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However, we know little about long-term changes in mental health due to the pandemic so far. Here, we used longitudinal data from a general population sample of 1388 adults from Germany, who were initially assessed between April and May 2020 (i.e., at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany) and prospectively followed up after 6 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091082) and 12\u00a0months (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009945). Depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as loneliness did not change from baseline to 6-month follow-up. While anxiety symptoms did not change in the long run, depressive symptoms and loneliness increased and life satisfaction decreased from baseline to 12-month follow-up. Moreover, vulnerable groups such as younger individuals or those with a history of mental disorders exhibited an overall higher level of psychopathological symptoms across all assessment waves. Our findings suggest a deterioration in mental health during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, which emphasizes the importance to implement targeted health promotions to prevent a further symptom escalation especially in vulnerable groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-022-01400-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T13:05:18Z","timestamp":1648559118000},"page":"289-299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["One year after the COVID-19 outbreak in Germany: long-term changes in depression, anxiety, loneliness, distress and life satisfaction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"273","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3595-1258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Benke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara K.","family":"Autenrieth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Asselmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane A.","family":"Pan\u00e9-Farr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1400_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168238","author":"H Murayama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murayama H, Okubo R, Tabuchi T (2021) Increase in social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with mental health: findings from the JACSIS 2020 study. 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