{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:22:01Z","timestamp":1786980121013,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["KL2TR000131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR000131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lung"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-019-00285-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T06:03:49Z","timestamp":1572501829000},"page":"811-817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Development of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Positive Respiratory Cultures in Children with Tracheostomy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"197","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5269-7861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Russell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara D.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael N.","family":"Neely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"285_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24797","volume":"125","author":"H Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu H, Das P, Roberson DW, Jang J, Skinner ML, Paine M, Yuan J, Berry J (2015) Hospitalizations in children with preexisting tracheostomy: a national perspective. Laryngoscope 125(2):462\u2013468","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2","key":"285_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2017-0106","volume":"8","author":"CJ Russell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Russell CJ, Mamey MR, Koh JY, Schrager SM, Neely MN, Wu S (2018) Length of stay and hospital revisit after bacterial tracheostomy-associated respiratory tract infection hospitalizations. Hosp Pediatr 8(2):72\u201380.\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/hpeds.2017-0106","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"key":"285_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.10.019","volume":"103","author":"H Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu H, Mamey MR, Russell CJ (2017) Factors associated with 30-day all-cause hospital readmission after tracheotomy in pediatric patients. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 103:137\u2013141","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"285_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23938","volume":"53","author":"CJ Russell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Russell CJ, Thurm C, Hall M, Simon TD, Neely MN, Berry JG (2018) Risk factors for hospitalizations due to bacterial respiratory tract infections after tracheotomy. Pediatr Pulmonol 53:349\u2013357","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"9","key":"285_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.9.1061","volume":"285","author":"P Morar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morar P, Singh V, Makura Z, Jones A, Baines P, Selby A, Sarginson R, Hughes J, van Saene R (2002) Differing pathways of lower airway colonization and infection according to mode of ventilation (endotracheal vs tracheotomy). Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 128(9):1061\u20131066","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"285_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03518","volume":"61","author":"R McCaleb","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCaleb R, Warren RH, Willis D, Maples HD, Bai S, O\u2019Brien CE (2016) Description of respiratory microbiology of children with long-term tracheostomies. Respir Care 61(4):447\u2013452","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"285_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-016-9856-5","volume":"194","author":"CA Gerdung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gerdung CA, Tsang A, Yasseen AS 3rd, Armstrong K, McMillan HJ, Kovesi T (2016) Association between chronic aspiration and chronic airway infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacteria in children with cerebral palsy. Lung 194(2):307\u2013314","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"12","key":"285_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e588","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13523","volume":"105","author":"L Ashkenazi-Hoffnung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ashkenazi-Hoffnung L, Ari A, Bilavsky E, Scheuerman O, Amir J, Prais D (2016) Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified as a key pathogen in hospitalised children with aspiration pneumonia and a high aspiration risk. Acta Paediatr 105(12):e588\u2013e592","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"285_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.12.1015","volume":"57","author":"P Morar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morar P, Singh V, Makura Z, Jones AS, Baines PB, Selby A, Sarginson R, Hughes J, van Saene R (2002) Oropharyngeal carriage and lower airway colonisation\/infection in 45 tracheotomised children. Thorax 57(12):1015\u20131020","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"9","key":"285_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23716","volume":"52","author":"CJ Russell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Russell CJ, Simon TD, Mamey MR, Newth CJL, Neely MN (2017) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and post-tracheotomy bacterial respiratory tract infection readmissions. Pediatr Pulmonol 52(9):1212\u20131218","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"2","key":"285_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21525","volume":"47","author":"N Mayer-Hamblett","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mayer-Hamblett N, Kronmal RA, Gibson RL, Rosenfeld M, Retsch-Bogart G, Treggiari MM, Burns JL, Khan U, Ramsey BW (2012) Initial Pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment failure is associated with exacerbations in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 47(2):125\u2013134","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"1","key":"285_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23036","volume":"50","author":"ET Zemanick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zemanick ET, Emerson J, Thompson V, McNamara S, Morgan W, Gibson RL, Rosenfeld M (2015) Clinical outcomes after initial pseudomonas acquisition in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 50(1):42\u201348","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"2","key":"285_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3491","volume":"124","author":"JG Berry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berry JG, Graham DA, Graham RJ, Zhou J, Putney HL, O'Brien JE, Roberson DW, Goldmann DA (2009) Predictors of clinical outcomes and hospital resource use of children after tracheotomy. Pediatrics 124(2):563\u2013572","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"285_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.180836","volume":"95","author":"JG Berry","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berry JG, Graham RJ, Roberson DW, Rhein L, Graham DA, Zhou J, O'Brien J, Putney H, Goldmann DA (2010) Patient characteristics associated with in-hospital mortality in children following tracheotomy. Arch Dis Child 95(9):703\u2013710","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"285_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2017.10.008","volume":"17","author":"SL Heltshe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heltshe SL, Khan U, Beckett V, Baines A, Emerson J, Sanders DB, Gibson RL, Morgan W, Rosenfeld M (2017) Longitudinal development of initial, chronic and mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in young children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 17:341\u2013347","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"285_CR16","unstructured":"Pennington A, Dobies CG (2014) PHIS description when referenced as data source. https:\/\/bit.ly\/1tEESzM . Accessed 1 Aug 2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"285_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.5.523","volume":"129","author":"CW Lewis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lewis CW, Carron JD, Perkins JA, Sie KC, Feudtner C (2003) Tracheotomy in pediatric patients: a national perspective. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 129(5):523\u2013529","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"285_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2003-0056OC","volume":"30","author":"C Coraux","year":"2004","unstructured":"Coraux C, Kileztky C, Polette M, Hinnrasky J, Zahm JM, Devillier P, De Bentzmann S, Puchelle E (2004) Airway epithelial integrity is protected by a long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 30(5):605\u2013612","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"285_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.1.9001332","volume":"155","author":"RB Dowling","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dowling RB, Rayner CF, Rutman A, Jackson AD, Kanthakumar K, Dewar A, Taylor GW, Cole PJ, Johnson M, Wilson R (1997) Effect of salmeterol on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of respiratory mucosa. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155(1):327\u2013336","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"285_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14b21.x","volume":"14","author":"RB Dowling","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dowling RB, Johnson M, Cole PJ, Wilson R (1999) Effect of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the respiratory mucosa in vitro. Eur Respir J 14(2):363\u2013369","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"285_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.11010086","volume":"11","author":"RB Dowling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dowling RB, Johnson M, Cole PJ, Wilson R (1998) Effect of salmeterol on Haemophilus influenzae infection of respiratory mucosa in vitro. Eur Respir J 11(1):86\u201390","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"285_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-10-30","volume":"10","author":"CA Gross","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gross CA, Bowler RP, Green RM, Weinberger AR, Schnell C, Chu HW (2010) beta2-agonists promote host defense against bacterial infection in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. BMC Pulm Med 10:30","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"285_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-57","volume":"7","author":"NA Maris","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maris NA, Florquin S, C. van't Veer, A.F. de Vos, W. Buurman, H.M. Jansen, T. van der Poll, (2006) Inhalation of beta 2 agonists impairs the clearance of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae from the murine respiratory tract. Respir Res 7:57","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"285_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.5644\/ama2006-124.141","volume":"44","author":"V Bansal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bansal V, Mangi MA, Johnson MM, Festic E (2015) Inhaled corticosteroids and incident pneumonia in patients with asthma: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Med Acad 44(2):135\u2013158","journal-title":"Acta Med Acad"},{"issue":"3","key":"285_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2015.1081162","volume":"13","author":"E Festic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Festic E, Bansal V, Gupta E, Scanlon PD (2016) Association of inhaled corticosteroids with incident pneumonia and mortality in COPD patients; systematic review and meta-analysis. Copd 13(3):312\u2013326","journal-title":"Copd"},{"issue":"3","key":"285_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20163271","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3271","volume":"139","author":"C Cazeiro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cazeiro C, Silva C, Mayer S, Mariany V, Wainwright CE, Zhang L (2017) Inhaled corticosteroids and respiratory infections in children with asthma: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 139(3):e20163271","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"285_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e269","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001952","volume":"37","author":"M Perez-Losada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perez-Losada M, Graham RJ, Coquillette M, Jafarey A, Castro-Nallar E, Aira M, Hoptay C, Freishtat RJ, Mansbach JM (2018) Tracheal microbiota in patients with a tracheostomy before, during and after an acute respiratory infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 37(11):e269\u2013e271","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"8","key":"285_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0182520","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182520","volume":"12","author":"M Perez-Losada","year":"2017","unstructured":"Perez-Losada M, Graham RJ, Coquillette M, Jafarey A, Castro-Nallar E, Aira M, Freishtat RJ, Mansbach JM (2017) The temporal dynamics of the tracheal microbiome in tracheostomised patients with and without lower respiratory infections. PLoS ONE 12(8):e0182520","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"285_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2016-0104","volume":"7","author":"CJ Russell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Russell CJ, Mack WJ, Schrager SM, Wu S (2017) Care variations and outcomes for children hospitalized with bacterial tracheostomy-associated respiratory infections. Hosp Pediatr 7(1):16\u201323","journal-title":"Hosp Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"285_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.2.513","volume":"117","author":"P Morar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Morar P, Makura Z, Jones A, Baines P, Selby A, Hughes J, van Saene R (2000) Topical antibiotics on tracheostoma prevents exogenous colonization and infection of lower airways in children. Chest 117(2):513\u2013518","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["Lung"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00408-019-00285-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00408-019-00285-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00408-019-00285-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]],"date-time":"2022-10-02T22:56:06Z","timestamp":1664751366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00408-019-00285-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00408-019-00285-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0341-2040","1432-1750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0341-2040","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 May 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest:"}}]}}