{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:55:30Z","timestamp":1793382930830,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62373079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62373079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025ZNSFSC0734, 2024ZYD0039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZNSFSC0734, 2024ZYD0039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020207","name":"Health Commission of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24CXTD11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24CXTD11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032767","name":"Sichuan medical association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["S23012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S23012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031514","name":"Health Commission of Chengdu","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031514","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Sichuan Preventive Medicine Association","award":["SYYXHPT202420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SYYXHPT202420"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-026-02271-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:39:10Z","timestamp":1779201550000},"page":"3087-3099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of meditation on clinical symptoms and gray matter volume in chronic schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"276","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0690-322X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liju","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zezhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2271_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac113","volume":"49","author":"Y Aleman-Gomez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aleman-Gomez Y, Baumgartner T, Klauser P, Cleusix M, Jenni R, Hagmann P, Conus P, Do KQ, Bach Cuadra M, Baumann PS, Steullet P (2023) Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging depicts widespread and subregion specific anomalies in the thalamus of early-psychosis and chronic schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Bull 49:196\u2013207","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2271_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2026.111617","volume":"145","author":"SA Ansari","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ansari SA, Khan FI, Alshanberi AM, Alam MZ, Saboor M, Ashraf GM (2026) Gender-specific perspectives in schizophrenia: Recent advances and future directions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 145:111617","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.08.023","volume":"356","author":"JC Basso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Basso JC, McHale A, Ende V, Oberlin DJ, Suzuki WA (2019) Brief, daily meditation enhances attention, memory, mood, and emotional regulation in non-experienced meditators. Behav Brain Res 356:208\u2013220","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"2271_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boccia M, Piccardi L, Guariglia P (2015) The meditative mind: A comprehensive meta-analysis of mri studies. Biomed Res Int 2015:419808","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/419808"},{"key":"2271_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2017.03.006","volume":"44","author":"E Bulzacka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bulzacka E, Lavault S, Pelissolo A, Bagnis Isnard C (2018) [mindful neuropsychology: Mindfulness-based cognitive remediation]. Encephale 44:75\u201382","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"2271_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1809","volume":"7","author":"SN Burke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Burke SN, Barnes CA (2006) Neural plasticity in the ageing brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 7:30\u201340","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2271_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-008-0404-0","volume":"117","author":"W Byne","year":"2009","unstructured":"Byne W, Hazlett EA, Buchsbaum MS, Kemether E (2009) The thalamus and schizophrenia: Current status of research. Acta Neuropathol 117:347\u2013368","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2271_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01637-8","volume":"11","author":"F Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen F, Lv X, Fang J, Li T, Xu J, Wang X, Hong Y, Hong L, Wang J, Wang W, Wang C (2021) Body-mind relaxation meditation modulates the thalamocortical functional connectivity in major depressive disorder: A preliminary resting-state fmri study. Transl Psychiatry 11:546","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR9","first-page":"1025","volume":"7","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Wang T, Zhang T, Yi S, Zhao S, Li N, Yang Y, Zhang F, Xu L, Shan B, Xu X, Xu J (2022) Increased blood-brain barrier permeability of the thalamus correlated with symptom severity and brain volume alterations in patients with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 7:1025\u20131034","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2271_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-018-0388-5","volume":"10","author":"G Chetelat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chetelat G, Lutz A, Arenaza-Urquijo E, Collette F, Klimecki O, Marchant N (2018) Why could meditation practice help promote mental health and well-being in aging? Alzheimers Res Ther 10:57","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"2271_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cimmino DB, Zabriskie B, Luke S, Gutman B, Isaev D, Alpert K, Glahn D, Rodrigue A, Kelly S, Pearlson G, Calhoun V, Ehrlich S, Andreassen O, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Crespo-Facorro B, Satterthwaite T, Gur R, Gur R, Spalletta G, Piras F, Donohoe G, McDonald C, Pomarol-Clotet E, Salvador R, Karuk A, Voineskos A, Kochunov P, Borgwardt S, Agartz I, Jonsson E, Kircher T, Stein F, Brosch K, Nenadic I, Iasevoli F, Pontillo G, de Bartolomeis A, Barone A, Ciccarelli M, Di Giorgio A, Brunetti A, Cocozza S, Tranfa M, James A, Zarei M, Hough M, Flyckt L, Busatto GF, Rosa PGP, Serpa MH, Zanetti MV, van Erp T, Preda A, Nguyen D, Thompson P, Turner J, Wang L, Cobia D (2024) Sex differences in deep brain shape and asymmetry persist across schizophrenia and healthy individuals: A meta-analysis from the enigma-schizophrenia working group. bioRxiv","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.10.24.619733"},{"key":"2271_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correll CU (2020) Current treatment options and emerging agents for schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 81(3): MS19053BR3C","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.MS19053BR3C"},{"key":"2271_CR13","first-page":"388","volume":"106","author":"P Crawford","year":"2022","unstructured":"Crawford P, Go KV (2022) Schizophrenia. Am Fam Physician 106:388\u2013396","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2271_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2010_55","volume":"4","author":"WJ Cronenwett","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cronenwett WJ, Csernansky J (2010) Thalamic pathology in schizophrenia. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 4:509\u2013528","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"2271_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16050610","volume":"174","author":"VL Cropley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cropley VL, Klauser P, Lenroot RK, Bruggemann J, Sundram S, Bousman C, Pereira A, Di Biase MA, Weickert TW, Weickert CS, Pantelis C, Zalesky A (2017) Accelerated gray and white matter deterioration with age in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 174:286\u2013295","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04424-w","volume":"23","author":"X Dai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dai X, Gao M, Liu Y, Lv R, Chen H, Miao H, Zhang Y (2023) Analysis of inpatient cost burden and influencing factors of seniors\u2019 patients with mental illness in dalian, china. BMC Geriatr 23:739","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2271_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-020-01188-7","volume":"22","author":"A De Sousa","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Sousa A, Shah B, Shrivastava A (2020) Suicide and schizophrenia: An interplay of factors. Curr Psychiatry Rep 22:65","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"2271_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728993","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.728993","volume":"15","author":"M Dwivedi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dwivedi M, Dubey N, Pansari AJ, Bapi RS, Das M, Guha M, Banerjee R, Pramanick G, Basu J, Ghosh A (2021) Effects of meditation on structural changes of the brain in patients with mild cognitive impairment or alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia. Front Hum Neurosci 15:728993","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"2271_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721003809","volume":"53","author":"R Emsley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Emsley R, du Plessis S, Phahladira L, Luckhoff HK, Scheffler F, Kilian S, Smit R, Buckle C, Chiliza B, Asmal L (2023) Antipsychotic treatment effects and structural mri brain changes in schizophrenia. Psychol Med 53:2050\u20132059","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2271_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105735","volume":"162","author":"C Fan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fan C, Wu M, Liu H, Chen X, Gao Z, Zhao X, Zhou J, Jiang Z (2024) Effects of meditation on neural responses to pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fmri studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 162:105735","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2271_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nss066","volume":"8","author":"NA Farb","year":"2013","unstructured":"Farb NA, Segal ZV, Anderson AK (2013) Mindfulness meditation training alters cortical representations of interoceptive attention. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 8:15\u201326","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"2271_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feber L, Peter NL, Chiocchia V, Schneider-Thoma J, Siafis S, Bighelli I, Hansen WP, Lin X, Prates-Baldez D, Salanti G, Keefe RSE, Engel RR, Leucht S (2024) Antipsychotic drugs and cognitive function: A systematic review and pairwise network meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-023-02213-5"},{"key":"2271_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.016","volume":"43","author":"KC Fox","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fox KC, Nijeboer S, Dixon ML, Floman JL, Ellamil M, Rumak SP, Sedlmeier P, Christoff K (2014) Is meditation associated with altered brain structure? A systematic review and meta-analysis of morphometric neuroimaging in meditation practitioners. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 43:48\u201373","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2271_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e20075","volume":"9","author":"J Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao J, Leung HK, Wu BWY, Hung J, Chang C, Sik HH (2023) Long-term practice of intuitive inquiry meditation modulates eeg dynamics during self-schema processing. Heliyon 9:e20075","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2271_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-San-Martin N, Bethlehem RAI, Mihalik A, Seidlitz J, Sebenius I, Aleman-Morillo C, Dorfschmidt L, Shafiei G, de la Ortiz-Garcia V, Merritt K, David A, Morgan SE, Ruiz-Veguilla M, Ayesa-Arriola R, Vazquez-Bourgon J, Alexander-Bloch A, Misic B, Bullmore ET, Suckling J, Crespo-Facorro B, Lifespan Brain Chart C, Romero-Garcia R (2024) Molecular and micro-architectural mapping of gray matter alterations in psychosis. Mol Psychiatry","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.12.11.23299652"},{"key":"2271_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340317","volume":"34","author":"B Gaymard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gaymard B, Rivaud S, Pierrot-Deseilligny C (1993) Role of the left and right supplementary motor areas in memory-guided saccade sequences. Ann Neurol 34:404\u2013406","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2271_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.1862","volume":"78","author":"PR Goldin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goldin PR, Thurston M, Allende S, Moodie C, Dixon ML, Heimberg RG, Gross JJ (2021) Evaluation of cognitive behavioral therapy vs mindfulness meditation in brain changes during reappraisal and acceptance among patients with social anxiety disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 78:1134\u20131142","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12571","volume":"27","author":"Z Guan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guan Z, Huang C, Wiley JA, Sun M, Bai X, Tang S (2020) Internalized stigma and its correlates among family caregivers of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in changsha, hunan, china. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 27:224\u2013236","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"2271_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0150757","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150757","volume":"11","author":"SE Hernandez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hernandez SE, Suero J, Barros A, Gonzalez-Mora JL, Rubia K (2016) Increased grey matter associated with long-term sahaja yoga meditation: A voxel-based morphometry study. PLoS ONE 11:e0150757","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2271_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.08.006","volume":"191","author":"BK Holzel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Holzel BK, Carmody J, Vangel M, Congleton C, Yerramsetti SM, Gard T, Lazar SW (2011) Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density. Psychiatry Res 191:36\u201343","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2271_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00245","volume":"8","author":"X Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang X, Pu W, Li X, Greenshaw AJ, Dursun SM, Xue Z, Liu H, Liu Z (2017) Decreased left putamen and thalamus volume correlates with delusions in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Front Psychiatry 8:245","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30511-X","volume":"6","author":"Y Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Liu Z, Yu X, Yan J, Yu Y, Kou C, Xu X, Lu J, Wang Z, He S, Xu Y, He Y, Li T, Guo W, Tian H, Xu G, Xu X, Wu Y (2019) Prevalence of mental disorders in china: A cross-sectional epidemiological study. Lancet Psychiatry 6:211\u2013224","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang X, Sun Y, Wu A, Zhang X (2023) Overweight or obesity among chinese han people with schizophrenia: Demographic, clinical and cognitive correlations. Brain Sci 13","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13091245"},{"key":"2271_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31135-3","volume":"394","author":"M Huhn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huhn M, Nikolakopoulou A, Schneider-Thoma J, Krause M, Samara M, Peter N, Arndt T, Backers L, Rothe P, Cipriani A, Davis J, Salanti G, Leucht S (2019) Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral antipsychotics for the acute treatment of adults with multi-episode schizophrenia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet 394:939\u2013951","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2271_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5594","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0067-17.2017","volume":"37","author":"K Hwang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hwang K, Bertolero MA, Liu WB, D\u2019Esposito M (2017) The human thalamus is an integrative hub for functional brain networks. J Neurosci 37:5594\u20135607","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2271_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.11.016","volume":"215","author":"JE Jansen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jansen JE, Gleeson J, Bendall S, Rice S, Alvarez-Jimenez M (2020) Acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions for persons with psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 215:25\u201337","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2271_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01730-X","volume":"399","author":"S Jauhar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jauhar S, Johnstone M, McKenna PJ (2022) Schizophrenia. Lancet 399:473\u2013486","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2271_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-025-00449-9","volume":"3","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Palaniyappan L, Chang X, Zhang J, Zhou E, Yu X, Tsai S-J, Lin C-P, Cheng J, Tang Y, Wang J, Luo C, Yao D, Cui L-B, Cheng W, Feng J (2025) Gray matter volume heterogeneity by stage, site of origin and pathophysiology in schizophrenia. Nat Mental Health 3:803\u2013813","journal-title":"Nat Mental Health"},{"key":"2271_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/19.2.287","volume":"19","author":"JM Kane","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kane JM, Marder SR (1993) Psychopharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 19:287\u2013302","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2271_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nss056","volume":"8","author":"DH Kang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kang DH, Jo HJ, Jung WH, Kim SH, Jung YH, Choi CH, Lee US, An SC, Jang JH, Kwon JS (2013) The effect of meditation on brain structure: Cortical thickness mapping and diffusion tensor imaging. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 8:27\u201333","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"2271_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120203","volume":"276","author":"AN Karabanov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karabanov AN, Chillemi G, Madsen KH, Siebner HR (2023) Dynamic involvement of premotor and supplementary motor areas in bimanual pinch force control. NeuroImage 276:120203","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2271_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105643","volume":"160","author":"AR Kittleson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kittleson AR, Woodward ND, Heckers S, Sheffield JM (2024) The insula: Leveraging cellular and systems-level research to better understand its roles in health and schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 160:105643","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2271_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-023-02203-7","volume":"16","author":"JJ Knabb","year":"2023","unstructured":"Knabb JJ, Vazquez VE (2023) Decentering mindfulness: Toward greater meditative diversity in global public health. Mindfulness 16:647\u2013654","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"2271_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-022-02061-9","volume":"14","author":"SU Lam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lam SU, Riordan KM, Simonsson O, Davidson RJ, Goldberg SB (2023) Who sticks with meditation? Rates and predictors of persistence in a population-based sample in the USA. Mindfulness 14:66\u201378","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"2271_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4034","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23646","volume":"38","author":"D Laneri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laneri D, Krach S, Paulus FM, Kanske P, Schuster V, Sommer J, Muller-Pinzler L (2017) Mindfulness meditation regulates anterior insula activity during empathy for social pain. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4034\u20134046","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2271_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160899","volume":"56","author":"N Last","year":"2017","unstructured":"Last N, Tufts E, Auger LE (2017) The effects of meditation on grey matter atrophy and neurodegeneration: A systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis 56:275\u2013286","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2271_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.21680","volume":"328","author":"EJ Lenze","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lenze EJ, Voegtle M, Miller JP, Ances BM, Balota DA, Barch D, Depp CA, Diniz BS, Eyler LT, Foster ER, Gettinger TR, Head D, Hershey T, Klein S, Nichols JF, Nicol GE, Nishino T, Patterson BW, Rodebaugh TL, ., Wetherell JL (2022) Effects of mindfulness training and exercise on cognitive function in older adults: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 328:2218\u20132229","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2271_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60733-3","volume":"382","author":"S Leucht","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leucht S, Cipriani A, Spineli L, Mavridis D, Orey D, Richter F, Samara M, Barbui C, Engel RR, Geddes JR, Kissling W, Stapf MP, Lassig B, Salanti G, Davis JM (2013) Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: A multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet 382:951\u2013962","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2271_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-023-00331-6","volume":"9","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li J, Du H, Dou F, Yang C, Zhao Y, Ma Z, Hu X (2023) A study on the changing trend and influencing factors of hospitalization costs of schizophrenia in economically underdeveloped areas of china. Schizophrenia (Heidelb) 9:4","journal-title":"Schizophrenia (Heidelb)"},{"key":"2271_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-025-03355-x","volume":"15","author":"S Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu S, Wang M, Han W, Chen A, Liu X, Liu K, Li X, Chen Y, Zhang L, Liu Q, Guo X, Wang X, Kang N, Han Y, Li Y, Su X, Lv L, Liu B, Li W, Yang Y (2025) Prediction of antipsychotic drug efficacy for schizophrenia treatment based on neural features of the resting-state functional connectome. Translational Psychiatry 15:137","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114970","volume":"318","author":"S Mannarini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mannarini S, Taccini F, Sato I, Rossi AA (2022) Understanding stigma toward schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 318:114970","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2271_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2015.12.005","volume":"40","author":"J Manuello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Manuello J, Vercelli U, Nani A, Costa T, Cauda F (2016) Mindfulness meditation and consciousness: An integrative neuroscientific perspective. Conscious Cogn 40:67\u201378","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"2271_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110202","volume":"111","author":"BJ Miller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miller BJ, McCall WV, Xia L, Zhang Y, Li W, Yao X, Liu H (2021) Insomnia, suicidal ideation, and psychopathology in chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 111:110202","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594334","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1594334","volume":"16","author":"I Moniem","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moniem I, Kafetzopoulos V (2025) Sex differences in schizophrenia: Symptomatology, treatment efficacy and adverse effects. Front Psychiatry 16:1594334","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.04.008","volume":"256","author":"L Morch-Johnsen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morch-Johnsen L, Jorgensen KN, Barth C, Nerland S, Bringslid IK, Wortinger LA, Andreou D, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Agartz I (2023) Thalamic nuclei volumes in schizophrenia and bipolar spectrum disorders - associations with diagnosis and clinical characteristics. Schizophr Res 256:26\u201335","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2271_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2416684","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.16684","volume":"7","author":"H Ni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ni H, Wang H, Ma X, Li S, Liu C, Song X, Potenza MN, Dong GH (2024) Efficacy and neural mechanisms of mindfulness meditation among adults with internet gaming disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 7:e2416684","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2271_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1159\/000377705","volume":"84","author":"S Orfanos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Orfanos S, Banks C, Priebe S (2015) Are group psychotherapeutic treatments effective for patients with schizophrenia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom 84:241\u2013249","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"2271_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orzelska-Gorka J, Mikulska J, Wiszniewska A, Biala G (2022) New atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia and depression. Int J Mol Sci 23:10624","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810624"},{"key":"2271_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-021-00453-4","volume":"15","author":"CR Pernet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pernet CR, Belov N, Delorme A, Zammit A (2021) Mindfulness related changes in grey matter: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 15:2720\u20132730","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"2271_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207012","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1207012","volume":"15","author":"J Pommy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pommy J, Smart CM, Bryant AM, Wang Y (2023) Three potential neurovascular pathways driving the benefits of mindfulness meditation for older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 15:1207012","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2271_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00339-9","volume":"43","author":"CM Portas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Portas CM, Goldstein JM, Shenton ME, Hokama HH, Wible CG, Fischer I, Kikinis R, Donnino R, Jolesz FA, McCarley RW (1998) Volumetric evaluation of the thalamus in schizophrenic male patients using magnetic resonance imaging. Biol Psychiatry 43:649\u2013659","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116272","volume":"342","author":"C Reangsing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reangsing C, Wongsuraprakit S, Punsuwun S, Oerther S (2024) Effects of mindfulness-based interventions (mbis) on psychotic symptoms and psychological outcomes in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 342:116272","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2271_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-018-1738-6","volume":"223","author":"J Ruan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruan J, Bludau S, Palomero-Gallagher N, Caspers S, Mohlberg H, Eickhoff SB, Seitz RJ, Amunts K (2018) Cytoarchitecture, probability maps, and functions of the human supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas. Brain Struct Funct 223:4169\u20134186","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"2271_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9667","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-24-09667.1997","volume":"17","author":"N Sadato","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sadato N, Yonekura Y, Waki A, Yamada H, Ishii Y (1997) Role of the supplementary motor area and the right premotor cortex in the coordination of bimanual finger movements. J Neurosci 17:9667\u20139674","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2271_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salari N, Maghami N, Ammari T, Mosafer H, Abdullahi R, Rasoulpoor S, Babajani F, Mahmodzadeh B, Mohammadi M (2024) Global prevalence of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prev (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-024-00798-8"},{"key":"2271_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sasabayashi D, Takayanagi Y, Takahashi T, Nishiyama S, Mizukami Y, Katagiri N, Tsujino N, Nemoto T, Sakuma A, Katsura M, Ohmuro N, Okada N, Tada M, Suga M, Maikusa N, Koike S, Furuichi A, Kido M, Noguchi K, \u2026 Suzuki M (2021) Reduced cortical thickness of the paracentral lobule in at-risk mental state individuals with poor 1-year functional outcomes. Transl Psychiatry 11:396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01516-2"},{"key":"2271_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.07.009","volume":"150","author":"J Schaefer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schaefer J, Giangrande E, Weinberger DR, Dickinson D (2013) The global cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: Consistent over decades and around the world. Schizophr Res 150:42\u201350","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2271_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.04.020","volume":"72","author":"AM Shepherd","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shepherd AM, Matheson SL, Laurens KR, Carr VJ, Green MJ (2012) Systematic meta-analysis of insula volume in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 72:775\u2013784","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02138-4","volume":"28","author":"M Solmi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Solmi M, Seitidis G, Mavridis D, Correll CU, Dragioti E, Guimond S, Tuominen L, Dargel A, Carvalho AF, Fornaro M, Maes M, Monaco F, Song M, Il Shin J, Cortese S (2023) Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of schizophrenia - data, with critical appraisal, from the global burden of disease (gbd) 2019. Mol Psychiatry 28:5319\u20135327","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000694","volume":"34","author":"HV Solomon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Solomon HV, Sinopoli M, DeLisi LE (2021) Ageing with schizophrenia: An update. Curr Opin Psychiatry 34:266\u2013274","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s41256-022-00253-3","volume":"7","author":"W Tan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tan W, Chen L, Zhang Y, Xi J, Hao Y, Jia F, Hall BJ, Gu J, Wang S, Lin H, Lin X (2022) Regional years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for severe mental disorders in guangdong province, china: A real-world longitudinal study. Glob Health Res Policy 7:17","journal-title":"Glob Health Res Policy"},{"key":"2271_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang Y-Y, Tang R (2020) Cultural differences in meditation. Neurosci Meditation 37\u201363","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818266-6.00004-6"},{"key":"2271_CR73","first-page":"399","volume":"4","author":"Y Tian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tian Y, Zalesky A, Bousman C, Everall I, Pantelis C (2019) Insula functional connectivity in schizophrenia: Subregions, gradients, and symptoms. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 4:399\u2013408","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2271_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbad160","volume":"50","author":"S Tsugawa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tsugawa S, Honda S, Noda Y, Wannan C, Zalesky A, Tarumi R, Iwata Y, Ogyu K, Plitman E, Ueno F, Mimura M, Uchida H, Chakravarty M, Graff-Guerrero A, Nakajima S (2024) Associations between structural covariance network and antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 50:382\u2013392","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2271_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649564","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1649564","volume":"16","author":"C Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang C (2025) Beyond mindfulness: How buddhist meditation transforms consciousness through distinct psychological pathways. Front Psychol 16:1649564","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2271_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.09.011","volume":"191","author":"DJ Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang DJ, Rao H, Korczykowski M, Wintering N, Pluta J, Khalsa DS, Newberg AB (2011) Cerebral blood flow changes associated with different meditation practices and perceived depth of meditation. Psychiatry Res 191:60\u201367","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2271_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12553","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12553","volume":"9","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zeng L, Chen L, Zhou X, Huo L, Wang T, Zhou Y, Zhang X (2021) The prevalence and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in chinese inpatients with chronic schizophrenia: A multicenter cross-sectional study. PeerJ 9:e12553","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2271_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S413070","volume":"16","author":"R Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang R, Zheng S, Ouyang X, Zhang S, Ge M, Yang M, Sheng X, Yang K, Xia L, Zhou X (2023) Suicidality and its association with stigma in clinically stable patients with schizophrenia in rural china. Psychol Res Behav Manag 16:1947\u20131956","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"key":"2271_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.07.045","volume":"271","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Y, Ouyang L, Fan L, Zheng W, Li Z, Tang J, Yuan L, Li C, Jin K, Liu W, Chen X, He Y, Ma X (2024) Functional and structural abnormalities of thalamus in individuals at early stage of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 271:292\u2013299","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2271_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2024.104042","volume":"96","author":"LN Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang LN, Lin S, Tian L, Wu H, Jin WQ, Wang W, Pan WG, Yang CL, Ren YP, Ma X, Tang YL (2024) Subregional thalamic functional connectivity abnormalities and cognitive impairments in first-episode schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 96:104042","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"key":"2271_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu J, Zhang X, Cheng Q, Zhang H, Zhong L, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Ou Z, Yan Z, Peng K, Liu G (2024) Abnormal supplementary motor areas are associated with idiopathic and acquired blepharospasm. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 121:106029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.106029"},{"key":"2271_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13641","volume":"78","author":"T Xue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xue T, Sheng J, Gao H, Gu Y, Dai J, Yang X, Peng H, Gao H, Lu R, Shen Y, Wang L, Wang L, Shi Y, Li Z, Cui D (2024) Eight-month intensive meditation-based intervention improves refractory hallucinations and delusions and quality of life in male inpatients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 78:248\u2013258","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2271_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10977","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47470-4","volume":"9","author":"CC Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang CC, Barros-Loscertales A, Li M, Pinazo D, Borchardt V, Avila C, Walter M (2019) Alterations in brain structure and amplitude of low-frequency after 8 weeks of mindfulness meditation training in meditation-naive subjects. Sci Rep 9:10977","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2271_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746791","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.746791","volume":"12","author":"M Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang M, Li Q, Wang C, Li L, Xu M, Yan F, Chen W, Wan Y (2021) Influencing factors of hospital-acquired pneumonia infection in the middle-aged and elderly patients with schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 12:746791","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2010.03.014","volume":"19","author":"F Zeidan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zeidan F, Johnson SK, Diamond BJ, David Z, Goolkasian P (2010) Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: Evidence of brief mental training. Conscious Cogn 19:597\u2013605","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"2271_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac094","volume":"48","author":"J Zeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeng J, Zhang W, Wu G, Wang X, Shah C, Li S, Xiao Y, Yao L, Cao H, Li Z, Sweeney JA, Lui S, Gong Q (2022) Effects of antipsychotic medications and illness duration on brain features that distinguish schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Bull 48:1354\u20131362","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2271_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05929-3","volume":"24","author":"DN Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou DN, Yang X, Wang W, Jin WQ, Tang YL, Zheng Z, Ren Y (2024) Exploring the interplay of psychiatric symptoms, antipsychotic medications, side effects, employment status, and quality of life in chronic schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 24:484","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2271_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-019-0611-9","volume":"3","author":"DA Ziegler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ziegler DA, Simon AJ, Gallen CL, Skinner S, Janowich JR, Volponi JJ, Rolle CE, Mishra J, Kornfield J, Anguera JA, Gazzaley A (2019) Closed-loop digital meditation improves sustained attention in young adults. Nat Hum Behav 3:746\u2013757","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02271-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02271-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02271-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T16:02:06Z","timestamp":1788019326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02271-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02271-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-1334","1433-8491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-1334","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The protocol was approved by the institutional review committee of the Shanghai Mental Health Center and the first Civil Affairs mental health center. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects prior to their participation in the study. All procedures performed were following the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}