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Purpose of the present article is to compare mental health (depressive and Post-Traumatic-Stress-Disorders\u2014PTSD\u2014symptoms) and epigenetics aspects (degree of methylation of stress-related genes) in front-line healthcare professionals versus healthcare working in non-COVID-19 wards. Sixty-eight healthcare workers were included in the study: 39 were working in COVID-19 wards (cases) and 29 in non-COVID wards (controls). From all participants, demographic and clinical information were collected by an ad-hoc questionnaire. Depressive and PTSD symptoms were evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Impact of Event Scale\u2014Revised (IES-R), respectively. Methylation analyses of 9 promoter\/regulatory regions of genes known to be implicated in depression\/PTSD (<jats:italic>ADCYAP1, BDNF, CRHR1, DRD2, IGF2, LSD1\/KDM1A, NR3C1, OXTR, SLC6A4<\/jats:italic>) were performed on DNA from blood samples by the MassARRAY EpiTYPER platform, with MassCleave settings. Controls showed more frequent lifetime history of anxiety\/depression with respect to cases (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20095.72, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). On the contrary, cases versus controls presented higher PHQ-9 (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.13, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04), PHQ-9 sleep item (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.26, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03), IES-R total (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.17, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03), IES-R intrusion (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.46, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), IES-R avoidance (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.99, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05) mean total scores. Methylation levels at <jats:italic>CRHR1, DRD2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>LSD1<\/jats:italic> genes was significantly higher in cases with respect to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03, respectively). Frontline health professionals experienced more negative effects on mental health during COVID-19 pandemic than non-frontline healthcare workers. Methylation levels were increased in genes regulating HPA axis (<jats:italic>CRHR1)<\/jats:italic> and dopamine neurotransmission (<jats:italic>DRD2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>LSD1<\/jats:italic>), thus supporting the involvement of these biological processes in depression\/PTSD and indicating that methylation of these genes can be modulated by stress conditions, such as working as healthcare front-line during COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-022-01472-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T09:04:44Z","timestamp":1661331884000},"page":"347-356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Mental health and the effects on methylation of stress-related genes in front-line versus other health care professionals during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic: an Italian pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Tabano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Tassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta Giulia","family":"Cannone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Brescia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Gaudioso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariarosa","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Colapietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica Rosa","family":"Miozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio Alberto","family":"Croci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Seia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Piuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Solbiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Tobaldini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Ferrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Montano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Costantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3359-3191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Buoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1472_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244809","volume":"15","author":"AT Gloster","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gloster AT, Lamnisos D, Lubenko J, Presti G, Squatrito V, Constantinou M, Nicolaou C, Papacostas S, Ayd\u0131n G, Chong YY, Chien WT, Cheng HY, Ruiz FJ, Garcia-Martin MB, Obando-Posada DP, Segura-Vargas MA, Vasiliou VS, McHugh L, H\u00f6fer S, Baban A, Dias Neto D, Nunes da Silva A, Monest\u00e8s JL, Alvarez-Galvez J, Paez-Blarrina M, Montesinos F, Valdivia-Salas S, Ori D, Kleszcz B, Lappalainen R, Ivanovi\u0107 I, Gosar D, Dionne F, Merwin RM, Kassianos AP, Karekla M (2020) Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health: an international study. 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