Japanese encephalitis in elderly adults: evidence from an adult tertiary care center in West China. Front Neurol 10:918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.00918","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3332\/cdi.2019.43.14","author":"K Knope","year":"2019","unstructured":"Knope K, Doggett SL, Jansen CC, Johansen CA, Kurucz N, Feldman R, Lynch SE, Hobby MP, Sly A, Jardine A, Bennett S, Currie BJ, the National A, Malaria Advisory C (2019) Arboviral diseases and malaria in Australia, 2014\u201315: annual report of the national arbovirus and malaria advisory committee. Commun Dis Intell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3332\/cdi.2019.43.14","journal-title":"Commun Dis Intell"},{"key":"1286_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-018-0635-8","volume":"20","author":"JP Caldwell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Caldwell JP, Chen LH, Hamer DH (2018) Evolving epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis: implications for vaccination. Curr Infect Dis Rep 20:30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11908-018-0635-8","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"key":"1286_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008260","volume":"16","author":"JT Hsieh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hsieh JT, St John AL (2020) Japanese encephalitis virus and its mechanisms of neuroinvasion. PLoS Pathog 16:e1008260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008260","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"1286_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-444-53488-0.00026-2","volume":"123","author":"MJ Griffiths","year":"2014","unstructured":"Griffiths MJ, Turtle L, Solomon T (2014) Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Handb Clin Neurol 123:561\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-444-53488-0.00026-2","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5249-5","volume":"256","author":"NM Dung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dung NM, Turtle L, Chong WK, Mai NT, Thao TT, Thuy TT, Kneen R, Phu NH, Wills B, Farrar J, Das K, Solomon T (2009) An evaluation of the usefulness of neuroimaging for the diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis. J Neurol 256:2052\u20132060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-009-5249-5","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR72","first-page":"9","volume":"97","author":"R Kumar","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kumar R, Mathur A, Singh KB, Sitholey P, Prasad M, Shukla R, Agarwal SP, Arockiasamy J (1993) Clinical sequelae of japanese encephalitis in children. Indian J Med Res 97:9\u201313","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"1286_CR73","first-page":"549","volume":"25","author":"BV Huy","year":"1994","unstructured":"Huy BV, Tu HC, Luan TV, Lindqvist R (1994) Early mental and neurological sequelae after Japanese b encephalitis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 25:549\u2013553","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"1286_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0148","volume":"92","author":"Z Yin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yin Z, Wang X, Li L, Li H, Zhang X, Li J, Ning G, Li F, Liang X, Gao L, Liang X, Li Y (2015) Neurological sequelae of hospitalized Japanese encephalitis cases in Gansu province, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92:1125\u20131129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0148","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1286_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1947.s1-27.727","volume":"27","author":"TW Simpson","year":"1947","unstructured":"Simpson TW, Meiklejohn G (1947) Sequelae of Japanese b encephalitis1,2,3. Am J Trop Med Hyg 27:727\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.1947.s1-27.727","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1286_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6131-9","volume":"259","author":"NB Sarkari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sarkari NB, Thacker AK, Barthwal SP, Mishra VK, Prapann S, Srivastava D, Sarkari M (2012) Japanese encephalitis (je) part II: 14 years\u2019 follow-up of survivors. J Neurol 259:58\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-011-6131-9","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9963-6","volume":"54","author":"PS Chauhan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chauhan PS, Khanna VK, Kalita J, Misra UK (2017) Japanese encephalitis virus infection results in transient dysfunction of memory learning and cholinesterase inhibition. Mol Neurobiol 54:4705\u20134715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-016-9963-6","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1286_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268812001070","volume":"141","author":"LR Petersen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Petersen LR, Carson PJ, Biggerstaff BJ, Custer B, Borchardt SM, Busch MP (2013) Estimated cumulative incidence of West Nile virus infection in us adults, 1999\u20132010. Epidemiol Infect 141:591\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268812001070","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"1286_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2403-z","volume":"17","author":"J Lohitharajah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lohitharajah J, Malavige N, Arambepola C, Wanigasinghe J, Gamage R, Gunaratne P, Ratnayake P, Chang T (2017) Viral aetiologies of acute encephalitis in a hospital-based South Asian population. BMC Infect Dis 17:303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-017-2403-z","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1086\/322700","volume":"33","author":"LJ Strausbaugh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Strausbaugh LJ, Marfin AA, Gubler DJ (2001) West Nile encephalitis: an emerging disease in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 33:1713\u20131719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/322700","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1713751","volume":"18","author":"JV Camp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Camp JV, Nowotny N (2020) The knowns and unknowns of west nile virus in europe: What did we learn from the 2018 outbreak? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 18:145\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14787210.2020.1713751","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"1286_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.3390\/v6072796","volume":"6","author":"WW Suen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suen WW, Prow NA, Hall RA, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H (2014) Mechanism of West Nile virus neuroinvasion: a critical appraisal. Viruses 6:2796\u20132825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v6072796","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"1286_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.4.511","volume":"290","author":"JJ Sejvar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sejvar JJ, Haddad MB, Tierney BC, Campbell GL, Marfin AA, Van Gerpen JA, Fleischauer A, Leis AA, Stokic DS, Petersen LR (2003) Neurologic manifestations and outcome of West Nile virus infection. JAMA 290:511\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.290.4.511","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1286_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1086\/503038","volume":"42","author":"AV Bode","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bode AV, Sejvar JJ, Pape WJ, Campbell GL, Marfin AA (2006) West Nile virus disease: a descriptive study of 228 patients hospitalized in a 4-county region of Colorado in 2003. Clin Infect Dis 42:1234\u20131240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/503038","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1008.030879","volume":"10","author":"AL Klee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Klee AL, Maidin B, Edwin B, Poshni I, Mostashari F, Fine A, Layton M, Nash D (2004) Long-term prognosis for clinical West Nile virus infection. Emerg Infect Dis 10:1405\u20131411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1008.030879","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1207.051399","volume":"12","author":"JL Patnaik","year":"2006","unstructured":"Patnaik JL, Harmon H, Vogt RL (2006) Follow-up of 2003 human West Nile virus infections, Denver, Colorado. Emerg Infect Dis 12:1129\u20131131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1207.051399","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102953","volume":"9","author":"KO Murray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murray KO, Garcia MN, Rahbar MH, Martinez D, Khuwaja SA, Arafat RR, Rossmann S (2014) Survival analysis, long-term outcomes, and percentage of recovery up to 8 years post-infection among the houston West Nile virus cohort. PLoS ONE 9:e102953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0102953","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1286_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00111","volume":"9","author":"KO Murray","year":"2018","unstructured":"Murray KO, Nolan MS, Ronca SE, Datta S, Govindarajan K, Narayana PA, Salazar L, Woods SP, Hasbun R (2018) The neurocognitive and mri outcomes of West Nile virus infection: preliminary analysis using an external control group. Front Neurol 9:111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2018.00111","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158364","volume":"11","author":"Z Samaan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Samaan Z, McDermid Vaz S, Bawor M, Potter TH, Eskandarian S, Loeb M (2016) Neuropsychological impact of West Nile virus infection: an extensive neuropsychiatric assessment of 49 cases in canada. PLoS ONE 11:e0158364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0158364","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1286_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2019.104213","volume":"122","author":"CP Popescu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Popescu CP, Florescu SA, Hasbun R, Harxhi A, Evendar R, Kahraman H, Neuberger A, Codreanu D, Zaharia MF, Tosun S, Ceausu E, Ruta SM, Dragovac G, Pshenichnaya N, Gopatsa G, Shmaylenko O, Nagy \u00c9, Malbasa JD, Strbac M, Pandak N, Pullukcu H, Lakatos B, Cag Y, Cascio A, Coledan I, Oncu S, Erdem H (2020) Prediction of unfavorable outcomes in West Nile virus neuroinvasive infection\u2014result of a multinational Id-Iri study. J Clin Virol 122:104213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2019.104213","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"1286_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1086\/506939","volume":"43","author":"PJ Carson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Carson PJ, Konewko P, Wold KS, Mariani P, Goli S, Bergloff P, Crosby RD (2006) Long-term clinical and neuropsychological outcomes of West Nile virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 43:723\u2013730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/506939","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(18)30245-7","volume":"18","author":"F McGill","year":"2018","unstructured":"McGill F, Griffiths MJ, Bonnett LJ, Geretti AM, Michael BD, Beeching NJ, McKee D, Scarlett P, Hart IJ, Mutton KJ, Jung A, Adan G, Gummery A, Sulaiman WAW, Ennis K, Martin AP, Haycox A, Miller A, Solomon T (2018) Incidence, aetiology, and sequelae of viral meningitis in UK adults: a multicentre prospective observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 18:992\u20131003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(18)30245-7","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.602267","volume":"11","author":"MA Aldriweesh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aldriweesh MA, Shafaay EA, Alwatban SM, Alkethami OM, Aljuraisi FN, Bosaeed M, Alharbi NK (2020) Viruses causing aseptic meningitis: a tertiary medical center experience with a multiplex PCR assay. Front Neurol 11:602267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.602267","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815000850","volume":"144","author":"L Nesher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nesher L, Hadi CM, Salazar L, Wootton SH, Garey KW, Lasco T, Luce AM, Hasbun R (2016) Epidemiology of meningitis with a negative csf gram stain: under-utilization of available diagnostic tests. Epidemiol Infect 144:189\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268815000850","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"1286_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26216","volume":"93","author":"LC da Rocha","year":"2020","unstructured":"da Rocha LC, Estofolete CF, de Aguiar Milhim BHG, Augusto MT, Zini N, da Silva GCD, Ferraz-Junior HC, Brienze VMS, Liso E, Cunha MS, Sabino EC, da Costa AC, Nogueira ML, Luchs A, Terzian ACB (2020) Enteric viruses circulating in undiagnosed central nervous system infections at tertiary hospital in s\u00e3o jos\u00e9 do rio preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. J Med Virol 93:3539\u20133548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26216","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"1286_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24316","volume":"88","author":"SH Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han SH, Choi HY, Kim JM, Park KR, Youn YC, Shin HW (2016) Etiology of aseptic meningitis and clinical characteristics in immune-competent adults. J Med Virol 88:175\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.24316","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"1286_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldh057","volume":"75\u201376","author":"DR Chadwick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chadwick DR (2005) Viral meningitis. Br Med Bull 75\u201376:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bmb\/ldh057","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"1286_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-444-53488-0.00018-3","volume":"123","author":"B Jubelt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jubelt B, Lipton HL (2014) Enterovirus\/picornavirus infections. Handb Clin Neurol 123:379\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-444-53488-0.00018-3","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR99","unstructured":"Sinclair W, Omar M (2021) Enterovirus. In: StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK562330\/"},{"key":"1286_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52570-2","volume":"9","author":"E Quist-Paulsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quist-Paulsen E, Ormaasen V, Kran A-MB, Dunlop O, Ueland PM, Ueland T, Eikeland R, Aukrust P, Nordenmark TH (2019) Encephalitis and aseptic meningitis: short-term and long-term outcome, quality of life and neuropsychological functioning. Sci Rep 9:16158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-52570-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1286_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh711","volume":"129","author":"H Schmidt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schmidt H, Heimann B, Djukic M, Mazurek C, Fels C, Wallesch CW, Nau R (2006) Neuropsychological sequelae of bacterial and viral meningitis. Brain 129:333\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awh711","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1286_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12539","volume":"133","author":"J Damsgaard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damsgaard J, Andersen H, Hjerrild S, Marinovskij E, Deutch S, Schembri A, Tarp B, Hagelskjaer Kristensen L, Age Lindberg J, Erlandsen M, Leutscher PD (2016) Neuropsychiatric symptoms among adult patients with aseptic meningitis: a prospective case series. Acta Psychiatr Scand 133:426\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.12539","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"1286_CR103","unstructured":"CDC (2019) Understanding influenza viruses. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/viruses\/index.htm. Acessed 03 Feb 2021"},{"key":"1286_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70121-4","volume":"12","author":"FS Dawood","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dawood FS, Iuliano AD, Reed C, Meltzer MI, Shay DK, Cheng P-Y, Bandaranayake D, Breiman RF, Brooks WA, Buchy P, Feikin DR, Fowler KB, Gordon A, Hien NT, Horby P, Huang QS, Katz MA, Krishnan A, Lal R, Montgomery JM, M\u00f8lbak K, Pebody R, Presanis AM, Razuri H, Steens A, Tinoco YO, Wallinga J, Yu H, Vong S, Bresee J, Widdowson M-A (2012) Estimated global mortality associated with the first 12 months of 2009 pandemic influenza a h1n1 virus circulation: a modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis 12:687\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70121-4","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0069-0","volume":"5","author":"MA Matthay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matthay MA, Zemans RL, Zimmerman GA, Arabi YM, Beitler JR, Mercat A, Herridge M, Randolph AG, Calfee CS (2019) Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers 5:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-019-0069-0","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"1286_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01314671","volume":"53","author":"V Frankov\u00e1","year":"1977","unstructured":"Frankov\u00e1 V, Jir\u00e1sek A, T\u016fmov\u00e1 B (1977) Type a influenza: postmortem virus isolations from different organs in human lethal cases. Arch Virol 53:265\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01314671","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"1286_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/0036554021000026986","volume":"35","author":"T Ichiyama","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ichiyama T, Isumi H, Ozawa H, Matsubara T, Morishima T, Furukawa S (2003) Cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of cytokines and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor in influenza virus-associated encephalopathy. Scand J Infect Dis 35:59\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0036554021000026986","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.12.005","volume":"29","author":"Y Fukumoto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fukumoto Y, Okumura A, Hayakawa F, Suzuki M, Kato T, Watanabe K, Morishima T (2007) Serum levels of cytokines and eeg findings in children with influenza associated with mild neurological complications. Brain Dev 29:425\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.12.005","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"1286_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2009.00124.x","volume":"53","author":"A Okumura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okumura A, Abe S, Kidokoro H, Mizuguchi M (2009) Acute necrotizing encephalopathy: a comparison between influenza and non-influenza cases. Microbiol Immunol 53:277\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2009.00124.x","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"1286_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4636-5","volume":"19","author":"MV Mastrolia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mastrolia MV, Rubino C, Resti M, Trapani S, Galli L (2019) Characteristics and outcome of influenza-associated encephalopathy\/encephalitis among children in a tertiary pediatric hospital in italy, 2017\u20132019. BMC Infect Dis 19:1012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4636-5","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit922","volume":"58","author":"A Goenka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goenka A, Michael BD, Ledger E, Hart IJ, Absoud M, Chow G, Lilleker J, Lunn M, McKee D, Peake D, Pysden K, Roberts M, Carrol ED, Lim M, Avula S, Solomon T, Kneen R (2014) Neurological manifestations of influenza infection in children and adults: results of a national british surveillance study. Clin Infect Dis 58:775\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cit922","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001545","author":"S Beraki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beraki S, Aronsson F, Karlsson H, Ogren SO, Kristensson K (2005) Influenza a virus infection causes alterations in expression of synaptic regulatory genes combined with changes in cognitive and emotional behaviors in mice. Mol Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.mp.4001545","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1286_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3958","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.6389-11.2012","volume":"32","author":"HA Jurgens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jurgens HA, Amancherla K, Johnson RW (2012) Influenza infection induces neuroinflammation, alters hippocampal neuron morphology, and impairs cognition in adult mice. J Neurosci 32:3958\u20133968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.6389-11.2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1286_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1080\/13554794.2013.791864","volume":"20","author":"J Lopez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lopez J, Lomen-Hoerth C, Deutsch GK, Kerchner GA, Koshy A (2014) Influenza-associated global amnesia and hippocampal imaging abnormality. Neurocase 20:446\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13554794.2013.791864","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"key":"1286_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009505","volume":"5","author":"SJ Soscia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Soscia SJ, Kirby JE, Washicosky KJ, Tucker SM, Ingelsson M, Hyman B, Burton MA, Goldstein LE, Duong S, Tanzi RE, Moir RD (2010) The Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated amyloid beta-protein is an antimicrobial peptide. PLoS ONE 5:e9505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0009505","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1286_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101364","volume":"9","author":"MR White","year":"2014","unstructured":"White MR, Kandel R, Tripathi S, Condon D, Qi L, Taubenberger J, Hartshorn KL (2014) Alzheimer\u2019s associated \u03b2-amyloid protein inhibits influenza a virus and modulates viral interactions with phagocytes. PLoS ONE 9:e101364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0101364","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1286_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000002868","volume":"95","author":"JC Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu JC, Hsu YP, Kao PF, Hao WR, Liu SH, Lin CF, Sung LC, Wu SY (2016) Influenza vaccination reduces dementia risk in chronic kidney disease patients: a population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 95:e2868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000002868","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1286_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2019-001155","volume":"68","author":"CS Luo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luo CS, Chi CC, Fang YA, Liu JC, Lee KY (2020) Influenza vaccination reduces dementia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide cohort study. J Investig Med 68:838\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jim-2019-001155","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"key":"1286_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4321-8","volume":"42","author":"MS Herridge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Herridge MS, Moss M, Hough CL, Hopkins RO, Rice TW, Bienvenu OJ, Azoulay E (2016) Recovery and outcomes after the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) in patients and their family caregivers. Intensive Care Med 42:725\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-016-4321-8","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1286_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182a16946","volume":"41","author":"ME Wilcox","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wilcox ME, Brummel NE, Archer K, Ely EW, Jackson JC, Hopkins RO (2013) Cognitive dysfunction in icu patients: risk factors, predictors, and rehabilitation interventions. Crit Care Med 41:S81-98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182a16946","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1286_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2025OC","volume":"185","author":"ME Mikkelsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mikkelsen ME, Christie JD, Lanken PN, Biester RC, Thompson BT, Bellamy SL, Localio AR, Demissie E, Hopkins RO, Angus DC (2012) The adult respiratory distress syndrome cognitive outcomes study: Long-term neuropsychological function in survivors of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185:1307\u20131315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201111-2025OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1286_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.1.45","volume":"161","author":"HP Kapfhammer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kapfhammer HP, Rothenh\u00e4usler HB, Krauseneck T, Stoll C, Schelling G (2004) Posttraumatic stress disorder and health-related quality of life in long-term survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 161:45\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.1.45","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1286_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200406-763OC","volume":"171","author":"RO Hopkins","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hopkins RO, Weaver LK, Collingridge D, Parkinson RB, Chan KJ, Orme JF Jr (2005) Two-year cognitive, emotional, and quality-of-life outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171:340\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200406-763OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1286_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2626-z","volume":"23","author":"C Sasannejad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sasannejad C, Ely EW, Lahiri S (2019) Long-term cognitive impairment after acute respiratory distress syndrome: a review of clinical impact and pathophysiological mechanisms. Crit Care 23:352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-019-2626-z","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1286_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.031","volume":"87","author":"Y Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, Duan J, Hashimoto K, Yang L, Liu C, Yang C (2020) Nervous system involvement after infection with covid-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun 87:18\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.031","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"1286_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0695-z","volume":"5","author":"Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Drosten C, Gulyaeva AA, Haagmans BL, Lauber C, Leontovich AM, Neuman BW, Penzar D, Perlman S, Poon LLM, Samborskiy DV, Sidorov IA, Sola I, Ziebuhr J, Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of V","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Drosten C, Gulyaeva AA, Haagmans BL, Lauber C, Leontovich AM, Neuman BW, Penzar D, Perlman S, Poon LLM, Samborskiy DV, Sidorov IA, Sola I, Ziebuhr J, Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of V (2020) The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: Classifying 2019-ncov and naming it sars-cov-2. Nat Microbiol 5:536\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-020-0695-z","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"1286_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1159\/000507423","volume":"64","author":"M Ciotti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ciotti M, Angeletti S, Minieri M, Giovannetti M, Benvenuto D, Pascarella S, Sagnelli C, Bianchi M, Bernardini S, Ciccozzi M (2019) Covid-19 outbreak: an overview. Chemotherapy 64:215\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000507423","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"1286_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2008597","volume":"382","author":"J Helms","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helms J, Kremer S, Merdji H, Clere-Jehl R, Schenck M, Kummerlen C, Collange O, Boulay C, Fafi-Kremer S, Ohana M, Anheim M, Meziani F (2020) Neurologic features in severe sars-cov-2 infection. N Engl J Med 382:2268\u20132270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2008597","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1286_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1036","author":"E Mahase","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahase E (2020) Covid-19: Who declares pandemic because of \u201calarming levels\u201d of spread, severity, and inaction. BMJ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m1036","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1286_CR130","unstructured":"Medicine JHU (2021) Coronavirus resource center. Johns Hopkins University. https:\/\/www.coronavirus.jhu.edu. Acessed 03 Mar 2021"},{"key":"1286_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n597","author":"E Mahase","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mahase E (2021) Covid-19: Where are we on vaccines and variants? BMJ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n597","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1286_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.027","volume":"87","author":"EA Troyer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Troyer EA, Kohn JN, Hong S (2020) Are we facing a crashing wave of neuropsychiatric sequelae of covid-19? Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms. Brain Behav Immun 87:34\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.027","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"1286_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15290","volume":"29","author":"K Usher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Usher K, Bhullar N, Jackson D (2020) Life in the pandemic: social isolation and mental health. J Clin Nurs 29:2756\u20132757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.15290","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"1286_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12726","volume":"29","author":"K Usher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Usher K, Durkin J, Bhullar N (2020) The covid-19 pandemic and mental health impacts. Int J Ment Health Nurs 29:315\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inm.12726","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"1286_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2020-0999","volume":"42","author":"AP Serafim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Serafim AP, Gon\u00e7alves PD, Rocca CC, Lotufo Neto F (2020) The impact of covid-19 on Brazilian mental health through vicarious traumatization. Braz J Psychiatr 42:450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1516-4446-2020-0999","journal-title":"Braz J Psychiatr"},{"key":"1286_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30287-X","volume":"7","author":"A Varatharaj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Varatharaj A, Thomas N, Ellul MA, Davies NWS, Pollak TA, Tenorio EL, Sultan M, Easton A, Breen G, Zandi M, Coles JP, Manji H, Al-Shahi Salman R, Menon DK, Nicholson TR, Benjamin LA, Carson A, Smith C, Turner MR, Solomon T, Kneen R, Pett SL, Galea I, Thomas RH, Michael BD, Allen C, Archibald N, Arkell J, Arthur-Farraj P, Baker M, Ball H, Bradley-Barker V, Brown Z, Bruno S, Carey L, Carswell C, Chakrabarti A, Choulerton J, Daher M, Davies R, Di Marco BR, Dima S, Dunley R, Dutta D, Ellis R, Everitt A, Fady J, Fearon P, Fisniku L, Gbinigie I, Gemski A, Gillies E, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Grigg J, Hamdalla H, Hubbett J, Hunter N, Huys A-C, Ihmoda I, Ispoglou S, Jha A, Joussi R, Kalladka D, Khalifeh H, Kooij S, Kumar G, Kyaw S, Li L, Littleton E, Macleod M, Macleod MJ, Madigan B, Mahadasa V, Manoharan M, Marigold R, Marks I, Matthews P, McCormick M, McInnes C, Metastasio A, Milburn-McNulty P, Mitchell C, Mitchell D, Morgans C, Morris H, Morrow J, Mubarak Mohamed A, Mulvenna P, Murphy L, Namushi R, Newman E, Phillips W, Pinto A, Price DA, Proschel H, Quinn T, Ramsey D, Roffe C, Ross Russell A, Samarasekera N, Sawcer S, Sayed W, Sekaran L, Serra-Mestres J, Snowdon V, Strike G, Sun J, Tang C, Vrana M, Wade R, Wharton C, Wiblin L, Boubriak I, Herman K, Plant G (2020) Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of covid-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study. Lancet Psychiatry 7:875\u2013882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30287-X","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"1286_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.08.28.20181883","author":"R Tuma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tuma R, Guedes B, Carra R, Iepsen B, Rodrigues J, Camelo Filho AE, Kubota G, Ferrari M, Studart-Neto A, Oku M, Terrim S, Lopes C, Passos Neto CE, Dalben M, De Souza J, Baima JP, Da Silva T, Perissinotti I, Martin MdG, Goncalves M, Fortini I, Smid J, Adoni T, Lucatto L, Nitrini R, Gomes H, Castro LH (2020) Clinical, cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging findings in covid-19 encephalopathy: a case series. medRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.08.28.20181883","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"1286_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26207","volume":"93","author":"RK Garg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garg RK, Paliwal VK, Gupta A (2021) Encephalopathy in patients with covid-19: a review. J Med Virol 93:206\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26207","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"1286_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6715","volume":"41","author":"S Kihira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kihira S, Delman BN, Belani P, Stein L, Aggarwal A, Rigney B, Schefflein J, Doshi AH, Pawha PS (2020) Imaging features of acute encephalopathy in patients with covid-19: a case series. Am J Neuroradiol 41:1804\u20131808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A6715","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"1286_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.022","volume":"129","author":"H Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou H, Lu S, Chen J, Wei N, Wang D, Lyu H, Shi C, Hu S (2020) The landscape of cognitive function in recovered covid-19 patients. J Psychiatr Res 129:98\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.022","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"1286_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.09.376","volume":"102","author":"F Negrini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Negrini F, Ferrario I, Mazziotti D, Berchicci M, Bonazzi M, de Sire A, Negrini S, Zapparoli L (2020) Neuropsychological features of severe hospitalized covid-19 patients at clinical stability and clues for post-acute rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 102:155\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.09.376","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1286_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-00978-8","author":"A Jaywant","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jaywant A, Vanderlind WM, Alexopoulos GS, Fridman CB, Perlis RH, Gunning FM (2021) Frequency and profile of objective cognitive deficits in hospitalized patients recovering from covid-19. Neuropsychopharmacology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-021-00978-8","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"1286_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100484","volume":"25","author":"Y Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu Y, Li X, Geng D, Mei N, Wu P-Y, Huang C-C, Jia T, Zhao Y, Wang D, Xiao A, Yin B (2020) Cerebral micro-structural changes in covid-19 patients\u2014an MRI-based 3-month follow-up study. EClinicalMedicine 25:100484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100484","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"1286_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020202222","volume":"297","author":"PS Kremer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kremer PS, Lersy F, S\u00e8ze PJd, Ferr\u00e9 PJ-C, Maamar A, Carsin-Nicol B, Collange PO, Bonneville PF, Adam G, Martin-Blondel PG, Rafiq M, Geeraerts PT, Delamarre L, Grand S, Krainik PA, Caillard PS, Constans PJM, Metanbou S, Heintz A, Helms PJ, Schenck M, Lef\u00e8bvre N, Boutet PC, Fabre X, Forestier G, Beaurepaire Id, Bornet G, Lacalm A, Oesterl\u00e9 H, Bolognini F, Messie J, Hmeydia G, Benzakoun J, Oppenheim PC, Bapst B, Megdiche I, Henri-Feugeas M-C, Khalil PA, Gaudemer A, Jager L, Nesser P, Mba YT, Hemmert C, Feuerstein P, Sebag N, Carr\u00e9 S, Alleg M, Lecocq C, Schmitt E, Anxionnat PR, Zhu F, Comby P-O, Ricolfi PF, Thouant P, Desal PH, Boulouis G, Berge J, Kaz\u00e9mi A, Pyatigorskaya N, Lecler A, Saleme S, Edjlali-Goujon M, Kerleroux B, Zorn P-E, Mathieu M, Baloglu S, Ardellier F-D, Willaume T, Brisset JC, Boulay C, Mutschler V, Hansmann PY, Mertes PP-M, Schneider PF, Fafi-Kremer PS, Ohana PM, Meziani PF, David PJ-S, Meyer PN, Anheim PM (2020) Cotton PF Brain MRI findings in severe covid-19: a retrospective observational study. Radiology 297:242\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2020202222","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1286_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E119","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201187","volume":"296","author":"N Poyiadji","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, Stone M, Patel S, Griffith B (2020) Covid-19\u2013associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: imaging features. Radiology 296:E119\u2013E120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2020201187","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1286_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E232","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201697","volume":"297","author":"SG Kandemirli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kandemirli SG, Dogan L, Sarikaya ZT, Kara S, Akinci C, Kaya D, Kaya Y, Yildirim D, Tuzuner F, Yildirim MS, Ozluk E, Gucyetmez B, Karaarslan E, Koyluoglu I, Kaya HSD, Mammadov O, Ozdemir IK, Afsar N, Yalcinkaya BC, Rasimoglu S, Guduk DE, Jima AK, Ilksoz A, Ersoz V, Eren MY, Celtik N, Arslan S, Korkmazer B, Dincer SS, Gulek E, Dikmen I, Yazici M, Unsal S, Ljama T, Demirel I, Ayyildiz A, Kesimci I, Deveci SB, Tutuncu M, Kizilkilic O, Telci L, Zengin R, Dincer A, Akinci IO, Kocer N (2020) Brain mri findings in patients in the intensive care unit with covid-19 infection. Radiology 297:E232\u2013E235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2020201697","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1286_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.062","volume":"94","author":"T Moriguchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, Harada D, Sugawara H, Takamino J, Ueno M, Sakata H, Kondo K, Myose N, Nakao A, Takeda M, Haro H, Inoue O, Suzuki-Inoue K, Kubokawa K, Ogihara S, Sasaki T, Kinouchi H, Kojin H, Ito M, Onishi H, Shimizu T, Sasaki Y, Enomoto N, Ishihara H, Furuya S, Yamamoto T, Shimada S (2020) A first case of meningitis\/encephalitis associated with sars-coronavirus-2. Int J Infect Dis 94:55\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.062","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14478","volume":"27","author":"C Delorme","year":"2020","unstructured":"Delorme C, Paccoud O, Kas A, Hesters A, Bombois S, Shambrook P, Boullet A, Doukhi D, Le Guennec L, Godefroy N, Maatoug R, Fossati P, Millet B, Navarro V, Bruneteau G, Demeret S, Pourcher V (2020) Covid-19-related encephalopathy: a case series with brain fdg-pet\/ct findings. Eur J Neurol 27:1651\u20132657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.14478","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3556","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x17701764","volume":"37","author":"LR Haggstrom","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haggstrom LR, Nelson JA, Wegner EA, Caplan GA (2017) 2-(18)f-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in delirium. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 37:3556\u20133567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678x17701764","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"1286_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1212\/nxi.0000000000000893","volume":"7","author":"H Alexopoulos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alexopoulos H, Magira E, Bitzogli K, Kafasi N, Vlachoyiannopoulos P, Tzioufas A, Kotanidou A, Dalakas MC (2020) Anti-sars-cov-2 antibodies in the csf, blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction, and neurological outcome: studies in 8 stuporous and comatose patients. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 7:893. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/nxi.0000000000000893","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"1286_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02134-7","volume":"58","author":"I Alquisiras-Burgos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alquisiras-Burgos I, Peralta-Arrieta I, Alonso-Palomares LA, Zacapala-G\u00f3mez AE, Salmer\u00f3n-B\u00e1rcenas EG, Aguilera P (2020) Neurological complications associated with the blood-brain barrier damage induced by the inflammatory response during sars-cov-2 infection. Mol Neurobiol 58:520\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-020-02134-7","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1286_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00965-3","volume":"26","author":"DE Ribeiro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ribeiro DE, Oliveira-Giacomelli \u00c1, Glaser T, Arnaud-Sampaio VF, Andrejew R, Dieckmann L, Baranova J, Lameu C, Ratajczak MZ, Ulrich H (2020) Hyperactivation of p2x7 receptors as a culprit of covid-19 neuropathology. Mol Psychiatry 26:1044\u20131059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-020-00965-3","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1286_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2011400","volume":"383","author":"VG Puelles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Puelles VG, L\u00fctgehetmann M, Lindenmeyer MT, Sperhake JP, Wong MN, Allweiss L, Chilla S, Heinemann A, Wanner N, Liu S, Braun F, Lu S, Pfefferle S, Schr\u00f6der AS, Edler C, Gross O, Glatzel M, Wichmann D, Wiech T, Kluge S, Pueschel K, Aepfelbacher M, Huber TB (2020) Multiorgan and renal tropism of sars-cov-2. N Engl J Med 383:590\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2011400","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1286_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25915","volume":"92","author":"A Paniz-Mondolfi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paniz-Mondolfi A, Bryce C, Grimes Z, Gordon RE, Reidy J, Lednicky J, Sordillo EM, Fowkes M (2020) Central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2). J Med Virol 92:699\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25915","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"1286_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.012","volume":"87","author":"YH Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang YH, Jiang D, Huang JT (2020) Sars-cov-2 detected in cerebrospinal fluid by pcr in a case of covid-19 encephalitis. Brain Behav Immun 87:149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.012","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"1286_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14536","volume":"27","author":"Z Khodamoradi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khodamoradi Z, Hosseini SA, Gholampoor Saadi MH, Mehrabi Z, Sasani MR, Yaghoubi S (2020) Covid-19 meningitis without pulmonary involvement with positive cerebrospinal fluid pcr. Eur J Neurol 27:2668\u20132669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.14536","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30308-2","volume":"19","author":"J Matschke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matschke J, L\u00fctgehetmann M, Hagel C, Sperhake JP, Schr\u00f6der AS, Edler C, Mushumba H, Fitzek A, Allweiss L, Dandri M, Dottermusch M, Heinemann A, Pfefferle S, Schwabenland M, Sumner Magruder D, Bonn S, Prinz M, Gerloff C, P\u00fcschel K, Krasemann S, Aepfelbacher M, Glatzel M (2020) Neuropathology of patients with covid-19 in germany: a post-mortem case series. Lancet Neurol 19:919\u2013929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30308-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666-5247(20)30066-5","volume":"1","author":"G Destras","year":"2020","unstructured":"Destras G, Bal A, Escuret V, Morfin F, Lina B, Josset L (2020) Systematic sars-cov-2 screening in cerebrospinal fluid during the covid-19 pandemic. Lancet Microbe 1:e149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2666-5247(20)30066-5","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"1286_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117090","volume":"418","author":"B Neumann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neumann B, Schmidbauer ML, Dimitriadis K, Otto S, Knier B, Niesen WD, Hosp JA, G\u00fcnther A, Lindemann S, Nagy G, Steinberg T, Linker RA, Hemmer B, B\u00f6sel J (2020) Cerebrospinal fluid findings in covid-19 patients with neurological symptoms. J Neurol Sci 418:117090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117090","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"1286_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09975-1","volume":"267","author":"D Andriuta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andriuta D, Roger PA, Thibault W, Toublanc B, Sauzay C, Castelain S, Godefroy O, Brochot E (2020) Covid-19 encephalopathy: detection of antibodies against sars-cov-2 in csf. J Neurol 267:2810\u20132811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-020-09975-1","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-444-63855-7.00002-2","volume":"164","author":"TD Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith TD, Bhatnagar KP (2019) Anatomy of the olfactory system. Handb Clin Neurol 164:17\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-444-63855-7.00002-2","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa330","volume":"71","author":"A Giacomelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giacomelli A, Pezzati L, Conti F, Bernacchia D, Siano M, Oreni L, Rusconi S, Gervasoni C, Ridolfo AL, Rizzardini G, Antinori S, Galli M (2020) Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in patients with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 infection: a cross-sectional study. Clin Infect Dis 71:889\u2013890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa330","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","volume":"181","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Kr\u00fcger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu N-H, Nitsche A, M\u00fcller MA, Drosten C, P\u00f6hlmann S (2020) Sars-cov-2 cell entry depends on ace2 and tmprss2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell 181:271-280.e278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1286_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5720","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.11.5720-5728.2002","volume":"76","author":"MU Ehrengruber","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ehrengruber MU, Ehler E, Billeter MA, Naim HY (2002) Measles virus spreads in rat hippocampal neurons by cell-to-cell contact and in a polarized fashion. J Virol 76:5720\u20135728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.76.11.5720-5728.2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1286_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0908.030319","volume":"9","author":"CH Calisher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Calisher CH, Dodet B, Griffin D (2003) Emergence and control of zoonotic viral encephalitis. Emerg Infect Dis 9:1029\u20131030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid0908.030319","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00404","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00404-18","volume":"92","author":"M Dub\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dub\u00e9 M, Le Coupanec A, Wong AHM, Rini JM, Desforges M, Talbot PJ (2018) Axonal transport enables neuron-to-neuron propagation of human coronavirus oc43. J Virol 92:e00404-e418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.00404-18","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1286_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00758-5","volume":"24","author":"J Meinhardt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meinhardt J, Radke J, Dittmayer C, Franz J, Thomas C, Mothes R, Laue M, Schneider J, Br\u00fcnink S, Greuel S, Lehmann M, Hassan O, Aschman T, Schumann E, Chua RL, Conrad C, Eils R, Stenzel W, Windgassen M, R\u00f6\u00dfler L, Goebel H-H, Gelderblom HR, Martin H, Nitsche A, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Hakroush S, Winkler MS, Tampe B, Scheibe F, K\u00f6rtv\u00e9lyessy P, Reinhold D, Siegmund B, K\u00fchl AA, Elezkurtaj S, Horst D, Oesterhelweg L, Tsokos M, Ingold-Heppner B, Stadelmann C, Drosten C, Corman VM, Radbruch H, Heppner FL (2021) Olfactory transmucosal sars-cov-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with covid-19. Nat Neurosci 24:168\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-020-00758-5","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"1286_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02044-14","volume":"89","author":"CN Detje","year":"2015","unstructured":"Detje CN, Lienenklaus S, Chhatbar C, Spanier J, Prajeeth CK, Soldner C, Tovey MG, Schl\u00fcter D, Weiss S, Stangel M, Kalinke U (2015) Upon intranasal vesicular stomatitis virus infection, astrocytes in the olfactory bulb are important interferon beta producers that protect from lethal encephalitis. J Virol 89:2731\u20132738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.02044-14","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1286_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13473","volume":"229","author":"L Steardo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Steardo L, Steardo L Jr, Zorec R, Verkhratsky A (2020) Neuroinfection may contribute to pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of covid-19. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 229:e13473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apha.13473","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1286_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6017","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000782","volume":"34","author":"T Yan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yan T, Xiao R, Lin G (2020) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and sars-cov-2: a double-edged sword? Faseb j 34:6017\u20136026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.202000782","journal-title":"Faseb j"},{"key":"1286_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02012-06","volume":"81","author":"PB McCray","year":"2007","unstructured":"McCray PB, Pewe L, Wohlford-Lenane C, Hickey M, Manzel L, Shi L, Netland J, Jia HP, Halabi C, Sigmund CD, Meyerholz DK, Kirby P, Look DC, Perlman S (2007) Lethal infection of k18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Virol 81:813\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.02012-06","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1286_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7264","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00737-08","volume":"82","author":"J Netland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Netland J, Meyerholz DK, Moore S, Cassell M, Perlman S (2008) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ace2. J Virol 82:7264\u20137275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.00737-08","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1286_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1597","volume":"203","author":"KF To","year":"2004","unstructured":"To KF, Lo AW (2004) Exploring the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars): the tissue distribution of the coronavirus (sars-cov) and its putative receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2). J Pathol 203:740\u2013743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.1597","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"1286_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14277","volume":"27","author":"S Natoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Natoli S, Oliveira V, Calabresi P, Maia LF, Pisani A (2020) Does sars-cov-2 invade the brain? Translational lessons from animal models. Eur J Neurol 27:1764\u20131773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.14277","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1286_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","volume":"323","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng Z (2020) Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 323:1061\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1286_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.12.021","volume":"163","author":"YC Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li YC, Bai WZ, Hirano N, Hayashida T, Hashikawa T (2012) Coronavirus infection of rat dorsal root ganglia: ultrastructural characterization of viral replication, transfer, and the early response of satellite cells. Virus Res 163:628\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.12.021","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"1286_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.41-2-101","volume":"41","author":"K Matsuda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matsuda K, Park CH, Sunden Y, Kimura T, Ochiai K, Kida H, Umemura T (2004) The vagus nerve is one route of transneural invasion for intranasally inoculated influenza a virus in mice. Vet Pathol 41:101\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1354\/vp.41-2-101","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"1286_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01317869","volume":"52","author":"D Chasey","year":"1976","unstructured":"Chasey D, Alexander DJ (1976) Morphogenesis of avian infectious bronchitis virus in primary chick kidney cells. Arch Virol 52:101\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01317869","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"1286_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.592214","volume":"14","author":"M-E Tremblay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tremblay M-E, Madore C, Bordeleau M, Tian L, Verkhratsky A (2020) Neuropathobiology of covid-19: the role for glia. Front Cell Neurosci 14:592214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2020.592214","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"1286_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.25.169946","author":"E Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song E, Zhang C, Israelow B, Lu-Culligan A, Prado AV, Skriabine S, Lu P, Weizman OE, Liu F, Dai Y, Szigeti-Buck K, Yasumoto Y, Wang G, Castaldi C, Heltke J, Ng E, Wheeler J, Alfajaro MM, Levavasseur E, Fontes B, Ravindra NG, Van Dijk D, Mane S, Gunel M, Ring A, Kazmi SAJ, Zhang K, Wilen CB, Horvath TL, Plu I, Haik S, Thomas JL, Louvi A, Farhadian SF, Huttner A, Seilhean D, Renier N, Bilguvar K, Iwasaki A (2020) Neuroinvasion of sars-cov-2 in human and mouse brain. bioRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.25.169946","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"1286_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7205747","author":"N Asiimwe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Asiimwe N, Yeo SG, Kim MS, Jung J, Jeong NY (2016) Nitric oxide: exploring the contextual link with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/7205747","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"1286_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.78.7.3398-3406.2004","volume":"78","author":"Y Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li Y, Fu L, Gonzales DM, Lavi E (2004) Coronavirus neurovirulence correlates with the ability of the virus to induce proinflammatory cytokine signals from astrocytes and microglia. J Virol 78:3398\u20133406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.78.7.3398-3406.2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1286_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa131","volume":"75","author":"CL Kuo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuo CL, Pilling LC, Atkins JL, Masoli JAH, Delgado J, Kuchel GA, Melzer D (2020) APOE e4 genotype predicts severe covid-19 in the uk biobank community cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 75:2231\u20132232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glaa131","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"1286_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12529","volume":"45","author":"M Tzioras","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tzioras M, Davies C, Newman A, Jackson R, Spires-Jones T (2019) Invited review: APOE at the interface of inflammation, neurodegeneration and pathological protein spread in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 45:327\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nan.12529","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"1286_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2004.00143.x","volume":"59","author":"A Gupta","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gupta A, Watkins A, Thomas P, Majer R, Habubi N, Morris G, Pansari K (2005) Coagulation and inflammatory markers in Alzheimer\u2019s and vascular dementia. Int J Clin Pract 59:52\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2004.00143.x","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"1286_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.03.024","volume":"86","author":"KD Cicerone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cicerone KD, Dahlberg C, Malec JF, Langenbahn DM, Felicetti T, Kneipp S, Ellmo W, Kalmar K, Giacino JT, Harley JP, Laatsch L, Morse PA, Catanese J (2005) Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: updated review of the literature from 1998 through 2002. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86:1681\u20131692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.03.024","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1286_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285610370069","volume":"3","author":"MA Wozniak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wozniak MA, Itzhaki RF (2010) Antiviral agents in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: hope for the future? Ther Adv Neurol Disord 3:141\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1756285610370069","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"1286_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032112","volume":"10","author":"DP Devanand","year":"2020","unstructured":"Devanand DP, Andrews H, Kreisl WC, Razlighi Q, Gershon A, Stern Y, Mintz A, Wisniewski T, Acosta E, Pollina J, Katsikoumbas M, Bell KL, Pelton GH, Deliyannides D, Prasad KM, Huey ED (2020) Antiviral therapy: Valacyclovir treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (valad) trial: Protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, treatment trial. BMJ Open 10:e032112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032112","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1286_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-020-02093-z","volume":"58","author":"WY Ong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ong WY, Go ML, Wang DY, Cheah IK, Halliwell B (2020) Effects of antimalarial drugs on neuroinflammation-potential use for treatment of covid-19-related neurologic complications. Mol Neurobiol 58:106\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-020-02093-z","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1286_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-200537","volume":"76","author":"SX Naughton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naughton SX, Raval U, Pasinetti GM (2020) Potential novel role of covid-19 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and preventative mitigation strategies. J Alzheimers Dis 76:21\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-200537","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"1286_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102163","volume":"42","author":"K Rejdak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rejdak K, Grieb P (2020) Adamantanes might be protective from covid-19 in patients with neurological diseases: multiple sclerosis, parkinsonism and cognitive impairment. Mult Scler Relat Disord 42:102163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102163","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-021-01286-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00406-021-01286-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-021-01286-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T16:10:21Z","timestamp":1643645421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00406-021-01286-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"references-count":191,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-021-01286-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-1334","1433-8491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-1334","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}