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The stimulation\u2019s therapeutic effect may be explained through the functional and structural connectivities between the stimulated area and other brain regions, or to depression-associated networks. In this longitudinal, retrospective study, four female patients with treatment-resistant depression were implanted for stimulation in the nucleus accumbens area at our center. We analyzed the structural and functional connectivity of the stimulation area: the structural connectivity was investigated with probabilistic tractography; the functional connectivity was estimated by combining patient-specific stimulation volumes and a normative functional connectome. These structural and functional connectivity <jats:italic>profiles<\/jats:italic> were then related to four clinical outcome scores. At 1-year follow-up, the remission rate was 66%. We observed a consistent structural connectivity to Brodmann area 25 in the patient with the longest remission phase. The functional connectivity analysis resulted in patient-specific <jats:italic>R-maps<\/jats:italic> describing brain areas significantly correlated with symptom improvement in this patient, notably the prefrontal cortex. But the connectivity analysis was mixed across patients, calling for confirmation in a larger cohort and over longer time periods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-023-01683-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T05:01:26Z","timestamp":1693890086000},"page":"685-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Linking connectivity of deep brain stimulation of nucleus accumbens area with clinical depression improvements: a retrospective longitudinal case series"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"274","author":[{"given":"Simona","family":"Leserri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Segura-Amil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Nowacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Debove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Petermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Sch\u00e4ppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Giulia","family":"Preti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Van De Ville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Pollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Walther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0577-5035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. 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Author ID received research and travel grants from Boston Scientific, not relevant to the submitted work. Author MGP was supported by the CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, a Swiss research center of excellence founded and supported by Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), University of Geneva (UNIGE) and Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), all not relevant to the submitted work. Author DVDV received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grants 205321-207493, CRSII5_209470, CRSII5_180319), Horizon Europe\/SERI (grant MICROVASC), PHRT Pioneer Imaging Project, Bertarelli Foundation, Boninchi Foundation, Wyss Center Geneva, Dandelion Science Inc., as well as honoraria from Elsevier Inc., all not relevant to the submitted work. Author CP is co-founder of Aleva Neurotherapeutics SA and received consultant fees from Boston Scientific and Abbott, not relevant to the submitted work. Author SW received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grants 182469 and 184717), the Novartis Foundation for Biomedical Research, the Swiss Health Promotion Foundation and the National Institutes of Health (R01 MH\u00a0118741), as well honoraria from Lundbeck, Mepha, and Neurolite, all not relevant to the submitted work. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}