{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:01:58Z","timestamp":1790168518736,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lung"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-011-9353-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,16]],"date-time":"2011-12-16T10:02:17Z","timestamp":1324029737000},"page":"133-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Quantitative Computed Tomography in COPD: Possibilities and Limitations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"O. M.","family":"Mets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"van Ginneken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. A.","family":"Gietema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. W. J.","family":"Lammers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"9353_CR1","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Updated 2010. Available at: http:\/\/www.goldcopd.com . Accessed September 2011"},{"issue":"15","key":"9353_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe0807387","volume":"359","author":"JJ Reilly","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reilly JJ (2008) COPD and declining FEV1\u2014time to divide and conquer? N Engl J Med 359(15):1616\u20131618","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-3059","volume":"134","author":"SI Rennard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rennard SI, Vestbo J (2008) The many \u201csmall COPDs\u201d: COPD should be an orphan disease. Chest 134(3):623\u2013627","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"9353_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1080\/15412550701629663","volume":"4","author":"AL Friedlander","year":"2007","unstructured":"Friedlander AL, Lynch D, Dyar LA, Bowler RP (2007) Phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD 4(4):355\u2013384","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"9353_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-122","volume":"11","author":"A Agusti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agusti A, Calverley PM, Celli B, Coxson HO, Edwards LD, Lomas DA, MacNee W, Miller BE, Rennard S, Silverman EK, Tal-Singer R, Wouters E, Yates JC, Vestbo J (2010) Characterisation of COPD heterogeneity in the ECLIPSE cohort. Respir Res 11:122","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"9353_CR6","unstructured":"Lynch D, Jacobson F, Murphy J, Wilson C, Newell Jr J, Grenier P, Kauczor H, Crapo J (2011) Visual CT subtypes of COPD: preliminary observations from the COPDGene Trial, presented on behalf of the COPDGene Qualitative CT workshop participants. RSNA 96th scientific assembly and annual meeting. Available at: http:\/\/rsna2010.rsna.org\/search.cfm?action=add%filter=Author&value=81026 . Accessed September 2011"},{"issue":"11","key":"9353_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2005.08.013","volume":"12","author":"HO Coxson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Coxson HO, Rogers RM (2005) Quantitative computed tomography of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Acad Radiol 12(11):1457\u20131463","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"9353_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.6_suppl.271S","volume":"122","author":"Y Nakano","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nakano Y, Muller NL, King GG, Niimi A, Kalloger SE, Mishima M, Pare PD (2002) Quantitative assessment of airway remodeling using high-resolution CT. Chest 122(6 Suppl):271S\u2013275S","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"9353_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2009.11.004","volume":"17","author":"T Yamashiro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamashiro T, Matsuoka S, Bartholmai BJ, San Jose ER, Ross JC, Diaz A, Murayama S, Silverman EK, Hatabu H, Washko GR (2010) Collapsibility of lung volume by paired inspiratory and expiratory CT scans: correlations with lung function and mean lung density. Acad Radiol 17(4):489\u2013495","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2820","volume":"190","author":"S Matsuoka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Matsuoka S, Kurihara Y, Yagihashi K, Hoshino M, Watanabe N, Nakajima Y (2008) Quantitative assessment of air trapping in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using inspiratory and expiratory volumetric MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 190(3):762\u2013769","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"25","key":"9353_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196806202782501","volume":"278","author":"JC Hogg","year":"1968","unstructured":"Hogg JC, Macklem PT, Thurlbeck WM (1968) Site and nature of airway obstruction in chronic obstructive lung disease. N Engl J Med 278(25):1355\u20131360","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"9353_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032158","volume":"350","author":"JC Hogg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hogg JC, Chu F, Utokaparch S, Woods R, Elliott WM, Buzatu L, Cherniack RM, Rogers RM, Sciurba FC, Coxson HO, Pare PD (2004) The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 350(26):2645\u20132653","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2462070712","volume":"246","author":"DM Hansell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hansell DM, Bankier AA, MacMahon H, McLoud TC, Muller NL, Remy J (2008) Fleischner Society: glossary of terms for thoracic imaging. Radiology 246(3):697\u2013722","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"9353_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1320-y","volume":"19","author":"E Cavigli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cavigli E, Camiciottoli G, Diciotti S, Orlandi I, Spinelli C, Meoni E, Grassi L, Farfalla C, Pistolesi M, Falaschi F, Mascalchi M (2009) Whole-lung densitometry versus visual assessment of emphysema. Eur Radiol 19(7):1686\u20131692","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"9353_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rli.0000186418.31139.21","volume":"40","author":"ME Bakker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bakker ME, Stolk J, Putter H, Shaker SB, Parr DG, Piitulainen E, Russi EW, Dirksen A, Stockley RA, Reiber JH, Stoel BC (2005) Variability in densitometric assessment of pulmonary emphysema with computed tomography. Invest Radiol 40(12):777\u2013783","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"9353_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stolk J, Dirksen A, van der Lugt AA, Hutsebaut J, Mathieu J, de RJ, Reiber JH, Stoel BC (2001) Repeatability of lung density measurements with low-dose computed tomography in subjects with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency-associated emphysema. Invest Radiol 36(11):648\u2013651","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-200111000-00004"},{"issue":"4","key":"9353_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850410005642","volume":"45","author":"SB Shaker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shaker SB, Dirksen A, Laursen LC, Maltbaek N, Christensen L, Sander U, Seersholm N, Skovgaard LT, Nielsen L, Kok-Jensen A (2004) Short-term reproducibility of computed tomography-based lung density measurements in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and smokers with emphysema. Acta Radiol 45(4):424\u2013430","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9353_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.220.2.r01au46448","volume":"220","author":"DS Gierada","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gierada DS, Yusen RD, Pilgram TK, Crouch L, Slone RM, Bae KT, Lefrak SS, Cooper JD (2001) Repeatability of quantitative CT indexes of emphysema in patients evaluated for lung volume reduction surgery. Radiology 220(2):448\u2013454","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"8398","key":"9353_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92689-8","volume":"2","author":"MD Hayhurst","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hayhurst MD, MacNee W, Flenley DC, Wright D, McLean A, Lamb D, Wightman AJ, Best J (1984) Diagnosis of pulmonary emphysema by computerised tomography. Lancet 2(8398):320\u2013322","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"9353_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.94.4.782","volume":"94","author":"NL Muller","year":"1988","unstructured":"Muller NL, Staples CA, Miller RR, Abboud RT (1988) \u201cDensity mask\u201d: an objective method to quantitate emphysema using computed tomography. Chest 94(4):782\u2013787","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.301095110","volume":"30","author":"S Matsuoka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Matsuoka S, Yamashiro T, Washko GR, Kurihara Y, Nakajima Y, Hatabu H (2010) Quantitative CT assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Radiographics 30(1):55\u201366","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e3181b31cf0","volume":"24","author":"DA Lynch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lynch DA, Newell JD (2009) Quantitative imaging of COPD. J Thorac Imaging 24(3):189\u2013194","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2382042196","volume":"238","author":"A Madani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Madani A, Zanen J, De Maertelaer V, Gevenois PA (2006) Pulmonary emphysema: objective quantification at multi-detector row CT: comparison with macroscopic and microscopic morphometry. Radiology 238(3):1036\u20131043","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9353_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.2.7633722","volume":"152","author":"PA Gevenois","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gevenois PA, De Maertelaer V, De Vuyst P, Zanen J, Yernault JC (1995) Comparison of computed density and macroscopic morphometry in pulmonary emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152(2):653\u2013657","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.1.8680679","volume":"154","author":"PA Gevenois","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gevenois PA, De Vuyst P, de Maertelaer V, Zanen J, Jacobovitz D, Cosio MG, Yernault JC (1996) Comparison of computed density and microscopic morphometry in pulmonary emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154(1):187\u2013192","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"9353_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00026504","volume":"23","author":"JD Newell Jr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Newell JD Jr, Hogg JC, Snider GL (2004) Report of a workshop: quantitative computed tomography scanning in longitudinal studies of emphysema. Eur Respir J 23(5):769\u2013775","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"7","key":"9353_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.10.032","volume":"104","author":"B Hochhegger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hochhegger B, Marchiori E, Irion KL, Moreira J (2010) Are we measuring pulmonary emphysema? Respir Med 104(7):1073","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"9353_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2009.08.007","volume":"17","author":"DS Gierada","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gierada DS, Bierhals AJ, Choong CK, Bartel ST, Ritter JH, Das NA, Hong C, Pilgram TK, Bae KT, Whiting BR, Woods JC, Hogg JC, Lutey BA, Battafarano RJ, Cooper JD, Meyers BF, Patterson GA (2010) Effects of CT section thickness and reconstruction kernel on emphysema quantification relationship to the magnitude of the CT emphysema index. Acad Radiol 17(2):146\u2013156","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9353_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2007.03.034","volume":"65","author":"J Ley-Zaporozhan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ley-Zaporozhan J, Ley S, Weinheimer O, Iliyushenko S, Erdugan S, Eberhardt R, Fuxa A, Mews J, Kauczor HU (2008) Quantitative analysis of emphysema in 3D using MDCT: influence of different reconstruction algorithms. Eur J Radiol 65(2):228\u2013234","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"9353_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1175-8","volume":"34","author":"AW Reske","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reske AW, Busse H, Amato MB, Jaekel M, Kahn T, Schwarzkopf P, Schreiter D, Gottschaldt U, Seiwerts M (2008) Image reconstruction affects computer tomographic assessment of lung hyperinflation. Intensive Care Med 34(11):2044\u20132053","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2321030383","volume":"232","author":"KL Boedeker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boedeker KL, Nitt-Gray MF, Rogers SR, Truong DA, Brown MS, Gjertson DW, Goldin JG (2004) Emphysema: effect of reconstruction algorithm on CT imaging measures. Radiology 232(1):295\u2013301","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2431060194","volume":"243","author":"A Madani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Madani A, De Maertelaer V, Zanen J, Gevenois PA (2007) Pulmonary emphysema: radiation dose and section thickness at multidetector CT quantification\u2014comparison with macroscopic and microscopic morphometry. Radiology 243(1):250\u2013257","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10091446","volume":"257","author":"A Madani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Madani A, Van Muylem A, Gevenois PA (2010) Pulmonary emphysema: effect of lung volume on objective quantification at thin-section CT. Radiology 257(1):260\u2013268","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9353_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiemker R, Opfer R, B\u00fclow T, Rogalla P, Steinberg A, Dharaiya E, Subramanyan K (2007) Toward computer-aided emphysema quantification on ultralow-dose CT: reproducibility of ventrodorsal gravity effect measurement and correction. Proc SPIE 6514(65140O-1-65140O-11)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.705868"},{"issue":"2","key":"9353_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2325","volume":"132","author":"R Yuan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yuan R, Mayo JR, Hogg JC, Pare PD, McWilliams AM, Lam S, Coxson HO (2007) The effects of radiation dose and CT manufacturer on measurements of lung densitometry. Chest 132(2):617\u2013623","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"9353_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200804-040QC","volume":"5","author":"BC Stoel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stoel BC, Putter H, Bakker ME, Dirksen A, Stockley RA, Piitulainen E, Russi EW, Parr D, Shaker SB, Reiber JH, Stolk J (2008) Volume correction in computed tomography densitometry for follow-up studies on pulmonary emphysema. Proc Am Thorac Soc 5(9):919\u2013924","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"9353_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850410005525","volume":"45","author":"SB Shaker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shaker SB, Dirksen A, Laursen LC, Skovgaard LT, Holstein-Rathlou NH (2004) Volume adjustment of lung density by computed tomography scans in patients with emphysema. Acta Radiol 45(4):417\u2013423","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"9353_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamed Hoesein FA, de Hoop B, Zanen P, Gietema H, Kruitwagen CL, van Ginneken B, Isgum I, Mol C, van Klaveren RJ, Dijkstra AE, Groen HJ, Boezen HM, Postma DS, Prokop M, Lammers JW (2011) CT-quantified emphysema in male heavy smokers: association with lung function decline. Thorax. doi: 10.1136\/thx.2010.145995","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.145995"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.1498","volume":"188","author":"DS Gierada","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gierada DS, Pilgram TK, Whiting BR, Hong C, Bierhals AJ, Kim JH, Bae KT (2007) Comparison of standard- and low-radiation-dose CT for quantification of emphysema. AJR Am J Roentgenol 188(1):42\u201347","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200605000-00018","volume":"30","author":"J Zaporozhan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zaporozhan J, Ley S, Weinheimer O, Eberhardt R, Tsakiris I, Noshi Y, Herth F, Kauczor HU (2006) Multi-detector CT of the chest: influence of dose onto quantitative evaluation of severe emphysema: a simulation study. J Comput Assist Tomogr 30(3):460\u2013468","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"9353_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2009.08.009","volume":"17","author":"H Koyama","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koyama H, Ohno Y, Yamazaki Y, Nogami M, Murase K, Onishi Y, Matsumoto K, Takenaka D, Sugimura K (2010) Quantitative and qualitative assessments of lung destruction and pulmonary functional loss from reduced-dose thin-section CT in pulmonary emphysema patients. Acad Radiol 17(2):163\u2013168","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9353_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2006.871545","volume":"25","author":"AM Schilham","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schilham AM, van Ginneken B, Gietema H, Prokop M (2006) Local noise weighted filtering for emphysema scoring of low-dose CT images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 25(4):451\u2013463","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"10","key":"9353_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1437-z","volume":"19","author":"CP Heussel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Heussel CP, Herth FJ, Kappes J, Hantusch R, Hartlieb S, Weinheimer O, Kauczor HU, Eberhardt R (2009) Fully automatic quantitative assessment of emphysema in computed tomography: comparison with pulmonary function testing and normal values. Eur Radiol 19(10):2391\u20132402","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"9353_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-153","volume":"11","author":"R Yuan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yuan R, Nagao T, Pare PD, Hogg JC, Sin DD, Elliott MW, Loy L, Xing L, Kalloger SE, English JC, Mayo JR, Coxson HO (2010) Quantification of lung surface area using computed tomography. Respir Res 11:153","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-008-9071-0","volume":"186","author":"YK Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee YK, Oh YM, Lee JH, Kim EK, Lee JH, Kim N, Seo JB, Lee SD (2008) Quantitative assessment of emphysema, air trapping, and airway thickening on computed tomography. Lung 186(3):157\u2013165","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.3.9805067","volume":"159","author":"HO Coxson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Coxson HO, Rogers RM, Whittall KP, D\u2019yachkova Y, Pare PD, Sciurba FC, Hogg JC (1999) A quantification of the lung surface area in emphysema using computed tomography. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159(3):851\u2013856","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.1.9606093","volume":"156","author":"R Uppaluri","year":"1997","unstructured":"Uppaluri R, Mitsa T, Sonka M, Hoffman EA, McLennan G (1997) Quantification of pulmonary emphysema from lung computed tomography images. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156(1):248\u2013254","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"9353_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.9804094","volume":"160","author":"R Uppaluri","year":"1999","unstructured":"Uppaluri R, Hoffman EA, Sonka M, Hartley PG, Hunninghake GW, McLennan G (1999) Computer recognition of regional lung disease patterns. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160(2):648\u2013654","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"9353_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2006.870889","volume":"25","author":"Y Xu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xu Y, Sonka M, McLennan G, Guo J, Hoffman EA (2006) MDCT-based 3-D texture classification of emphysema and early smoking related lung pathologies. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 25(4):464\u2013475","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"9353_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1109\/42.925296","volume":"20","author":"RA Blechschmidt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Blechschmidt RA, Werthschutzky R, Lorcher U (2001) Automated CT image evaluation of the lung: a morphology-based concept. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 20(5):434\u2013442","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"9353_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2009.2038575","volume":"29","author":"L Sorensen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sorensen L, Shaker SB, de Bruijne M (2010) Quantitative analysis of pulmonary emphysema using local binary patterns. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 29(2):559\u2013569","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"9353_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e31816901c7","volume":"43","author":"YS Park","year":"2008","unstructured":"Park YS, Seo JB, Kim N, Chae EJ, Oh YM, Lee SD, Lee Y, Kang SH (2008) Texture-based quantification of pulmonary emphysema on high-resolution computed tomography: comparison with density-based quantification and correlation with pulmonary function test. Invest Radiol 43(6):395\u2013402","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"9353_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8829","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.16.8829","volume":"96","author":"M Mishima","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mishima M, Hirai T, Itoh H, Nakano Y, Sakai H, Muro S, Nishimura K, Oku Y, Chin K, Ohi M, Nakamura T, Bates JH, Alencar AM, Suki B (1999) Complexity of terminal airspace geometry assessed by lung computed tomography in normal subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96(16):8829\u20138834","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2483071434","volume":"248","author":"A Madani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Madani A, Van Muylem A, De Maertelaer V, Zanen J, Gevenois PA (2008) Pulmonary emphysema: size distribution of emphysematous spaces on multidetector CT images\u2014comparison with macroscopic and microscopic morphometry. Radiology 248(3):1036\u20131041","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.1.7599833","volume":"152","author":"HA Tiddens","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tiddens HA, Pare PD, Hogg JC, Hop WC, Lambert R, de Jongste JC (1995) Cartilaginous airway dimensions and airflow obstruction in human lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152(1):260\u2013266","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"9353_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.1578","volume":"185","author":"ZA Aziz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aziz ZA, Wells AU, Desai SR, Ellis SM, Walker AE, MacDonald S, Hansell DM (2005) Functional impairment in emphysema: contribution of airway abnormalities and distribution of parenchymal disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 185(6):1509\u20131515","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9353_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200801-059OC","volume":"178","author":"BD Patel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Patel BD, Coxson HO, Pillai SG, Agusti AG, Calverley PM, Donner CF, Make BJ, Muller NL, Rennard SI, Vestbo J, Wouters EF, Hiorns MP, Nakano Y, Camp PG, Nasute Fauerbach PV, Screaton NJ, Campbell EJ, Anderson WH, Pare PD, Levy RD, Lake SL, Silverman EK, Lomas DA (2008) Airway wall thickening and emphysema show independent familial aggregation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 178(5):500\u2013505","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"9353_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-874OC","volume":"171","author":"Y Nakano","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nakano Y, Wong JC, de Jong PA, Buzatu L, Nagao T, Coxson HO, Elliott WM, Hogg JC, Pare PD (2005) The prediction of small airway dimensions using computed tomography. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171(2):142\u2013146","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.1.307","volume":"73","author":"AE McNamara","year":"1992","unstructured":"McNamara AE, Muller NL, Okazawa M, Arntorp J, Wiggs BR, Pare PD (1992) Airway narrowing in excised canine lungs measured by high-resolution computed tomography. J Appl Physiol 73(1):307\u2013316","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9353_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1109\/42.650878","volume":"16","author":"JM Reinhardt","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reinhardt JM, D\u2019Souza ND, Hoffman EA (1997) Accurate measurement of intrathoracic airways. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 16(6):820\u2013827","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00962.2002","volume":"95","author":"OI Saba","year":"2003","unstructured":"Saba OI, Hoffman EA, Reinhardt JM (2003) Maximizing quantitative accuracy of lung airway lumen and wall measures obtained from X-ray CT imaging. J Appl Physiol 95(3):1063\u20131075","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"9353_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"King GG, Muller NL, Whittall KP, Xiang QS, Pare PD (2000) An analysis algorithm for measuring airway lumen and wall areas from high-resolution computed tomographic data. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161(2 Pt 1):574\u2013580","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.2.9812073"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2007.902798","volume":"27","author":"O Weinheimer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weinheimer O, Achenbach T, Bletz C, Duber C, Kauczor HU, Heussel CP (2008) About objective 3-d analysis of airway geometry in computerized tomography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 27(1):64\u201374","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"9353_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1117\/12.463615","volume":"4683","author":"Y Nakano","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nakano Y, Whittall KP, Kalloger SE, Coxson H, Pare PD, English JC (2002) Development and validation of human airway analysis algorithm using multidetector row CT. Proc SPIE 4683:460\u2013469","journal-title":"Proc SPIE"},{"key":"9353_CR65","first-page":"323","volume":"5916","author":"A Saragaglia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saragaglia A, Fetita C, Preteux F, Brillet P, Grenier P (2005) Accurate 3D quantification of the bronchial parameters in MDCT. Proc SPIE 5916:323\u2013334","journal-title":"Proc SPIE"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2353040121","volume":"235","author":"P Berger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Berger P, Perot V, Desbarats P, Tunon-de-Lara JM, Marthan R, Laurent F (2005) Airway wall thickness in cigarette smokers: quantitative thin-section CT assessment. Radiology 235(3):1055\u20131064","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"9353_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200601-037OC","volume":"173","author":"M Hasegawa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hasegawa M, Nasuhara Y, Onodera Y, Makita H, Nagai K, Fuke S, Ito Y, Betsuyaku T, Nishimura M (2006) Airflow limitation and airway dimensions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173(12):1309\u20131315","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"9353_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-1089-4","volume":"18","author":"T Achenbach","year":"2008","unstructured":"Achenbach T, Weinheimer O, Biedermann A, Schmitt S, Freudenstein D, Goutham E, Kunz RP, Buhl R, Dueber C, Heussel CP (2008) MDCT assessment of airway wall thickness in COPD patients using a new method: correlations with pulmonary function tests. Eur Radiol 18(12):2731\u20132738","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2491071650","volume":"248","author":"S Matsuoka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Matsuoka S, Kurihara Y, Yagihashi K, Hoshino M, Nakajima Y (2008) Airway dimensions at inspiratory and expiratory multisection CT in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlation with airflow limitation. Radiology 248(3):1042\u20131049","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"9353_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.3.9907120","volume":"162","author":"Y Nakano","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nakano Y, Muro S, Sakai H, Hirai T, Chin K, Tsukino M, Nishimura K, Itoh H, Pare PD, Hogg JC, Mishima M (2000) Computed tomographic measurements of airway dimensions and emphysema in smokers. Correlation with lung function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162(3 Pt 1):1102\u20131108","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"9353_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200901-0159PP","volume":"180","author":"HO Coxson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Coxson HO, Mayo J, Lam S, Santyr G, Parraga G, Sin DD (2009) New and current clinical imaging techniques to study chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180(7):588\u2013597","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00216.2009","volume":"107","author":"GR Washko","year":"2009","unstructured":"Washko GR, Dransfield MT, Estepar RS, Diaz A, Matsuoka S, Yamashiro T, Hatabu H, Silverman EK, Bailey WC, Reilly JJ (2009) Airway wall attenuation: a biomarker of airway disease in subjects with COPD. J Appl Physiol 107(1):185\u2013191","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9353_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3653","volume":"195","author":"T Yamashiro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamashiro T, Matsuoka S, Estepar RS, Dransfield MT, Diaz A, Reilly JJ, Patz S, Murayama S, Silverman EK, Hatabu H, Washko GR (2010) Quantitative assessment of bronchial wall attenuation with thin-section CT: an indicator of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 195(2):363\u2013369","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00020408","volume":"34","author":"JP Williamson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Williamson JP, James AL, Phillips MJ, Sampson DD, Hillman DR, Eastwood PR (2009) Quantifying tracheobronchial tree dimensions: methods, limitations and emerging techniques. Eur Respir J 34(1):42\u201355","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2008.9.3.226","volume":"9","author":"N Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim N, Seo JB, Song KS, Chae EJ, Kang SH (2008) Semi-automatic measurement of the airway dimension by computed tomography using the full-width-half-maximum method: a study on the measurement accuracy according to the CT parameters and size of the airway. Korean J Radiol 9(3):226\u2013235","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9353_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e318190699a","volume":"33","author":"T Achenbach","year":"2009","unstructured":"Achenbach T, Weinheimer O, Dueber C, Heussel CP (2009) Influence of pixel size on quantification of airway wall thickness in computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 33(5):725\u2013730","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"9353_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt M, Kuhnigk JM, Krass S, Owsijewitsch M, Hoop BJ, Peitgen H (2010) Reproducibility of airway wall thickness measurements. Proc SPIE 7624(10)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.844453"},{"issue":"10","key":"9353_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-006-0264-5","volume":"36","author":"PA Jong de","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Jong PA, Long FR, Nakano Y (2006) Computed tomography dose and variability of airway dimension measurements: how low can we go? Pediatr Radiol 36(10):1043\u20131047","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"9353_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2005.857654","volume":"24","author":"J Tschirren","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tschirren J, Hoffman EA, McLennan G, Sonka M (2005) Intrathoracic airway trees: segmentation and airway morphology analysis from low-dose CT scans. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 24(12):1529\u20131539","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"9353_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-1247-8","volume":"19","author":"PY Brillet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brillet PY, Fetita CI, Capderou A, Mitrea M, Dreuil S, Simon JM, Preteux F, Grenier PA (2009) Variability of bronchial measurements obtained by sequential CT using two computer-based methods. Eur Radiol 19(5):1139\u20131147","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9353_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2006.06.006","volume":"61","author":"M Hashimoto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hashimoto M, Tate E, Watarai J, Sasaki M (2006) Air trapping on computed tomography images of healthy individuals: effects of respiration and body mass index. Clin Radiol 61(10):883\u2013887","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2273020352","volume":"227","author":"N Tanaka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tanaka N, Matsumoto T, Miura G, Emoto T, Matsunaga N, Ueda K, Lynch DA (2003) Air trapping at CT: high prevalence in asymptomatic subjects with normal pulmonary function. Radiology 227(3):776\u2013785","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.214.3.r00mr05831","volume":"214","author":"KW Lee","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lee KW, Chung SY, Yang I, Lee Y, Ko EY, Park MJ (2000) Correlation of aging and smoking with air trapping at thin-section CT of the lung in asymptomatic subjects. Radiology 214(3):831\u2013836","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9353_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-199804000-00009","volume":"13","author":"D Chen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chen D, Webb WR, Storto ML, Lee KN (1998) Assessment of air trapping using postexpiratory high-resolution computed tomography. J Thorac Imaging 13(2):135\u2013143","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.186.1.8416550","volume":"186","author":"WR Webb","year":"1993","unstructured":"Webb WR, Stern EJ, Kanth N, Gamsu G (1993) Dynamic pulmonary CT: findings in healthy adult men. Radiology 186(1):117\u2013124","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.218.3.r01mr08695","volume":"218","author":"I Mastora","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mastora I, Remy-Jardin M, Sobaszek A, Boulenguez C, Remy J, Edme JL (2001) Thin-section CT finding in 250 volunteers: assessment of the relationship of CT findings with smoking history and pulmonary function test results. Radiology 218(3):695\u2013702","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3109\/15412550903499522","volume":"7","author":"EA Regan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Regan EA, Hokanson JE, Murphy JR, Make B, Lynch DA, Beaty TH, Curran-Everett D, Silverman EK, Crapo JD (2010) Genetic epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) study design. COPD 7(1):32\u201343","journal-title":"COPD"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20215","volume":"40","author":"N Jain","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jain N, Covar RA, Gleason MC, Newell JD Jr, Gelfand EW, Spahn JD (2005) Quantitative computed tomography detects peripheral airway disease in asthmatic children. Pediatr Pulmonol 40(3):211\u2013218","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rct.0000243457.00437.10","volume":"31","author":"S Matsuoka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Matsuoka S, Kurihara Y, Yagihashi K, Nakajima Y (2007) Quantitative assessment of peripheral airway obstruction on paired expiratory\/inspiratory thin-section computed tomography in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with emphysema. J Comput Assist Tomogr 31(3):384\u2013389","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W276","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.0911","volume":"188","author":"DA Torigian","year":"2007","unstructured":"Torigian DA, Gefter WB, Affuso JD, Emami K, Dougherty L (2007) Application of an optical flow method to inspiratory and expiratory lung MDCT to assess regional air trapping: a feasibility study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 188(3):W276\u2013W280","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9353_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMicm030626","volume":"350","author":"H Kurosawa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kurosawa H, Kohzuki M (2004) Images in clinical medicine. Dynamic airway narrowing. N Engl J Med 350(10):1036","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9353_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sverzellati N, Rastelli A, Chetta A, Schembri V, Fasano L, Pacilli AM, Di SV, Bartalena T, De FM, Zompatori M (2009) Airway malacia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: prevalence, morphology and relationship with emphysema, bronchiectasis and bronchial wall thickening. Eur Radiol 19(7):1669\u20131678","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1306-9"},{"issue":"6","key":"9353_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-3054","volume":"134","author":"T Ohara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ohara T, Hirai T, Muro S, Haruna A, Terada K, Kinose D, Marumo S, Ogawa E, Hoshino Y, Niimi A, Chin K, Mishima M (2008) Relationship between pulmonary emphysema and osteoporosis assessed by CT in patients with COPD. Chest 134(6):1244\u20131249","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"7","key":"9353_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201004-0666OC","volume":"183","author":"J Bon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bon J, Fuhrman CR, Weissfeld JL, Duncan SR, Branch RA, Chang CC, Zhang Y, Leader JK, Gur D, Greenspan SL, Sciurba FC (2011) Radiographic emphysema predicts low bone mineral density in a tobacco-exposed cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 183(7):885\u2013890","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"9353_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.02.023","volume":"104","author":"AA Diaz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Diaz AA, Bartholmai B, San Jose ER, Ross J, Matsuoka S, Yamashiro T, Hatabu H, Reilly JJ, Silverman EK, Washko GR (2010) Relationship of emphysema and airway disease assessed by CT to exercise capacity in COPD. Respir Med 104(8):1145\u20131151","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"9353_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3109\/15412550903341513","volume":"6","author":"MK Han","year":"2009","unstructured":"Han MK, Bartholmai B, Liu LX, Murray S, Curtis JL, Sciurba FC, Kazerooni EA, Thompson B, Frederick M, Li D, Schwarz M, Limper A, Freeman C, Landreneau RJ, Wise R, Martinez FJ (2009) Clinical significance of radiologic characterizations in COPD. COPD 6(6):459\u2013467","journal-title":"COPD"},{"issue":"1","key":"9353_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11110173","volume":"261","author":"MK Han","year":"2011","unstructured":"Han MK, Kazerooni EA, Lynch DA, Liu LX, Murray S, Curtis JL, Criner GJ, Kim V, Bowler RP, Hanania NA, Anzueto AR, Make BJ, Hokanson JE, Crapo JD, Silverman EK, Martinez FJ, Washko GR (2011) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations in the COPDGene Study: associated radiologic phenotypes. Radiology 261(1):274\u2013282","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9353_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200907-1008OC","volume":"181","author":"TB Grydeland","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grydeland TB, Dirksen A, Coxson HO, Eagan TM, Thorsen E, Pillai SG, Sharma S, Eide GE, Gulsvik A, Bakke PS (2010) Quantitative computed tomography measures of emphysema and airway wall thickness are related to respiratory symptoms. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 181(4):353\u2013359","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"9353_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mets OM, Murphy K, Zanen P, Gietema HA, Lammers JW, van Ginneken B, Prokop M, de Jong PA (2011) The relationship between lung function impairment and quantitative computed tomography in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Radiol. doi: 10.1007\/s00330-011-2237-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2237-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2836","volume":"138","author":"A Haruna","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haruna A, Muro S, Nakano Y, Ohara T, Hoshino Y, Ogawa E, Hirai T, Niimi A, Nishimura K, Chin K, Mishima M (2010) CT scan findings of emphysema predict mortality in COPD. Chest 138(3):635\u2013640","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"9353_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.2.590","volume":"122","author":"K Cederlund","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cederlund K, Tylen U, Jorfeldt L, Aspelin P (2002) Classification of emphysema in candidates for lung volume reduction surgery: a new objective and surgically oriented model for describing CT severity and heterogeneity. Chest 122(2):590\u2013596","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"12","key":"9353_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.12.2012140","volume":"164","author":"Y Nakano","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nakano Y, Coxson HO, Bosan S, Rogers RM, Sciurba FC, Keenan RJ, Walley KR, Pare PD, Hogg JC (2001) Core to rind distribution of severe emphysema predicts outcome of lung volume reduction surgery. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164(12):2195\u20132199","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"9353_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.5.1337","volume":"119","author":"KR Flaherty","year":"2001","unstructured":"Flaherty KR, Kazerooni EA, Curtis JL, Iannettoni M, Lange L, Schork MA, Martinez FJ (2001) Short-term and long-term outcomes after bilateral lung volume reduction surgery: prediction by quantitative CT. Chest 119(5):1337\u20131346","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"12","key":"9353_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200510-1677OC","volume":"173","author":"FJ Martinez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Martinez FJ, Foster G, Curtis JL, Criner G, Weinmann G, Fishman A, DeCamp MM, Benditt J, Sciurba F, Make B, Mohsenifar Z, Diaz P, Hoffman E, Wise R (2006) Predictors of mortality in patients with emphysema and severe airflow obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173(12):1326\u20131334","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"9353_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.5.1240","volume":"118","author":"RM Rogers","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rogers RM, Coxson HO, Sciurba FC, Keenan RJ, Whittall KP, Hogg JC (2000) Preoperative severity of emphysema predictive of improvement after lung volume reduction surgery: use of CT morphometry. Chest 118(5):1240\u20131247","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"9353_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-136","volume":"11","author":"RA Stockley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stockley RA, Parr DG, Piitulainen E, Stolk J, Stoel BC, Dirksen A (2010) Therapeutic efficacy of alpha-1 antitrypsin augmentation therapy on the loss of lung tissue: an integrated analysis of 2 randomised clinical trials using computed tomography densitometry. Respir Res 11:136","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"9353_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-136","volume":"7","author":"DG Parr","year":"2006","unstructured":"Parr DG, White AJ, Bayley DL, Guest PJ, Stockley RA (2006) Inflammation in sputum relates to progression of disease in subjects with COPD: a prospective descriptive study. Respir Res 7:136","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"9353_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.5.9901055","volume":"160","author":"A Dirksen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dirksen A, Dijkman JH, Madsen F, Stoel B, Hutchison DC, Ulrik CS, Skovgaard LT, Kok-Jensen A, Rudolphus A, Seersholm N, Vrooman HA, Reiber JH, Hansen NC, Heckscher T, Viskum K, Stolk J (1999) A randomized clinical trial of alpha(1)-antitrypsin augmentation therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160(5 Pt 1):1468\u20131472","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10 Pt 1","key":"9353_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.10.2106036","volume":"164","author":"LJ Dowson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dowson LJ, Guest PJ, Stockley RA (2001) Longitudinal changes in physiological, radiological, and health status measurements in alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency and factors associated with decline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164(10 Pt 1):1805\u20131809","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"9353_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.12.1027","volume":"58","author":"J Stolk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stolk J, Ng WH, Bakker ME, Reiber JH, Rabe KF, Putter H, Stoel BC (2003) Correlation between annual change in health status and computer tomography derived lung density in subjects with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Thorax 58(12):1027\u20131030","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"9","key":"9353_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.04.016","volume":"101","author":"J Stolk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stolk J, Putter H, Bakker EM, Shaker SB, Parr DG, Piitulainen E, Russi EW, Grebski E, Dirksen A, Stockley RA, Reiber JH, Stoel BC (2007) Progression parameters for emphysema: a clinical investigation. Respir Med 101(9):1924\u20131930","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"9353_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.112433","volume":"64","author":"R Yuan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yuan R, Hogg JC, Pare PD, Sin DD, Wong JC, Nakano Y, McWilliams AM, Lam S, Coxson HO (2009) Prediction of the rate of decline in FEV(1) in smokers using quantitative computed tomography. Thorax 64(11):944\u2013949","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2008.01269.x","volume":"13","author":"T Ohara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ohara T, Hirai T, Sato S, Terada K, Kinose D, Haruna A, Marumo S, Nishioka M, Ogawa E, Nakano Y, Hoshino Y, Ito Y, Matsumoto H, Niimi A, Mio T, Chin K, Muro S, Mishima M (2008) Longitudinal study of airway dimensions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using computed tomography. Respirology 13(3):372\u2013378","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"11","key":"9353_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.072777","volume":"62","author":"H Makita","year":"2007","unstructured":"Makita H, Nasuhara Y, Nagai K, Ito Y, Hasegawa M, Betsuyaku T, Onodera Y, Hizawa N, Nishimura M (2007) Characterisation of phenotypes based on severity of emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 62(11):932\u2013937","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"5","key":"9353_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2194","volume":"131","author":"WD Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim WD, Ling SH, Coxson HO, English JC, Yee J, Levy RD, Pare PD, Hogg JC (2007) The association between small airway obstruction and emphysema phenotypes in COPD. Chest 131(5):1372\u20131378","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"9353_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00048703","volume":"21","author":"P Boschetto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boschetto P, Miniati M, Miotto D, Braccioni F, De RE, Bononi I, Papi A, Saetta M, Fabbri LM, Mapp CE (2003) Predominant emphysema phenotype in chronic obstructive pulmonary. Eur Respir J 21(3):450\u2013454","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"9353_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2342040013","volume":"234","author":"I Orlandi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Orlandi I, Moroni C, Camiciottoli G, Bartolucci M, Pistolesi M, Villari N, Mascalchi M (2005) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: thin-section CT measurement of airway wall thickness and lung attenuation. Radiology 234(2):604\u2013610","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"16","key":"9353_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7485","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913880107","volume":"107","author":"SK Alford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alford SK, van Beek EJ, McLennan G, Hoffman EA (2010) Heterogeneity of pulmonary perfusion as a mechanistic image-based phenotype in emphysema susceptible smokers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(16):7485\u20137490","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"9353_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1843CC","volume":"182","author":"MK Han","year":"2010","unstructured":"Han MK, Agusti A, Calverley PM, Celli BR, Criner G, Curtis JL, Fabbri LM, Goldin JG, Jones PW, MacNee W, Make BJ, Rabe KF, Rennard SI, Sciurba FC, Silverman EK, Vestbo J, Washko GR, Wouters EF, Martinez FJ (2010) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotypes: the future of COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 182(5):598\u2013604","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"9353_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2006.00930.x","volume":"11","author":"K Fujimoto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fujimoto K, Kitaguchi Y, Kubo K, Honda T (2006) Clinical analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotypes classified using high-resolution computed tomography. Respirology 11(6):731\u2013740","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"10","key":"9353_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.02.003","volume":"100","author":"Y Kitaguchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kitaguchi Y, Fujimoto K, Kubo K, Honda T (2006) Characteristics of COPD phenotypes classified according to the findings of HRCT. Respir Med 100(10):1742\u20131752","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"9353_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mets OM, Buckens CF, Zanen P, Isgum I, van GB, Prokop M, Gietema HA, Lammers JW, Vliegenthart R, Oudkerk M, van Klaveren RJ, de Koning HJ, Mali WP, de Jong PA (2011) Identification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in lung cancer screening computed tomographic scans. JAMA 306(16):1775\u20131781","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1531"},{"issue":"24","key":"9353_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13761","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2235592100","volume":"100","author":"DJ Brenner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brenner DJ, Doll R, Goodhead DT, Hall EJ, Land CE, Little JB, Lubin JH, Preston DL, Preston RJ, Puskin JS, Ron E, Sachs RK, Samet JM, Setlow RB, Zaider M (2003) Cancer risks attributable to low doses of ionizing radiation: assessing what we really know. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(24):13761\u201313766","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"}],"container-title":["Lung"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00408-011-9353-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T21:00:12Z","timestamp":1561064412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00408-011-9353-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,17]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["9353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00408-011-9353-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0341-2040","1432-1750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0341-2040","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,17]]}}}