{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:10:14Z","timestamp":1789053014567,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006389","name":"University of Geneva","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006389","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sleep and mental health are intricately linked. Insomnia \u2013 defined as a dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality \u2013 is highly prevalent among patients with psychiatric disorders, exerting a negative impact on treatment outcome. However, the prevalence of insomnia on a symptom and diagnosis level (insomnia disorder) has not systematically been assessed in inpatient psychiatric care. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and insomnia disorder according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria in inpatient psychiatric care. Comprehensive diagnostic interviews were conducted by trained clinicians in four German and two Swiss psychiatric hospitals. A total of 427 inpatients with psychiatric disorders across diagnostic groups were included (225 female, 200 male, 2 non-binary, mean age 40.8\u2009\u00b1\u200915.1\u00a0years, mean duration of psychiatric illness 8.6\u2009\u00b1\u200910.6\u00a0years). The prevalence of comorbid insomnia disorder, according to DSM-5 criteria, was 30.4% (95% CI [26.0%; 34.8%]). Additionally, 38.4% of patients (95% CI [33.8%; 43.0%]) reported regular insomnia symptoms but did not fulfill disorder criteria. Together, 68.8% of the sample (95% CI [66.4%; 73.2%]) were regularly affected by insomnia complaints. The prevalence of insomnia disorder was independent of age and diagnostic group, but significantly higher in women than in men (Fisher\u2019s exact test:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.006, OR\u2009=\u20091.8, 95% CI [1.2; 2.8]). The current study is, to our knowledge, the first interview-based systematic investigation of the prevalence of insomnia disorder in inpatient psychiatric care. The high prevalence of around one third of patients is a call for action to implement a systematic diagnostic evaluation and state-of-the-art treatment of insomnia in routine psychiatric care. Of note, recent work demonstrates that adaptations of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) \u2013 the first-line treatment according to guidelines\u2014are feasible in inpatient psychiatric care. These interventions might have the potential to reduce the overprescription of hypnotic medication and to improve sleep and health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-026-02285-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:25:32Z","timestamp":1782491132000},"page":"3357-3366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The prevalence of insomnia disorder in inpatient psychiatric care"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"276","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Hertenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Danker-Hopfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mikutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Allenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peggy","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Spath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elmar","family":"Gro\u00dfkurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta L.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Frase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Schilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schredl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Anzenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"G\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silja","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Norra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Mauche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Makiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Strau\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Wetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska C.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Nissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"2285_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.21.2581","volume":"291","author":"K Demyttenaere","year":"2004","unstructured":"Demyttenaere K, Bruffaerts R, Posada-Villa J et al (2004) Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. JAMA 291(21):2581\u20132590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.291.21.2581","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2285_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5\u00ae)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5\u00ae). American Psychiatric Pub"},{"key":"2285_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. ICD-11: International Classification of Diseases (11th Revision). https:\/\/icd.who.int\/; 2022."},{"key":"2285_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.10.006","volume":"43","author":"E Hertenstein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hertenstein E, Feige B, Gmeiner T et al (2019) Insomnia as a predictor of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 43:96\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.10.006","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"2285_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.040","volume":"281","author":"K Inada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Inada K, Enomoto M, Yamato K, Marumoto T, Takeshima M, Mishima K (2021) Effect of residual insomnia and use of hypnotics on relapse of depression: a retrospective cohort study using a health insurance claims database. J Affect Disord 281:539\u2013546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.040","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2285_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101597","volume":"62","author":"E Hertenstein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hertenstein E, Trinca E, Wunderlin M et al (2022) Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with mental disorders and comorbid insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 62:101597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101597","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2285_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14035","volume":"32","author":"D Riemann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Riemann D, Espie CA, Altena E et al (2023) The European Insomnia Guideline: an update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023. J Sleep Res 32(6):e14035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.14035","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2285_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-2175","volume":"165","author":"A Qaseem","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qaseem A, Kansagara D, Forciea MA, Cooke M, Denberg TD, Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians (2016) Management of chronic insomnia disorder in adults: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 165(2):125\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M15-2175","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2285_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8986","volume":"17","author":"JD Edinger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Edinger JD, Arnedt JT, Bertisch SM et al (2021) Behavioral and psychological treatments for chronic insomnia disorder in adults: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline. J Clin Sleep Med 17(2):255\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.8986","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"7526","key":"2285_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38623.768588.47","volume":"331","author":"J Glass","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glass J, Lanct\u00f4t KL, Herrmann N, Sproule BA, Busto UE (2005) Sedative hypnotics in older people with insomnia: meta-analysis of risks and benefits. BMJ 331(7526):1169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.38623.768588.47","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2285_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-013-3893-6","volume":"85","author":"C Nissen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nissen C, Frase L, Hajak G, Wetter TC (2014) Hypnotics\u2013state of the science. Nervenarzt 85(1):67\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00115-013-3893-6","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"issue":"2","key":"2285_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6942","volume":"14","author":"LSE Seow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seow LSE, Verma SK, Mok YM et al (2018) Evaluating DSM-5 insomnia disorder and the treatment of sleep problems in a psychiatric population. J Clin Sleep Med 14(2):237\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.6942","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2285_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70089","volume":"34","author":"A van Straten","year":"2025","unstructured":"van Straten A, Weinreich KJ, F\u00e1bi\u00e1n B et al (2025) The prevalence of insomnia disorder in the general population: a meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 34(5):e70089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.70089","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2285_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4","volume":"2","author":"CH Bastien","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bastien CH, Valli\u00e8res A, Morin CM (2001) Validation of the insomnia severity index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Med 2(4):297\u2013307","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2285_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","volume":"28","author":"DJ Buysse","year":"1989","unstructured":"Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ (1989) The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 28(2):193\u2013213","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2285_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7258","volume":"14","author":"BR Lapin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lapin BR, Bena JF, Walia HK, Moul DE (2018) The epworth sleepiness scale: validation of one-dimensional factor structure in a large clinical sample. J Clin Sleep Med 14(8):1293\u20131301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.7258","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2285_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB (2001) The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 16(9):606\u2013613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2285_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","volume":"46","author":"LB Krupp","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krupp LB, LaRocca NG, Muir-Nash J, Steinberg AD (1989) The fatigue severity scale. Arch Neurol 46(10):1121\u20131123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2285_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S160742","volume":"14","author":"F Talih","year":"2018","unstructured":"Talih F, Ajaltouni J, Ghandour H, Abu-Mohammad AS, Kobeissy F (2018) Insomnia in hospitalized psychiatric patients: prevalence and associated factors. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 14:969\u2013975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S160742","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"8","key":"2285_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01124-w","volume":"54","author":"K Watanabe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Watanabe K, Jansen PR, Savage JE et al (2022) Genome-wide meta-analysis of insomnia prioritizes genes associated with metabolic and psychiatric pathways. Nat Genet 54(8):1125\u20131132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-022-01124-w","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"10347","key":"2285_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00878-9","volume":"400","author":"F De Crescenzo","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Crescenzo F, D\u2019Al\u00f2 GL, Ostinelli EG et al (2022) Comparative effects of pharmacological interventions for the acute and long-term management of insomnia disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet 400(10347):170\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00878-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2285_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14041","volume":"32","author":"CL Schneider","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schneider CL, Hertenstein E, Nissen C (2023) Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in inpatient psychiatric care: a systematic review. J Sleep Res 32(6):e14041","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"2285_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleepadvances\/zpaa005","volume":"1","author":"CL Schneider","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schneider CL, Hertenstein E, Feh\u00e9r K et al (2020) Become your own SLEEPexpert: design, implementation, and preliminary evaluation of a pragmatic behavioral treatment program for insomnia in inpatient psychiatric care. SLEEP Advances 1:zpaa005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleepadvances\/zpaa005","journal-title":"SLEEP Advances"},{"issue":"10","key":"2285_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003191","volume":"48","author":"B Sheaves","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sheaves B, Freeman D, Isham L et al (2018) Stabilising sleep for patients admitted at acute crisis to a psychiatric hospital (OWLS): an assessor-blind pilot randomised controlled trial. Psychol Med 48(10):1694\u20131704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291717003191","journal-title":"Psychol Med"}],"container-title":["European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02285-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02285-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02285-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:49:28Z","timestamp":1789051768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02285-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-026-02285-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-1334","1433-8491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-1334","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-8491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Maria Strau\u00df has received speaker fees from MEDICE Arzneimittel P\u00fctter GmbH & Co. KG, Takeda, and Janssen-Cilag, and has served as an advisory board member for Takeda and Janssen-Cilag. C.N. has served on advisory boards of Janssen, Idorsia and the GetOn Institute. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. C.M. received speaker fees from Idorsia, Mepha and Lundbeck and has served as an advisory board member for Lundbeck.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}