{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:22:01Z","timestamp":1786980121076,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007154","name":"Wake Forest University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007154","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lung"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunotherapy is a leading approach for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by targeting the PD-1\/PD-L1 checkpoint signaling pathway, particularly in tumors expressing high levels of PD-L1 (Jug et al. in J Am Soc Cytopathol 9:485\u2013493, 2020; Perrotta et al. in Chest 158: 1230\u20131239, 2020). Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a minimally invasive method to obtain tissue for molecular studies, including PD-L1 analysis, in unresectable tumors (Genova et al. in Front Immunol 12: 799455, 2021; Wang et al. in Ann Oncol 29: 1417\u20131422, 2018). This study aimed to assess the adequacy of PD-L1 assessment in EBUS-TBNA cytology specimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data was collected retrospectively from patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA between 2017 and 2021 for suspected lung cancer biopsy. Samples positive for NSCLC were examined for PD-L1 expression. EBUS was performed by experienced practitioners, following institutional guidelines of a minimum of five aspirations from positively identified lesions. Sample adequacy for molecular testing was determined by the pathology department.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis involved 387 NSCLC cases (149 squamous cell, 191 adenocarcinoma, 47 unspecified). Of the 263 EBUS-TBNA specimens tested for PD-L1, 237 (90.1%) were deemed adequate. While 84% adhered to the protocol, adherence did not yield better results. Significantly higher PD-L1 adequacy was observed in squamous cell carcinomas (93.2%) compared to adenocarcinoma (87.6%). The number of aspirations and sedation type did not correlate with PD-L1 adequacy in either cancer type, but lesion size and location had a significant impact in adenocarcinomas. Adenocarcinoma exhibited higher PD-L1 expression (68%) compared to squamous cell carcinoma (48%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EBUS-TBNA offers high yields for assessing immunotherapy markers like PD-L1, with satisfactory adequacy regardless of NSCLC subtype, lesion size, or location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-024-00692-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T15:01:37Z","timestamp":1713452497000},"page":"325-330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Endobronchial Ultrasound Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration and PD-L1 Yields"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"202","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1615-8476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara M.","family":"Khoury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin N.","family":"Sheehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William I.","family":"Mariencheck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Gershner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Maslonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela G.","family":"Niehaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Isom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina R.","family":"Bellinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"692_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2020.04.003","volume":"9","author":"R Jug","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jug R, Giovacchini CX, Liu B et al (2020) EBUS-FNA cytologic-histologic correlation of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry in non-small cell lung cancer. 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