{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T07:13:57Z","timestamp":1788506037962,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t Heidelberg der Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prenatal androgen exposure organizes the development of the brain with permanent effects on brain structure and function. The second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D) has been associated with mental illnesses, including addictive disorders, with some studies reporting sex-dependent associations. Preliminary evidence suggests that in healthy male adolescents lower 2D:4D (indicating higher prenatal androgenization) is related to lower volumes of the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) which has previously been linked to a higher risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD). We aimed at transferring this association into an older cohort with AUD. Further, we explored relationships between 2D:4D and brain volumes on a whole brain level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated 253 men and 155 women with AUD (mean age 37.31\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.54\u00a0years) and associated mean of the right and left hand 2D:4D (M2D:4D = primary predictor) with brain volumes from 3\u00a0T MRI using FreeSurfer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that lower M2D:4D was associated with smaller right ACC volume in men using a pre-specified directional one-tailed test. Secondary subsegment analyses indicated this association may primarily be observed in the right caudal ACC. Exploratory analyses suggested sex- and hemisphere-stratified associations with other brain volumes, unaffected by age moderation and largely robust after adjustment for education and AUD criteria count across models examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In line with previous findings, the results indicate that in men with AUD, lower 2D:4D ratios are associated with smaller right ACC volumes. The findings contribute to understanding brain variability in AUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-026-02363-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:43:32Z","timestamp":1788504212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["2D:4D digit ratio and brain volumes in alcohol use 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