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However, their occurrence following the treatment of pleural infection is still unknown. The aim of the study was to ascertain the early and long-term occurrence of thrombo-embolic events in patients treated for pleural infections.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study included all patients that were treated for pleural infections in Tampere University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2016. Data regarding later treatment episodes due to pulmonary embolisms and\/or deep vein thromboses as well as survival data were requested from national registries. The rates were also compared to a demographically matched reference population adjusted for age, sex, and the location of residence.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The final study population comprised 536 patients and 5318 controls (median age 60, 78% men). The most common etiology for pleural infection was pneumonia (73%) and 85% underwent surgical treatment for pleural infection. The occurrence of thrombo-embolic complications in patients and controls was 3.8% vs 0.1% at three months, 5.0% vs 0.4% at one year, 8.8% vs 1.0% at three years, and 12.4% vs 1.8% at five years, respectively, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 each. Female sex, advanced age, chronic lung disease, immunosuppression, video-assisted surgery, and non-pneumonic etiology were associated with a higher incidence of thrombo-embolism.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The occurrence of thrombo-embolic events\u2014particularly pulmonary embolism but also deep vein thrombosis\u2014was significant in patients treated for pleural infections, both initially and during long-term follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-020-00374-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T12:02:35Z","timestamp":1593518555000},"page":"671-678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["High Occurrence of Thrombo-Embolic Complications During Long-Term Follow-up After Pleural Infections\u2014A Single-Center Experience with 536 Consecutive Patients Over 17 Years"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"198","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1577-3028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henna Maria","family":"Ala-Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika Tapani","family":"Ukkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antti Ilmari","family":"Lehtom\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia Susanna","family":"Pohja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaakko Juhani","family":"Nieminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jari Olavi","family":"Laurikka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4956-3651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jahangir Ari","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"374_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496917738868","volume":"107","author":"JA Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khan JA, Lehtom\u00e4ki AI, Toikkanen VJ et al (2018) Long-term prognosis and causes of death after pleural infections. 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