{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:08:30Z","timestamp":1790352510292,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Center for Mental Health","award":["FKZ: 01EE2303C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ: 01EE2303C"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005713","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lawrence Weed introduced the \u201cProblem-Oriented Medical Records\u201d (POMR) approach to medicine. Its core principle is that treatment should be organised around patients\u2019 specific problems. This approach gained widespread adoption in the United States during the 1970s. However, few studies have compared POMR with the traditional \u201csource-based\u201d method, and evidence supporting its application in mental health remains particularly limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We carried out a narrative review to examine whether POMR is appropriate for mental health care and which modifications are necessary for this purpose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychiatry and psychotherapy address brain-mediated disorders that lack clear biological markers. Diagnoses rely on the assessment of psychopathological symptoms, which are grouped into syndromes. These symptoms and syndromes can be effectively categorized as \u201cproblems\u201d. Given that psychiatric treatment is often symptomatic in that it focuses on symptoms rather than diagnoses, POMR provides an ideal framework for organizing care.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Furthermore, mental health is inherently multidimensional, encompassing biological, psychological, social, and existential domains. This complexity necessitates interdisciplinary collaboration. However, under the conventional source-based approach, professional groups often operate in parallel rather than jointly together. POMR, by contrast, facilitates seamless collaboration by aligning teams around patient-centred problems. A special aspect of mental health care is the emphasis on considering patients\u2019 individual goals and resources, rather than focusing only on their deficits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By systematically applying POMR to psychiatric care\u2014particularly through tightly coordinated interdisciplinary treatment\u2014clinicians could enhance both clinical and functional outcomes, improve both patient and team satisfaction, and better align treatment with patients\u2019 unique needs. To support this approach, we propose a practical grid which we refer to as the Problem\u2013Resources\u2013Goals Oriented framework (PRoGO), reflecting the necessary adaptations for mental health. Clinical trials are warranted to assess the effectiveness of POMR\/PRoGO in psychiatric practice and its potential to advance the field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-025-02045-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T06:49:14Z","timestamp":1751352554000},"page":"51-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Enhancing mental health care: a problem, resources and goals oriented multidimensional framework (PRoGO)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"276","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4934-4352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Leucht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"di Francesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Rodolico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Priller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerem","family":"B\u00f6ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Strube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Gensichen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bechmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"ElDeeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alkomiet","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Moritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Leucht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"van Os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2045_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30057-9","volume":"5","author":"C Arango","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arango C, Diaz-Caneja CM, McGorry PD, Rapoport J, Sommer IE, Vorstman JA, McDaid D, Marin O, Serrano-Drozdowskyj E, Freedman R, Carpenter W (2018) Preventive strategies for mental health. Lancet Psychiatry 5:591\u2013604","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2045_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1521\/pdps.2012.40.3.377","volume":"40","author":"GL Engel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Engel GL (2012) The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Psychodyn Psychiatr 40:377\u2013396","journal-title":"Psychodyn Psychiatr"},{"key":"2045_CR3","volume-title":"Mental health-new understanding new hope","author":"WH Organisation","year":"2001","unstructured":"Organisation WH (2001) World health report 2001. Mental health-new understanding new hope. World Health Organisation, Geneva"},{"key":"2045_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000258","volume":"126","author":"R Kotov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kotov R, Krueger RF, Watson D, Achenbach TM, Althoff RR, Bagby RM, Brown TA, Carpenter WT, Caspi A, Clark LA, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Goldberg D, Hasin D, Hyman SE, Ivanova MY, Lynam DR, Markon K, Miller JD, Moffitt TE, Morey LC, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Ormel J, Patrick CJ, Regier DA, Rescorla L, Ruggero CJ, Samuel DB, Sellbom M, Simms LJ, Skodol AE, Slade T, South SC, Tackett JL, Waldman ID, Waszczuk MA, Widiger TA, Wright AGC, Zimmerman M (2017) The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (hitop): a dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. J Abnorm Psychol 126:454\u2013477","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"2045_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20375","volume":"16","author":"D Borsboom","year":"2017","unstructured":"Borsboom D (2017) A network theory of mental disorders. World Psychiatr: Offl J World Psychiatr Assoc 16:5\u201313","journal-title":"World Psychiatr: Offl J World Psychiatr Assoc"},{"key":"2045_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1319-z","volume":"52","author":"EI Fried","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fried EI, van Borkulo CD, Cramer AO, Boschloo L, Schoevers RA, Borsboom D (2017) Mental disorders as networks of problems: a review of recent insights. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 52:1\u201310","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2045_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-023-00218-4","volume":"2","author":"NR Eaton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eaton NR, Bringmann LF, Elmer T, Fried E, Forbes MK, Greene AL, Krueger RF, Kotov R, McGorry PD, Mei C, Waszczuk MA (2023) A review of approaches and models in psychopathology conceptualization research. Nat Rev Psychol 2:622\u2013636","journal-title":"Nat Rev Psychol"},{"key":"2045_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01860.x","volume":"40","author":"PD McGorry","year":"2006","unstructured":"McGorry PD, Hickie IB, Yung AR, Pantelis C, Jackson HJ (2006) Clinical staging of psychiatric disorders: a heuristic framework for choosing earlier, safer and more effective interventions. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 40:616\u2013622","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2045_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.2652","volume":"81","author":"S Leucht","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leucht S, van Os J, Jager M, Davis JM (2024) Prioritization of psychopathological symptoms and clinical characterization in psychiatric diagnoses: A narrative review. JAMA Psychiat 81:1149\u20131158","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"2045_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196803212781204","volume":"278","author":"LL Weed","year":"1968","unstructured":"Weed LL (1968) Medical records that guide and teach. New Engl J Med 278:652\u2013657","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"2045_CR11","volume-title":"Medicine in denial","author":"LL Weed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weed LL, Weed L (2011) Medicine in denial. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, South Carolina"},{"key":"2045_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2017.04.016","volume":"103","author":"SM Chowdhry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chowdhry SM, Mishuris RG, Mann D (2017) Problem-oriented charting: a review. Int J Med Inform 103:95\u2013102","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"2045_CR13","first-page":"265","volume":"5","author":"J Froom","year":"1977","unstructured":"Froom J, Culpepper L, Kirkwood R, Boisseau V, Mangone D (1977) An integrated medical record and data system for primary care. Part 4: Family information. J Fam Pract 5:265\u2013270","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"2045_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1145\/12178.12188","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on the history of personal workstations","author":"J Schultz","year":"1986","unstructured":"Schultz J (1986) A history of the promis technology: An effective human interface. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on the history of personal workstations. ACM Digital Library, New York, pp 159\u2013182"},{"key":"2045_CR15","unstructured":"Goolsby J (2001) Implementation and evaluation of pkc\u00a9 software at the James A. Haley veterans\u2019 hospital in Tampa, Florida Available at http:\/\/www.pkc.com\/papers\/VA_tampa_report.pdf"},{"key":"2045_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.20.2388","volume":"165","author":"M Apkon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Apkon M, Mattera JA, Lin Z, Herrin J, Bradley EH, Carbone M, Holmboe ES, Gross CP, Selter JG, Rich AS, Krumholz HM (2005) A randomized outpatient trial of a decision-support information technology tool. Arch Intern Med 165:2388\u20132394","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2045_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2013-0060","volume":"4","author":"LA Bakel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bakel LA, Wilson K, Tyler A, Tham E, Reese J, Bothner J, Kaplan DW (2014) A quality improvement study to improve inpatient problem list use. Hosp Pediatr 4:205\u2013210","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"key":"2045_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/16-147","volume":"21","author":"AR Shukor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shukor AR (2017) An alternative paradigm for evidence-based medicine: Revisiting Lawrence Weed, md\u2019s systems approach. Perm J 21:16\u2013147","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"key":"2045_CR19","volume-title":"Users\u2019 guides to the medical literature. A manual for evidence-based practice","author":"G Gyatt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gyatt G, Drummond R, Meade MO, Cook DJ (2008) Users\u2019 guides to the medical literature. A manual for evidence-based practice. McGraw Hill Medical, JAMA & Archives Journals American Medical Association, New York"},{"key":"2045_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90682-4","volume":"2","author":"EC Johnstone","year":"1988","unstructured":"Johnstone EC, Crow TJ, Frith CD, Owens D (1988) The northwick park \u201cfunctional\u201d psychosis study: diagnosis and treatment response. Lancet 2:119\u2013125","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2045_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15081035","volume":"173","author":"B Helfer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Helfer B, Samara MT, Huhn M, Klupp E, Leucht C, Zhu Y, Engel RR, Leucht S (2016) Efficacy and safety of antidepressants added to antipsychotics for schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 173:876\u2013886","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2045_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-018-0869-3","volume":"268","author":"M Krause","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krause M, Zhu Y, Huhn M, Schneider-Thoma J, Bighelli I, Nikolakopoulou A, Leucht S (2018) Antipsychotic drugs for patients with schizophrenia and predominant or prominent negative symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatr Clin Neurosci 268:625\u2013639","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatr Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2045_CR23","first-page":"17","volume":"10","author":"S Leucht","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leucht S, Siafis S, Schneider-Thoma J, Tajika A, Priller J, Davis JM, Furukawa TA (2024) Are the results of open randomised controlled trials comparing antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia biased? Exploratory Meta Subgroup Anal Schizophr (Heidelb) 10:17","journal-title":"Exploratory Meta Subgroup Anal Schizophr (Heidelb)"},{"key":"2045_CR24","volume-title":"The amdp system","author":"MR Broome","year":"2018","unstructured":"Broome MR, Bottlender R, R\u00f6sler M, Stieglitz RD (2018) The amdp system. Hogrefe, G\u00f6ttingen"},{"key":"2045_CR25","first-page":"45","volume":"8","author":"RD Stieglitz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stieglitz RD, Haug A, Fahndrich E, Rosler M, Trabert W (2017) Comprehensive psychopathological assessment based on the association for methodology and documentation in psychiatry (amdp) system: Development, methodological foundation, application in clinical routine, and research. Front Psychiatr\/Front Research Found 8:45","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr\/Front Research Found"},{"key":"2045_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1001132","volume":"57","author":"U Baumann","year":"1989","unstructured":"Baumann U, Stieglitz RD (1989) evaluation of the system of the study group of methodology and documentation in psychiatry based on recent literature (1983 to 1987)\u2013a review. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 57:357\u2013373","journal-title":"Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"2045_CR27","volume-title":"Ecdeu assessment manual for psychopharmacology","author":"U Guy","year":"1976","unstructured":"Guy U (1976) Ecdeu assessment manual for psychopharmacology. National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA"},{"key":"2045_CR28","volume-title":"Ein leitfaden f\u00fcr studierende \u00e4rzte und psychologen","author":"K Jaspers","year":"1913","unstructured":"Jaspers K (1913) Allgemeine psychopathologie. Ein leitfaden f\u00fcr studierende \u00e4rzte und psychologen. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"2045_CR29","volume-title":"Klinische psychopathologie","author":"K Schneider","year":"1971","unstructured":"Schneider K (1971) Klinische psychopathologie. Thieme, Stuttgart"},{"key":"2045_CR30","volume-title":"Cosmin methodology for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures (proms) user manual","author":"LB Mokkink","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mokkink LB, Prinsen CAC, Patrick D, Alonso J, Bouter LM, de Vet HCW, Terwee CB (2018) Cosmin methodology for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures (proms) user manual. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"2045_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2024.07.012","volume":"88","author":"CU Correll","year":"2024","unstructured":"Correll CU, Dombi ZB, Barabassy A, Nemeth G, Brevig T, McIntyre RS (2024) The transdiagnostic global impression - psychopathology scale (tgi-p): Initial development of a novel transdiagnostic tool for assessing, tracking, and visualising psychiatric symptom severity in everyday practice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol: J Eur Coll Neuropsychopharmacol 88:31\u201339","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol: J Eur Coll Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2045_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3628","volume":"11","author":"MJ Millan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Millan MJ, Agid Y, Brune M, Bullmore ET, Carter CS, Clayton NS, Connor R, Davis S, Deakin B, DeRubeis RJ, Dubois B, Geyer MA, Goodwin GM, Gorwood P, Jay TM, Joels M, Mansuy IM, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Murphy D, Rolls E, Saletu B, Spedding M, Sweeney J, Whittington M, Young LJ (2012) Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: characteristics, causes and the quest for improved therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 11:141\u2013168","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"2045_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20771","volume":"19","author":"M Maj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maj M, Stein DJ, Parker G, Zimmerman M, Fava GA, De Hert M, Demyttenaere K, McIntyre RS, Widiger T, Wittchen HU (2020) The clinical characterization of the adult patient with depression aimed at personalization of management. World Psychiatr: Offl J World Psychiatr Assoc 19:269\u2013293","journal-title":"World Psychiatr: Offl J World Psychiatr Assoc"},{"key":"2045_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20809","volume":"20","author":"M Maj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maj M, van Os J, De Hert M, Gaebel W, Galderisi S, Green MF, Guloksuz S, Harvey PD, Jones PB, Malaspina D, McGorry P, Miettunen J, Murray RM, Nuechterlein KH, Peralta V, Thornicroft G, van Winkel R, Ventura J (2021) The clinical characterization of the patient with primary psychosis aimed at personalization of management. World Psychiatry 20:4\u201333","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2045_CR35","volume-title":"Kaufman brief intelligence test","author":"AS Kaufman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kaufman AS, Kaufman NL (2004) Kaufman brief intelligence test. Springer, Circle Pines, MN"},{"key":"2045_CR36","volume-title":"Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence (wasi-ii)","author":"D Wechsler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wechsler D (2011) Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence (wasi-ii). Pearson, San Antonio"},{"key":"2045_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.10.011","volume":"220","author":"P Knekt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knekt P, Saari T, Lindfors O (2014) Intelligence as a predictor of outcome in short- and long-term psychotherapy. Psychiatry Res 220:1019\u20131027","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2045_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00060-9","volume":"11","author":"J Scott","year":"2024","unstructured":"Scott J, Iorfino F, Capon W, Crouse J, Nelson B, Chanen AM, Dwyer D, Conus P, Bechdolf A, Ratheesh A, Raballo A, Yung A, Berk M, McKenna S, Hockey S, Hutcheon A, Scott E, McGorry P, Shah J, Hickie IB (2024) Staging 2.0: Refining transdiagnostic clinical staging frameworks to enhance reliability and utility for youth mental health. Lancet Psychiatr 11:461\u2013471","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatr"},{"key":"2045_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781139839518","volume-title":"Clinical staging in psychiatry: making diagnosis work for research and treatment","author":"PD McGorry","year":"2019","unstructured":"McGorry PD, Hickie IB (2019) Clinical staging in psychiatry: making diagnosis work for research and treatment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"2045_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000356","volume":"42","author":"J van Weeghel","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Weeghel J, van Zelst C, Boertien D, Hasson-Ohayon I (2019) Conceptualizations, assessments, and implications of personal recovery in mental illness: a scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Psychiatr Rehabil J 42:169\u2013181","journal-title":"Psychiatr Rehabil J"},{"key":"2045_CR41","volume-title":"Social determinants of mental health","author":"Foundation WHOaCG","year":"2014","unstructured":"Foundation WHOaCG (2014) Social determinants of mental health. World Health Organisation, Geneva"},{"key":"2045_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.135038","volume":"204","author":"S Priebe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Priebe S, Omer S, Giacco D, Slade M (2014) Resource-oriented therapeutic models in psychiatry: conceptual review. Br J Psychiatry 204:256\u2013261","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2045_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2003.00130.x","volume":"107","author":"J Hamann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hamann J, Leucht S, Kissling W (2003) Shared decision making in psychiatry. Acta Psychiatr Scand 107:403\u2013409","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2045_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0117450179271206231114064736","volume":"19","author":"J van Os","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Os J, Scheepers F, Milo M, Ockeloen G, Guloksuz S, Delespaul P (2023) \u201cIt has to be better, it can be better, otherwise we will get stuck\u201d. The gem social trial for mental health reform in The Netherlands. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 19:e17450179271206","journal-title":"Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health"},{"key":"2045_CR45","first-page":"323","volume":"101","author":"PL Morosini","year":"2000","unstructured":"Morosini PL, Magliano L, Brambilla L, Ugolini S, Pioli R (2000) Development, reliability and acceptability of a new version of the dsm-iv social and occupational functioning assessment scale (sofas) to assess routine social functioning. Acta PsychiatrScand 101:323\u2013329","journal-title":"Acta PsychiatrScand"},{"key":"2045_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, VA","edition":"5"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2045_CR47","first-page":"15","volume":"145","author":"S Fazel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fazel S et al (2013) Schizophrenia and intellectual disability: a review of the literature. Schizophr Res 145(1\u20133):15\u201323","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2045_CR48","first-page":"49","volume":"207","author":"O Atilola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Atilola O (2013) The diagnostic conundrum of schizophrenia and intellectual disability. Psychiatry Res 207(1\u20132):49\u201356","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2045_CR49","first-page":"124","volume":"39","author":"JH McGrew","year":"2014","unstructured":"McGrew JH et al (2014) Schizophrenia and intellectual disabilities: a review of current clinical approaches. J Dev Disabil 39(2):124\u2013132","journal-title":"J Dev Disabil"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-025-02045-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00406-025-02045-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-025-02045-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:03:06Z","timestamp":1770984186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00406-025-02045-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-025-02045-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-1334","1433-8491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-1334","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"In the last three years Stefan Leucht has received honoraria for advising\/consulting and\/or for lectures and\/or for educational material from Angelini, Apsen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Karuna, Kynexis, Lundbeck, Medscape, Otsuka, Neurotorium, NovoNordisk, Orionpharma, Otsuka, Roche, Rovi, TEVA. Alkomiet Hasan was or is a member of advisory boards and received paid speakership by Boehringer-Ingelheim, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Rovi, Teva (no speakership), AbbVie, Recordati and Advanz. He is editor of the AWMF German guidelines for schizophrenia. Wolfgang Strube has received a paid speakership from Mag & More (neurocare), Recordati and Rovi. He was member of advisory boards of Recordati, Janssen and Boehringer Ingelheim. Invitations to conferences or other activities were not accepted. Steffen Moritz: SM received honoraria as a consultant in advisory boards","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}