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This study explores the clinical significance of these biomarkers in bronchiectasis patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cross-sectional cohort study, bronchiectasis patients, excluding those with asthma or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, underwent clinical and radiological evaluations. Bronchoalveolar lavage samples were analyzed for cytokines and microbiology. Blood eosinophil count (BEC), serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured during stable disease states. Positive type 2 biomarkers were defined by established thresholds for BEC, total IgE, and FeNO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 130 patients, 15.3% demonstrated BEC\u2009\u2265\u2009300 cells\/\u03bcL, 26.1% showed elevated FeNO\u2009\u2265\u200925\u00a0ppb, and 36.9% had high serum total IgE\u2009\u2265\u200975 kU\/L. Approximately 60% had at least one positive type 2 biomarker. The impact on clinical characteristics and disease severity was variable, highlighting BEC and FeNO as reflective of different facets of disease severity and exacerbation risk. The combination of low BEC with high FeNO appeared to indicate a lower risk of exacerbation. However,\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization<\/jats:italic>\n                      and a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR\u2009\u2265\u20093.0) were identified as more significant predictors of exacerbation frequency, independent of type 2 biomarker presence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study underscores the distinct roles of type 2 biomarkers, highlighting BEC and FeNO, in bronchiectasis for assessing disease severity and predicting exacerbation risk. It advocates for a multi-biomarker strategy, incorporating these with microbiological and clinical assessments, for comprehensive patient management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-024-00707-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T08:02:09Z","timestamp":1718611329000},"page":"695-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Type 2 Biomarkers and Their Clinical Implications in Bronchiectasis: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"202","author":[{"given":"Yen-Fu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Han","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Zen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Yin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng-Ci","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Yien","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Chien","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong-Jen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"707_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700629","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00629-2017","volume":"50","author":"E Polverino","year":"2017","unstructured":"Polverino E, Goeminne PC, McDonnell MJ et al (2017) European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of adult bronchiectasis. 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