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We compared historical values with PSQ from the large German cohort participating in \u201cRisk Factors for COVID-19 Vaccine Failure study (RisCoin).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In late 2021, we enrolled 4115 adults: hospital employees or patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or psychiatric disorders with \u2265 2 COVID-19 vaccinations. Participants completed extensive questionnaires including PSQ. Healthcare workers (HCW) were categorized as HCW-healthy or HCW-plus (any chronic medical condition). PSQ total and domain scores (worries, tension, joy, demands) were compared to reference values. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with cohort-specific high scores (mean + 1SD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HCW-healthy (N = 1998, mean age \u00b1 SD: 38 \u00b1 12 years) reached higher mean total PSQ scores than historical healthy individuals (36 \u00b1 18 vs. 33 \u00b1 17, respectively, p&lt;0.001), but lower scores (40 \u00b1 19, p &lt; 0.001) than HCW-plus (N = 1717, 43 \u00b1 13 years). Female HCW-healthy perceived higher stress than males, especially at younger age. Participants with IBD (N = 161, 45 \u00b1 15 years) exhibited lower scores than historical IBD patients (38 \u00b1 19 vs. 43 \u00b1 17, p &lt; 0.001); psychiatric patients (N = 100, 41 \u00b1 15 years) showed the highest scores (60 \u00b1 19). Among HCW, female gender, frequent consumption of ready-to-eat meals\/foods, and living with children were associated with higher, whereas regular physical activity and healthy dietary habits with lower PSQ scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assuming representativeness of our cohort, these PSQ data could serve as updated benchmark for future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-026-02379-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T03:58:30Z","timestamp":1789963110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Results of the validated German Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) from a large German cohort of healthy adults and different disease groups compared to historical reference 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