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Fine-grained, near real-time data may capture short-term fluctuations in alcohol use, yet evidence on long-term temporal drinking patterns remains limited. Using smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) over 12 months, we quantified weekly, seasonal, and pandemic-related drinking patterns in individuals aged 16\u201366 with alcohol use disorder (AUD) recruited February 2020\u2013September 2024. Outcomes were modelled as drinking frequency (any vs. none per day) and drinking-day amount (g\/day on drinking days). Mixed-effects models tested weekends, holiday-related days, annual seasonality, lockdown periods, and time since study entry. Among 670 participants, drinking frequency and drinking-day amount increased on weekends (frequency: \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.354; amount: \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.078; both\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001) and holiday-related days (frequency: \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.319; amount: \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.056; both\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001). During lockdowns, drinking frequency was higher (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.074;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .007), whereas drinking-day amount did not change. Seasonal variation was observed (frequency: \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.252; amount: \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.035; both\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001), with December peaks and January declines. Drinking frequency declined early after study entry (\u03b2 = \u22120.0005;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .002) and then remained stable at a lower level than at study entry, with no time trend in drinking-day amount. Long-term EMA captured drinking patterns and suggested possible assessment-related changes early after study entry. Higher-consumption windows (weekends, holiday-related days, December) may help inform the timing of prevention and intervention strategies; causal effects of repeated EMA (i.e., assessment reactivity) should be tested in randomized controlled trials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-026-02294-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:24:52Z","timestamp":1785817492000},"page":"3367-3378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal patterns of alcohol use in alcohol use disorder: a 12-month ecological momentary assessment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"276","author":[{"given":"Nadja S.","family":"Bahr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Rapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Reichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Reichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah-Lena","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"D\u00f6rr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rika","family":"Gro\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Luca","family":"Wiedenh\u00f6ft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Lenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael N.","family":"Smolka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Banaschewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich W.","family":"Ebner-Priemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianna","family":"Spitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Arntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2294_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024) Global status report on alcohol and health and treatment of substance use disorders. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240096745. 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He received conference support or speaker\u2019s fee from AGB pharma, Janssen-Cilag, Medice and Takeda. He received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press. The present work is unrelated to these relationships. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the local ethics committees at Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Technical University Dresden, and the Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim. All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Reporting followed the STROBE guideline for observational studies.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants provided written informed consent. For participants younger than 18 years, informed consent was co-signed by a parent or legal guardian.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Participants received monetary compensation for participation, in accordance with local ethics committee approvals.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Compensation","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}