{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:28:36Z","timestamp":1786991316598,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002551","name":"Seoul National University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-026-02251-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T02:51:07Z","timestamp":1776999067000},"page":"2425-2440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective childhood attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder traits and their differential associations with mood disorder presentations in adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"276","author":[{"given":"Yewon","family":"Jwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeona","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Jung","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Seok","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jongwook","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinn Won","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Hyuck","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In-Ae","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo Shin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Hyon","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jungkyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woojae","family":"Myung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2251_CR1","unstructured":"Association AP (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. American psychiatric association"},{"issue":"1","key":"2251_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035664","volume":"28","author":"JL Breyer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Breyer JL et al (2014) A longitudinal study of childhood ADHD and substance dependence disorders in early adulthood. Psychol Addict Behav 28(1):238","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"2251_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054713486516","volume":"20","author":"V Harpin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harpin V et al (2016) Long-term outcomes of ADHD: a systematic review of self-esteem and social function. J Atten Disord 20(4):295\u2013305","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"2251_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McIntyre RS et al (2010) Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in adults with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder: results from the international mood disorders collaborative project, vol 12. The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders, p 26675. 3","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.09m00861gry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2251_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04273-8","volume":"22","author":"MR Sadeghian Nadooshan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sadeghian Nadooshan MR et al (2022) ADHD in adults with major depressive or bipolar disorder: does it affect clinical features, comorbidity, quality of life, and global functioning? BMC Psychiatry 22(1):707","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2251_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2009.09.2049","volume":"121","author":"DW Goodman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goodman DW, Thase ME (2009) Recognizing ADHD in adults with comorbid mood disorders: implications for identification and management. Postgrad Med 121(5):31\u201341","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2251_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16040467","volume":"174","author":"A Viktorin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Viktorin A et al (2017) The risk of treatment-emergent mania with methylphenidate in bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 174(4):341\u2013348","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2251_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12266","volume":"17","author":"MH Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen MH et al (2015) Comorbidity of ADHD and subsequent bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults with major depression: a nationwide longitudinal study. Bipolar Disord 17(3):315\u2013322","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"2251_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-015-0065-0","volume":"44","author":"MC Meinzer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meinzer MC et al (2016) Does childhood attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predict levels of depressive symptoms during emerging adulthood? J Abnorm Child Psychol 44(4):787\u2013797","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2251_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n1118","volume":"68","author":"AP Wingo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wingo AP, Ghaemi SN (2007) A systematic review of rates and diagnostic validity of comorbid adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 68(11):1776\u20131784","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"2251_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.09.008","volume":"41","author":"AG Fischer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fischer AG et al (2007) The role of comorbid major depressive disorder in the clinical presentation of adult ADHD. J Psychiatr Res 41(12):991\u2013996","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2251_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2015.1060956","volume":"22","author":"AM Lyons Usher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lyons Usher AM et al (2016) Confirmatory factor analysis of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) in children and adolescents with ADHD. Child Neuropsychol 22(8):907\u2013918","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2251_CR13","unstructured":"Gao Y et al (2025) The diagnostic validity of central symptoms for major depressive disorder in adults with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a network analysis. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, pp 1\u201310"},{"issue":"3","key":"2251_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12845","volume":"137","author":"BS Solberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Solberg BS et al (2018) Gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity: a population-based study of 40 000 adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica 137(3):176\u2013186","journal-title":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2251_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613628","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2025.1613628","volume":"6","author":"J Kooij","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kooij J et al (2025) Research advances and future directions in female ADHD: the lifelong interplay of hormonal fluctuations with mood, cognition, and disease. Front Global Women\u2019s Health 6:1613628","journal-title":"Front Global Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2251_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01399.x","volume":"120","author":"E Ryden","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ryden E et al (2009) A history of childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) impacts clinical outcome in adult bipolar patients regardless of current ADHD. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica 120(3):239\u2013246","journal-title":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"3","key":"2251_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2011.05.002","volume":"53","author":"E-J Joo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Joo E-J et al (2012) Childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder features in adult mood disorders. Compr Psychiatr 53(3):217\u2013223","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatr"},{"key":"2251_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.6.885","volume":"150","author":"MF Ward","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ward MF (1993) The Wender Utah Rating Scale: an aid in the retrospective diagnosis of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 150:885\u2013885","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2251_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joo EJ et al (2010) Suggestive evidence for linkage of ADHD features in bipolar disorder to chromosome 10p14. Am J Med Genet Part B: Neuropsychiatr Genet. 153(1): 260\u2013268","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.31005"},{"issue":"4","key":"2251_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867416642021","volume":"51","author":"B Etain","year":"2017","unstructured":"Etain B et al (2017) Association between childhood dimensions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and adulthood clinical severity of bipolar disorders. Australian New Z J Psychiatry 51(4):382\u2013392","journal-title":"Australian New Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2251_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01605","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1605","volume":"10","author":"EJ Brevik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brevik EJ et al (2020) Validity and accuracy of the adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) self\u2010report scale (ASRS) and the Wender Utah rating scale (WURS) symptom checklists in discriminating between adults with and without ADHD. Brain Behav 10(6):e01605","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"2251_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.04.006","volume":"252","author":"V Pinzone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pinzone V et al (2019) Temperament correlates in adult ADHD: A systematic review\u2605\u2605. J Affect Disord 252:394\u2013403","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"2251_CR23","first-page":"22","volume":"59","author":"DV Sheehan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sheehan DV et al (1998) The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J clin psychiatry 59(Suppl 20):22\u201333","journal-title":"J clin psychiatry"},{"key":"2251_CR24","first-page":"63","volume":"7","author":"Y Koo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koo Y et al (2009) Factor structure of Wender Utah Rating Scale (Korean) in normal female adults. J Soc Korean Women Psychiatr 7:63\u201367","journal-title":"J Soc Korean Women Psychiatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2251_CR25","first-page":"74","volume":"27","author":"SH Cho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cho SH et al (2020) Association between childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder features and adulthood psychological resilience in patients with mood disorders. Korean J Biol Psychiatry 27(2):74\u201383","journal-title":"Korean J Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2251_CR26","first-page":"98","volume":"10","author":"YH Lee","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lee YH, Song JY (1991) A study of the reliability and the validity of the BDI, SDS, and MMPI-D scales. Korean J Clin Psychol 10(1):98\u2013113","journal-title":"Korean J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2251_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.15842\/kjcp.2016.35.4.010","volume":"35","author":"H-K Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee H-K et al (2016) Psychometric properties of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in the community-dwelling sample of Korean adults. Korean J Clin Psychol 35(4):822\u2013830","journal-title":"Korean J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2251_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59010115","volume":"59","author":"S Choi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi S et al (2023) Korean validation of the short version of the TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire) in patients with mood disorders. Medicina 59(1):115","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"5","key":"2251_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2022.0275","volume":"20","author":"J Yoon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yoon J et al (2023) Validation of the short form of the mood instability questionnaire-trait (MIQ-T-SF) in the Korean general population. Psychiatry Invest 20(5):408","journal-title":"Psychiatry Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"2251_CR30","first-page":"19","volume":"6","author":"K-h Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim K-h, Kim W-s (2001) Korean-BAS\/bis scale. Korean J Health Psychol 6(2):19\u201337","journal-title":"Korean J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2251_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2013.10.1.41","volume":"10","author":"J-H Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim J-H, Lee E-H, Joung Y-S (2013) The WHO Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale: reliability and validity of the Korean version. Psychiatry Invest 10(1):41","journal-title":"Psychiatry Invest"},{"key":"2251_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berking M, Znoj H (2011) SEK-27-Fragebogen zur standardisierten Selbsteinsch\u00e4tzung emotionaler Kompetenzen","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-05230-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"2251_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.1436","volume":"28","author":"YE Jung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jung YE et al (2012) The Korean version of the Connor\u2013Davidson Resilience Scale: an extended validation. Stress Health 28(4):319\u2013326","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2251_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.2014.35.1.2","volume":"35","author":"C-G Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim C-G et al (2014) Reliability and validity of alcohol use disorder dentification test-Korean revised version for screening at-risk drinking and alcohol use disorders. Korean J family Med 35(1):2","journal-title":"Korean J family Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2251_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.17315\/kjhp.2009.14.3.006","volume":"14","author":"J Yu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yu J et al (2009) Validation of the Korean Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: the practical use in counselling and therapeutic intervention. Korean J Health Psychol 14(3):563\u2013578","journal-title":"Korean J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2251_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.03.022","volume":"54","author":"K-U Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee K-U et al (2013) Psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM-K). Compr Psychiatr 54(7):918\u2013924","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2251_CR37","first-page":"129","volume":"3","author":"JK Kim","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kim JK (1998) Circadian rhythm and psychological adjustment. Korean J Health Psychol 3(1):129\u2013140","journal-title":"Korean J Health Psychol"},{"key":"2251_CR38","unstructured":"Kim S-J et al (2004) Seasonal variations of mood and behavior in Korean medical students. Sleep Med Psychophysiol, : p. 95\u201399"},{"key":"2251_CR39","unstructured":"Kline RB (2023) Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford"},{"key":"2251_CR40","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muth\u00e9n B (2017) Mplus user\u2019s guide: Statistical analysis with latent variables, user\u2019s guide. Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n"},{"issue":"12","key":"2251_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11111725","volume":"169","author":"A Duffy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Duffy A (2012) The nature of the association between childhood ADHD and the development of bipolar disorder: a review of prospective high-risk studies. Am J Psychiatry 169(12):1247\u20131255","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2251_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s40473-021-00231-y","volume":"8","author":"SA Fields","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fields SA et al (2021) The role of impulsivity in major depression: a systematic review. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 8:38\u201350","journal-title":"Curr Behav Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2251_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.10.002","volume":"17","author":"P Najt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Najt P et al (2007) Impulsivity and bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 17(5):313\u2013320","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2251_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40479-023-00235-y","volume":"10","author":"E Martz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martz E, Weiner L, Weibel S (2023) Identifying different patterns of emotion dysregulation in adult ADHD. Borderline personality disorder Emot dysregulation 10(1):28","journal-title":"Borderline personality disorder Emot dysregulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2251_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.09.2","volume":"9","author":"C Skirrow","year":"2009","unstructured":"Skirrow C et al (2009) Behavioral, neurocognitive and treatment overlap between attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and mood instability. Expert Rev Neurother 9(4):489\u2013503","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"4","key":"2251_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.158543","volume":"207","author":"MR Broome","year":"2015","unstructured":"Broome MR et al (2015) Mood instability: significance, definition and measurement. Br J Psychiatry 207(4):283\u2013285","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2251_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2007.09.018","volume":"44","author":"NE Hundt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hundt NE et al (2008) High BAS, but not low BIS, predicts externalizing symptoms in adults. Pers Indiv Differ 44(3):565\u2013575","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"2251_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1159\/000506134","volume":"79","author":"E Santens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santens E et al (2020) Effortful control\u2013A transdiagnostic dimension underlying internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Neuropsychobiology 79(4\u20135):255\u2013269","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2251_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2018.08.001","volume":"28","author":"B Franke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Franke B et al (2018) Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 28(10):1059\u20131088","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2251_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.04.007","volume":"74","author":"P Shaw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shaw P et al (2013) Trajectories of cerebral cortical development in childhood and adolescence and adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 74(8):599\u2013606","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2251_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.053415","volume":"7","author":"S Parsons","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parsons S, Kruijt A-W, Fox E (2016) A cognitive model of psychological resilience. J Experimental Psychopathol 7(3):296\u2013310","journal-title":"J Experimental Psychopathol"},{"key":"2251_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.07.060","volume":"244","author":"H Richard-Lepouriel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Richard-Lepouriel H et al (2019) Impulsivity and its association with childhood trauma experiences across bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and borderline personality disorder. J Affect Disord 244:33\u201341","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"2251_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-015-9531-9","volume":"38","author":"MF Lipton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lipton MF et al (2016) Profiles of social anxiety and impulsivity among college students: A close examination of profile differences in externalizing behavior. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 38(3):465\u2013475","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"issue":"1","key":"2251_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721409359280","volume":"19","author":"TB Kashdan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kashdan TB, McKnight PE (2010) The darker side of social anxiety: When aggressive impulsivity prevails over shy inhibition. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 19(1):47\u201350","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2251_CR55","first-page":"649","volume":"64","author":"SM Bae","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bae SM et al (2010) Gender difference in the association between adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and morningness\u2013eveningness. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 64(6):649\u2013651","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2251_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13994","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13994","volume":"33","author":"SP Becker","year":"2024","unstructured":"Becker SP et al (2024) ADHD, chronotype, and circadian preference in a multi-site sample of college students. J Sleep Res 33(1):e13994","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"2251_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.06.007","volume":"34","author":"MC Melo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Melo MC et al (2017) Chronotype and circadian rhythm in bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 34:46\u201358","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2251_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2003.09.007","volume":"19","author":"H Caci","year":"2004","unstructured":"Caci H, Robert P, Boyer P (2004) Novelty seekers and impulsive subjects are low in morningness. Eur psychiatry 19(2):79\u201384","journal-title":"Eur psychiatry"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02251-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02251-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02251-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:01:36Z","timestamp":1786989696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02251-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02251-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-1334","1433-8491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-1334","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The IRB waived patient consent because the demographics data for this study came from medical chart reviews. In addition, since the researchers did not have direct access to participants\u2019 personal information and used anonymized survey data for the analyses, the IRB waived the requirement for comparison consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study adhered to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital approved the study (protocol code B-2205-756-111, initial approval date: May 2, 2022).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Institutional review board statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}