{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:27:36Z","timestamp":1770985656070,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007123","name":"Stanley Medical Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["07R-1832"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07R-1832"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006590","name":"Ministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft, Land Sachsen-Anhalt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XN3594O\/0405M, N2-OVGU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XN3594O\/0405M, N2-OVGU"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMBF NBL-3\/2 and 01ZZ0407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF NBL-3\/2 and 01ZZ0407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005306","name":"Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-025-02139-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T05:24:19Z","timestamp":1762579459000},"page":"339-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impairment of the GABAergic system in the prefrontal cortex of male heroin addicts"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"276","author":[{"given":"Apollonia","family":"von Gilsa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Tr\u00fcbner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mawrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Kaliszan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Nickl-Jockschat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0161-9270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Gos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2139_CR1","unstructured":"UNODC, World Drug Report 2024 (2024) https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/unodc\/en\/data-and-analysis\/world-drug-report-2024.html"},{"key":"2139_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.120.000083","volume":"73","author":"GF Koob","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koob GF (2021) Drug addiction: Hyperkatifeia\/negative reinforcement as a framework for medications development. Pharmacol Rev 73:163\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pharmrev.120.000083","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"2139_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8","volume":"3","author":"GF Koob","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koob GF, Volkow ND (2016) Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 3:760\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2139_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01153-9","volume":"47","author":"AO Ceceli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ceceli AO, Bradberry CW, Goldstein RZ (2022) The neurobiology of drug addiction: cross-species insights into the dysfunction and recovery of the prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 47:276\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-021-01153-9","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2139_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115621","volume":"331","author":"YH Chan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chan YH, Chang HM, Lu ML, Goh KK (2024) Targeting cravings in substance addiction with transcranial direct current stimulation: insights from a meta-analysis of sham-controlled trials. Psychiatry Res 331:115621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115621","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2139_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.11.010","volume":"61","author":"SJ Moeller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moeller SJ, London ED, Northoff G (2016) Neuroimaging markers of glutamatergic and GABAergic systems in drug addiction: relationships to resting-state functional connectivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 61:35\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.11.010","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2139_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12070918","volume":"12","author":"C Shyu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shyu C, Chavez S, Boileau I, Le Foll B (2022) Quantifying GABA in addiction: a review of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Brain Sci 12:918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci12070918","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"2139_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199907)33:1<36::AID-SYN4>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"33","author":"N Laprade","year":"1999","unstructured":"Laprade N, Soghomonian JJ (1999) Gene expression of the GAD67 and GAD65 isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase is differentially altered in subpopulations of striatal neurons in adult rats lesioned with 6-OHDA as neonates. Synapse 33:36\u201348","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"2139_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-008-9600-5","volume":"33","author":"J Wei","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wei J, Wu JY (2008) Post-translational regulation of L-glutamic acid decarboxylase in the brain. Neurochem Res 33:1459\u20131465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-008-9600-5","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"2139_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht322","volume":"25","author":"MS Lazarus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lazarus MS, Krishnan K, Huang ZJ (2015) GAD67 deficiency in parvalbumin interneurons produces deficits in inhibitory transmission and network disinhibition in mouse prefrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 25:1290\u20131296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bht322","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2139_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.05.015","volume":"54","author":"B Chattopadhyaya","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chattopadhyaya B, Di Cristo G, Wu CZ, Knott G, Kuhlman S, Fu Y, Palmiter RD, Huang ZJ (2007) GAD67-mediated GABA synthesis and signaling regulate inhibitory synaptic innervation in the visual cortex. Neuron 54:889\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.05.015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2139_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.07.008","volume":"51","author":"PO Kanold","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kanold PO, Shatz CJ (2006) Subplate neurons regulate maturation of cortical inhibition and outcome of ocular dominance plasticity. Neuron 51:627\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.07.008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2139_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7966","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1054-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"R Jagasia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jagasia R, Steib K, Englberger E, Herold S, Faus-Kessler T, Saxe M, Gage FH, Song H, Lie DC (2009) GABA-cAMP response element-binding protein signaling regulates maturation and survival of newly generated neurons in the adult hippocampus. J Neurosci 29:7966\u20137977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1054-09.2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2139_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.03.010","volume":"77","author":"G Gonzalez-Burgos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Burgos G, Cho RY, Lewis DA (2015) Alterations in cortical network oscillations and parvalbumin neurons in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 77:1031\u20131040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.03.010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2139_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12748","volume":"25","author":"BR Luster","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luster BR, Cogan ES, Schmidt KT, Pati D, Pina MM, Dange K, McElligott ZA (2020) Inhibitory transmission in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in male and female mice following morphine withdrawal. Addict Biol 25:e12748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.12748","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"2139_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915143117","volume":"117","author":"M Kallupi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kallupi M, Carrette LLG, Kononoff J, Solberg Woods LC, Palmer AA, Schweitzer P, George O, de Guglielmo G (2020) Nociceptin attenuates the escalation of oxycodone self-administration by normalizing CeA-GABA transmission in highly addicted rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117:2140\u20132148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1915143117","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2139_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.005","volume":"156","author":"R Bayer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bayer R, Franke H, Ficker C, Richter M, Lessig R, B\u00fcttner A, Weber M (2015) Alterations of neuronal precursor cells in stages of human adult neurogenesis in heroin addicts. Drug Alcohol Depend 156:139\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.005","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2139_CR18","first-page":"e190007","volume":"4","author":"MD Underwood","year":"2019","unstructured":"Underwood MD, Bakalian MJ, Dwork AJ, Min E, Mann JJ, Arango V (2019) GAD mRNA in orbital prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in alcoholics compared with nonpsychiatric controls: A negative postmortem study. J Psychiatr Brain Sci 4:e190007.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Brain Sci"},{"key":"2139_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12940","volume":"74","author":"JN Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li JN, Liu XL, Li L (2020) Prefrontal GABA and glutamate levels correlate with impulsivity and cognitive function of prescription opioid addicts: a 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 74:77\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.12940","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2139_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2024.109891","volume":"248","author":"RH Cole","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cole RH, Moussawi K, Joffe ME (2024) Opioid modulation of prefrontal cortex cells and circuits. Neuropharmacology 248:109891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2024.109891","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2139_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-024-01848-2","volume":"275","author":"A Gos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gos A, Steiner J, Tr\u00fcbner K, Mawrin C, Kaliszan M, Gos T (2025) Impairment of the GABAergic system in the anterior insular cortex of heroin-addicted males. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 275:219\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-024-01848-2","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2139_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-025-01992-3","author":"A von Gilsa","year":"2025","unstructured":"von Gilsa A, Steiner J, Gos A, Tr\u00fcbner K, Mawrin C, Kaliszan M, Nickl-Jockschat T, Gos T (2025) Impairment of the GABAergic system in the anterior midcingulate cortex of heroin-addicted males. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-025-01992-3Epub ahead of print","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2139_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9787","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad244","volume":"33","author":"MA Cormie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cormie MA, Kaya B, Hadjis GE, Mouseli P, Moayedi M (2023) Insula-cingulate structural and functional connectivity: an ultra-high field MRI study. Cereb Cortex 33:9787\u20139801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhad244","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2139_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104915","volume":"142","author":"S Ferraro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ferraro S, Klugah-Brown B, Tench CR, Bazinet V, Bore MC, Nigri A, Demichelis G, Bruzzone MG, Palermo S, Zhao W, Yao S, Jiang X, Kendrick KM, Becker B (2022) The central autonomic system revisited - Convergent evidence for a regulatory role of the insular and midcingulate cortex from neuroimaging meta-analyses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 142:104915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104915","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2139_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.021","volume":"113","author":"T Gos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gos T, G\u00fcnther K, Bielau H, Dobrowolny H, Mawrin C, Tr\u00fcbner K, Brisch R, Steiner J, Bernstein HG, Jankowski Z, Bogerts B (2009) Suicide and depression in the quantitative analysis of glutamic acid decarboxylase-Immunoreactive neuropil. J Affect Disord 113:45\u201355.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2139_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-012-0315-x","volume":"262","author":"T Gos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gos T, Steiner J, Bielau H, Dobrowolny H, G\u00fcnther K, Mawrin C, Krzy\u017canowski M, Hauser R, Brisch R, Bernstein HG, Jankowski Z, Braun K, Bogerts B (2012) Differences between unipolar and bipolar I depression in the quantitative analysis of glutamic acid decarboxylase-immunoreactive neuropil. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 262:647\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-012-0315-x","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2139_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.02.018","volume":"177","author":"J Steiner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steiner J, Brisch R, Schiltz K, Dobrowolny H, Mawrin C, Krzy\u017canowska M, Bernstein HG, Jankowski Z, Braun K, Schmitt A, Bogerts B, Gos T (2016) Gabaergic system impairment in the hippocampus and superior temporal gyrus of patients with paranoid schizophrenia: a post-mortem study. Schizophr Res 177:10\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2016.02.018","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2139_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.11.028","volume":"145","author":"A F\u00f6rster","year":"2021","unstructured":"F\u00f6rster A, Model V, Gos T, Frodl T, Schiltz K, Dobrowolny H, Meyer-Lotz G, Guest PC, Mawrin C, Bernstein HG, Bogerts B, Schlaaff K, Steiner J (2021) Reduced GABAergic neuropil and interneuron profiles in schizophrenia: complementary analysis of disease course-related differences. J Psychiatr Res 145:50\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.11.028","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2139_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1397.081","volume":"1096","author":"H Bielau","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bielau H, Steiner J, Mawrin C, Tr\u00fcbner K, Brisch R, Meyer-Lotz G, Brodhun M, Dobrowolny H, Baumann B, Gos T, Bernstein HG, Bogerts B (2007) Dysregulation of GABAergic neurotransmission in mood disorders: a postmortem study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1096:157\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1397.081","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2139_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.08.008","volume":"108","author":"F Gu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gu F, Parada I, Shen F, Li J, Bacci A, Graber K, Taghavi RM, Scalise K, Schwartzkroin P, Wenzel J, Prince DA (2017) Structural alterations in fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons in a model of posttraumatic neocortical epileptogenesis. Neurobiol Dis 108:100\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.08.008","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2139_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8716","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0524-22.2022","volume":"42","author":"A Bijlsma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bijlsma A, Omrani A, Spoelder M, Verharen JPH, Bauer L, Cornelis C, de Zwart B, van Dorland R, Vanderschuren LJMJ, Wierenga CJ (2022) Social play behavior is critical for the development of prefrontal inhibitory synapses and cognitive flexibility in rats. J Neurosci 42:8716\u20138728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0524-22.2022","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2139_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2363-17.2017","volume":"38","author":"MKP Joyce","year":"2018","unstructured":"Joyce MKP, Barbas H (2018) Cortical connections position primate area 25 as a keystone for interoception, emotion, and memory. J Neurosci 38:1677\u20131698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2363-17.2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2139_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.046","volume":"34","author":"HT Ghashghaei","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ghashghaei HT, Hilgetag CC, Barbas H (2007) Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the anatomic dialogue between prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Neuroimage 34:905\u2013923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.046","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2139_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1253736","volume":"14","author":"GB Kaplan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaplan GB, Thompson BL (2023) Neuroplasticity of the extended amygdala in opioid withdrawal and prolonged opioid abstinence. Front Pharmacol 14:1253736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1253736","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2139_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.06.033","volume":"91","author":"R Tremblay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tremblay R, Lee S, Rudy B (2016) Gabaergic interneurons in the neocortex: from cellular properties to circuits. Neuron 91:260\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.06.033","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2139_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.03.006","volume":"44","author":"PG Anastasiades","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anastasiades PG, Carter AG (2021) Circuit organization of the rodent medial prefrontal cortex. Trends Neurosci 44:550\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2021.03.006","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2139_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9391","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0874-16.2016","volume":"36","author":"LM McGarry","year":"2016","unstructured":"McGarry LM, Carter AG (2016) Inhibitory gating of basolateral amygdala inputs to the prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci 36:9391\u20139406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0874-16.2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2139_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.024","volume":"1469","author":"Q Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Yang W, Zhu J, Wu N, Chang H, Zheng Y, Qin W, Zhao L, Yuan K, Liu J, Wang W, Tian J (2012) Craving correlates with mesolimbic responses to heroin-related cues in short-term abstinence from heroin: an event-related fMRI study. Brain Res 1469:63\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.024","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2139_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.11.023","volume":"34","author":"A Alcaro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alcaro A, Panksepp J, Witczak J, Hayes DJ, Northoff G (2010) Is subcortical-cortical midline activity in depression mediated by glutamate and GABA? A cross-species translational approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 34:592\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.11.023","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2139_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X21989186","volume":"41","author":"Y Koush","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koush Y, de Graaf RA, Kupers R, Dricot L, Ptito M, Behar KL, Rothman DL, Hyder F (2021) Metabolic underpinnings of activated and deactivated cortical areas in human brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 41:986\u20131000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X21989186","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2139_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473709666151217121309","volume":"9","author":"HW Gordon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gordon HW (2016) Laterality of brain activation for risk factors of addiction. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 9:1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874473709666151217121309","journal-title":"Curr Drug Abuse Rev"},{"key":"2139_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-022-01423-7","volume":"272","author":"T Gos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gos T, Steiner J, Tr\u00fcbner K, Krzy\u017canowska M, Kaliszan M (2022) Ribosomal DNA transcription is increased in the left nucleus accumbens of heroin-dependent males. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 272:1603\u20131609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-022-01423-7","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2139_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903500302","volume":"350","author":"K Kunishio","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kunishio K, Haber SN (1994) Primate cingulostriatal projection: limbic striatal versus sensorimotor striatal input. J Comp Neurol 350:337\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.903500302","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2139_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(02)00586-x","volume":"33","author":"G Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Buzs\u00e1ki G (2002) Theta oscillations in the hippocampus. Neuron 33:325\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0896-6273(02)00586-x","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2139_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.020","volume":"91","author":"G McLoughlin","year":"2022","unstructured":"McLoughlin G, Gyurkovics M, Palmer J, Makeig S (2022) Midfrontal theta activity in psychiatric illness: an index of cognitive vulnerabilities across disorders. Biol Psychiatry 91:173\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2139_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.06.009","volume":"5","author":"TE Baker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baker TE, Lin MH, Gueth M, Biernacki K, Parikh S (2020) Beyond the motor cortex: theta burst stimulation of the anterior midcingulate cortex. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 5:1052\u20131060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.06.009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2139_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1379-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"A Benali","year":"2011","unstructured":"Benali A, Trippe J, Weiler E, Mix A, Petrasch-Parwez E, Girzalsky W, Eysel UT, Erdmann R, Funke K (2011) Theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation alters cortical inhibition. J Neurosci 31:1193\u20131203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1379-10.2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2139_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-1961-8","volume":"199","author":"J Trippe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Trippe J, Mix A, Aydin-Abidin S, Funke K, Benali A (2009) Theta burst and conventional low-frequency rTMS differentially affect GABAergic neurotransmission in the rat cortex. Exp Brain Res 199:411\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-009-1961-8","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-025-02139-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00406-025-02139-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-025-02139-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T11:49:57Z","timestamp":1770983397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00406-025-02139-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-025-02139-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-1334","1433-8491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-1334","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study has been approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Magdeburg as performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki of 1989.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}