{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:14:26Z","timestamp":1791314066134,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EH 367\/5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EH 367\/5-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB 940\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 940\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002957","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Previous studies have suggested that individuals recovered from anorexia nervosa (AN) are characterized by increased serotonergic (5-HT) activity that might be related to elevated levels of anxiety. Assuming these traits to be also present in individuals at risk for AN, it was further hypothesized that restricting food intake might be a means to temporarily alleviate dysphoric affective states by reducing central nervous availability of tryptophan (TRP), the sole precursor of 5-HT. One study that supported this hypothesis found anxiolytic effects in individuals with a history of AN during an experimentally induced short-term depletion of TRP supply to the brain.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over study, 22 patients weight-recovered from AN (recAN) and 25 healthy control participants (HC) completed questionnaires assessing anxiety and momentary mood during acute tryptophan depletion (ATD), a dietary intervention that lowers central 5-HT synthesis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The ATD procedure effectively reduced the ratio of TRP to competing for large neutral amino acids in the peripheral blood, indicating decreased TRP supply to the brain. Effects of ATD on anxiety and mood did not differ between recAN and HC. Bayesian null hypothesis testing confirmed these initial results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results do not support the hypothesis that short-term depletion of TRP and its impact on the brain 5-HT reduces anxiety or improves mood in AN. As the evidence for the role of 5-HT dysfunction on affective processes in patients with AN is limited, further studies are needed to assess its relevance in the pathophysiology of AN.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-022-01414-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T04:51:51Z","timestamp":1651726311000},"page":"209-217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["No effects of acute tryptophan depletion on anxiety or mood in weight-recovered female patients with anorexia nervosa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Tomas","family":"Weinert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Bernardoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"Steding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilka","family":"Boehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merle","family":"Mannigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Ritschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Zepf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veit","family":"Roessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2132-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1414_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000278","volume":"29","author":"A Keski-Rahkonen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keski-Rahkonen A, Mustelin L (2016) Epidemiology of eating disorders in Europe: prevalence, incidence, comorbidity, course, consequences, and risk factors. Curr Opin Psychiatry 29:340\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000278","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22467","volume":"48","author":"KN Javaras","year":"2015","unstructured":"Javaras KN, Runfola CD, Thornton LM et al (2015) Sex- and age-specific incidence of healthcare-register-recorded eating disorders in the complete swedish 1979\u20132001 birth cohort. Int J Eat Disord 48:1070\u20131081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22467","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1414_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.01.003","volume":"36","author":"WH Kaye","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaye WH, Wierenga CE, Bailer UF et al (2013) Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels: the neurobiology of anorexia nervosa. Trends Neurosci 36:110\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2013.01.003","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"1414_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.11.037","volume":"94","author":"W Kaye","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaye W (2008) Neurobiology of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Physiol Behav 94:121\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.11.037","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"1414_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20251","volume":"39","author":"A Wagner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wagner A, Barbarich-Marsteller NC, Frank GK et al (2006) Personality traits after recovery from eating disorders: do subtypes differ? Int J Eat Disord 39:276\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20251","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1414_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.1.11","volume":"173","author":"EC Harris","year":"1998","unstructured":"Harris EC, Barraclough B (1998) Excess mortality of mental disorder. Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci 173:11\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.173.1.11","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci"},{"key":"1414_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74","volume":"68","author":"J Arcelus","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arcelus J, Mitchell AJ, Wales J et al (2011) Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders. A meta-analysis of 36 studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68:724\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107667","volume":"217","author":"H Himmerich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Himmerich H, Kan C, Au K et al (2021) Pharmacological treatment of eating disorders, comorbid mental health problems, malnutrition and physical health consequences. Pharmacol Ther 217:107667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107667","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1414_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.121","volume":"36","author":"R Cools","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cools R, Nakamura K, Daw ND (2011) Serotonin and dopamine: unifying affective, activational, and decision functions. Neuropsychopharmacology 36:98\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2010.121","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"1414_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20575","volume":"42","author":"S Ehrlich","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ehrlich S, Franke L, Schneider N et al (2009) Aromatic amino acids in weight-recovered females with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 42:166\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20575","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1414_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.09.009","volume":"39","author":"C Gauthier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gauthier C, Hassler C, Mattar L et al (2014) Symptoms of depression and anxiety in anorexia nervosa: links with plasma tryptophan and serotonin metabolism. Psychoneuroendocrinology 39:170\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.09.009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"1414_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"IJTR.S3804","DOI":"10.4137\/IJTR.S3804","volume":"3","author":"S Comai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Comai S, Bertazzo A, Carretti N et al (2010) Serum levels of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin in patients affected with different forms of amenorrhea. Int J Tryptophan Res 3:IJTR.S3804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4137\/IJTR.S3804","journal-title":"Int J Tryptophan Res"},{"key":"1414_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)00173-Z","volume":"37","author":"MA Demitrack","year":"1995","unstructured":"Demitrack MA, Heyes MP, Altemus M et al (1995) Cerebrospinal fluid levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites in patients with eating disorders: relation to clinical and biochemical variable. Biol Psychiatry 37:512\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-3223(94)00173-Z","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790150040007","volume":"41","author":"WH Kaye","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kaye WH, Ebert MH, Raleigh M et al (1984) Abnormalities in CNS monoamine metabolism in anorexia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:350\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790150040007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810300068010","volume":"48","author":"WH Kaye","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kaye WH, Gwirtsman HE, George DT et al (1991) Altered serotonin activity in anorexia nervosa after long-term weight restoration: does elevated cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid level correlate with rigid and obsessive behavior? Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:556\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810300068010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-009-0092-3","volume":"260","author":"S Ehrlich","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ehrlich S, Franke L, Scherag S et al (2010) The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, platelet serotonin transporter activity and platelet serotonin content in underweight and weight-recovered females with anorexia nervosa. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 260:483\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-009-0092-3","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"1414_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1078749","volume":"41","author":"S Ehrlich","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ehrlich S, Franke L, Schott R et al (2008) Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in underweight and weight-recovered females with anorexia nervosa. Pharmacopsychiatry 41:226\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2008-1078749","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2010_78","volume":"6","author":"UF Bailer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bailer UF, Kaye WH (2011) Serotonin: imaging findings in eating disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 6:59\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7854_2010_78","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"1414_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01378-1","volume":"52","author":"GK Frank","year":"2002","unstructured":"Frank GK, Kaye WH, Meltzer CC et al (2002) Reduced 5-HT2A receptor binding after recovery from anorexia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 52:896\u2013906","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.9.1032","volume":"62","author":"UF Bailer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bailer UF, Frank GK, Henry SE et al (2005) Altered brain serotonin 5-HT1A receptor binding after recovery from anorexia nervosa measured by positron emission tomography and [carbonyl11C]WAY-100635. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:1032\u20131041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.62.9.1032","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10135","volume":"33","author":"WH Kaye","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kaye WH, Barbarich NC, Putnam K et al (2003) Anxiolytic effects of acute tryptophan depletion in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 33:257\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.10135","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1414_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.01007","author":"RM Stewart","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stewart RM, Wong JWY, Mahfouda S et al (2020) Acute tryptophan depletion Moja-De: a method to study central nervous serotonin function in children and adolescents. Front Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.01007","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00198-X","volume":"19","author":"LL Carpenter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Carpenter LL, Anderson GM, Pelton GH et al (1998) Tryptophan depletion during continuous CSF sampling in healthy human subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology 19:26\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00198-X","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"1414_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G et al (2007) G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 39:175\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03193146","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"1414_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s001120170107","volume":"149","author":"K Kromeyer-Hauschild","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Wabitsch M, Kunze D et al (2001) Perzentile f\u00fcr den body-mass-index f\u00fcr das Kindes- und Jugendalter unter Heranziehung verschiedener deutscher Stichproben. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 149:807\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001120170107","journal-title":"Monatsschr Kinderheilkd"},{"key":"1414_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R et al (2009) Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform 42:377\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"1414_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1159\/000056675","volume":"11","author":"M Fichter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fichter M, Quadflieg N (2001) Das Strukturierte Interview f\u00fcr Anorektische und Bulimische Ess-St\u00f6rungen nach DSM-IV und ICD-10 zur Expertenbeurteilung (SIAB-EX) und dazugeh\u00f6riger Fragebogen zur Selbsteinsch\u00e4tzung (SIAB-S). Verhaltenstherapie 11:314\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000056675","journal-title":"Verhaltenstherapie"},{"key":"1414_CR28","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Mini-DIPS: Diagnostisches Kurz-Interview bei psychischen St\u00f6rungen","author":"MJ Einleitung","year":"1994","unstructured":"Einleitung MJ (1994) Einleitung. In: Margraf J (ed) Mini-DIPS: Diagnostisches Kurz-Interview bei psychischen St\u00f6rungen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 1\u20133"},{"key":"1414_CR29","unstructured":"Paul T, Thiel A (2005) Eating disorder inventory-2 (EDI-2): deutsche Version. Hogrefe"},{"key":"1414_CR30","unstructured":"Hautzinger M, Keller F, K\u00fchner C (2009) BDI-II. Beck-depressions-inventar. Revision. 2, Auflage. Pearson Assessment, Frankfurt"},{"key":"1414_CR31","volume-title":"Wechsler-Intelligenztest f\u00fcr Erwachsene WIE [Wechsler test of intelligence for adults WIE]","author":"M Von Aster","year":"2006","unstructured":"Von Aster M, Neubauer A, Horn R (2006) Wechsler-Intelligenztest f\u00fcr Erwachsene WIE [Wechsler test of intelligence for adults WIE]. Harcourt Test Services, Frankfurt, Germany"},{"key":"1414_CR32","unstructured":"Laux L, Glanzmann P, Schaffner P, Spielberger CD (1981) Das State-Trait-Angstinventar. Hogrefe Team (2020) JASP 0.13.1. https:\/\/jasp-stats.org\/"},{"key":"1414_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steyer R, Schwenkmezger P, Notz P, et al (1997) Der Mehrdimensionale Befindlichkeitsfragebogen (MDBF) [multidimensional mood questionnaire]. G\u00f6tt Ger Hogrefe","DOI":"10.1037\/t12446-000"},{"key":"1414_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(88)90013-6","volume":"42","author":"EA Moja","year":"1988","unstructured":"Moja EA, Stoff DM, Gessa GL et al (1988) Decrease in plasma tryptophan after tryptophan-free amino acid mixtures in man. Life Sci 42:1551\u20131556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0024-3205(88)90013-6","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"1414_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-012-0793-z","volume":"119","author":"VLS Dingerkus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dingerkus VLS, Gaber TJ, Helmbold K et al (2012) Acute tryptophan depletion in accordance with body weight: influx of amino acids across the blood\u2013brain barrier. J Neural Transm 119:1037\u20131045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-012-0793-z","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"1414_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085530","volume":"60","author":"JW Graham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Graham JW (2009) Missing data analysis: making it work in the real world. Annu Rev Psychol 60:549\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085530","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"1414_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00108-7","volume":"28","author":"JC Pruessner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pruessner JC, Kirschbaum C, Meinlschmid G et al (2003) Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change. Psychoneuroendocrinology 28:916\u2013931","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"1414_CR38","unstructured":"JASP\nTeam (2020) JASP 0.13.1. https:\/\/jasp-stats.org\/"},{"key":"1414_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-020-01798-5","author":"J van Doorn","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Doorn J, van den Bergh D, Bohm U et al (2019) The JASP guidelines for conducting and reporting a Bayesian analysis. Psychon Bull Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13423-020-01798-5","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"1414_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2005.01628.x","volume":"39","author":"CJ Bell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bell CJ, Hood SD, Nutt DJ (2005) Acute tryptophan depletion. Part II: clinical effects and implications. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 39:565\u2013574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2005.01628.x","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01219-8","volume":"11","author":"SME Schopman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schopman SME, Bosman RC, Muntingh ADT et al (2021) Effects of tryptophan depletion on anxiety, a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry 11:118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01219-8","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.120209","volume":"38","author":"SN Young","year":"2013","unstructured":"Young SN (2013) Acute tryptophan depletion in humans: a review of theoretical, practical and ethical aspects. J Psychiatry Neurosci JPN 38:294\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/jpn.120209","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci JPN"},{"key":"1414_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2682","volume":"10","author":"WH Kaye","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaye WH, Fudge JL, Paulus M (2009) New insights into symptoms and neurocircuit function of anorexia nervosa. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:573\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2682","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1414_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02903-7","volume":"20","author":"M Seidel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seidel M, Ehrlich S, Breithaupt L et al (2020) Study protocol of comprehensive risk evaluation for anorexia nervosa in twins (CREAT): a study of discordant monozygotic twins with anorexia nervosa. BMC Psychiatry 20:507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-020-02903-7","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.10235","volume":"35","author":"NC Barbarich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barbarich NC, McConaha CW, Halmi KA et al (2004) Use of nutritional supplements to increase the efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 35:10\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.10235","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1414_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(1997)21:4<367::AID-EAT10>3.0.CO;2-W","volume":"21","author":"C Pollice","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pollice C, Kaye WH, Greeno CG et al (1997) Relationship of depression, anxiety, and obsessionality to state of illness in anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 21:367\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(1997)21:4%3c367::AID-EAT10%3e3.0.CO;2-W","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1414_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20229","volume":"14","author":"PJ Cowen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cowen PJ, Browning M (2015) What has serotonin to do with depression? World Psychiatry 14:158\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20229","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300434","volume":"29","author":"CA Winstanley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Winstanley CA, Dalley JW, Theobald DE et al (2004) Fractionating impulsivity: contrasting effects of central 5-HT depletion on different measures of impulsive behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 29:1331\u20131343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.npp.1300434","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"1414_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20110375","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0375","volume":"368","author":"SN Young","year":"2013","unstructured":"Young SN (2013) The effect of raising and lowering tryptophan levels on human mood and social behaviour. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 368:20110375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2011.0375","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"1414_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(87)90101-5","volume":"8","author":"P Chopin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Chopin P, Briley M (1987) Animal models of anxiety: the effect of compounds that modify 5-HT neurotransmission. Trends Pharmacol Sci 8:383\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-6147(87)90101-5","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"1414_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0125","volume":"72","author":"A Frick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frick A, \u00c5hs F, Engman J et al (2015) Serotonin synthesis and reuptake in social anxiety disorder: a positron emission tomography study. JAMA Psychiat 72:794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0125","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"1414_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114525674","volume":"28","author":"DS Baldwin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baldwin DS, Anderson IM, Nutt DJ et al (2014) Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a revision of the 2005 guidelines from the British association for psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol Oxf Engl 28:403\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881114525674","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol Oxf Engl"},{"key":"1414_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10096","volume":"18","author":"C Blanco","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blanco C, Schneier FR, Schmidt A et al (2003) Pharmacological treatment of social anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety 18:29\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.10096","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"1414_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001765.pub3","author":"GM Soomro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Soomro GM, Altman DG, Rajagopal S et al (2008) Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) versus placebo for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001765.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1414_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00108-0","volume":"47","author":"WH Kaye","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kaye WH, Gendall KA, Fernstrom MH et al (2000) Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on mood in bulimia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 47:151\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00108-0","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.2.171","volume":"56","author":"KA Smith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smith KA, Fairburn CG, Cowen PJ (1999) Symptomatic relapse in bulimia nervosa following acute tryptophan depletion. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56:171\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.56.2.171","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1414_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1177\/026988110001400317","volume":"14","author":"M Leyton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Leyton M, Ghadirian A-M, Young SN et al (2000) Depressive relapse following acute tryptophan depletion in patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychopharmacol (Oxf) 14:284\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/026988110001400317","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1414_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00189-3","volume":"42","author":"FG Miller","year":"1997","unstructured":"Miller FG, Rosenstein DL (1997) Psychiatric symptom-provoking studies: an ethical appraisal. Biol Psychiatry 42:403\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00189-3","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-022-01414-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00406-022-01414-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-022-01414-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T05:16:42Z","timestamp":1677215802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00406-022-01414-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-022-01414-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-1334","1433-8491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-1334","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"V. Roessner has received payment for consulting and writing activities from Lilly, Novartis, and Shire Pharmaceuticals; lecture honoraria from Lilly, Novartis, Shire Pharmaceuticals, and Medice Pharma; and support for research from Shire and Novartis. He has carried out (and is currently carrying out) clinical trials in cooperation with Novartis, Shire, and Otsuka. The other authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}