{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T03:21:56Z","timestamp":1781234516644,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency","award":["2019-E2808-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-E2808-00"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1C1C1009250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1C1C1009250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lung"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-024-00762-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T01:03:52Z","timestamp":1735866232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Colonization on Clinical Characteristics, Antibiotic Treatment, and Clinical Outcomes of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"Jae Kyeom","family":"Sim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Hoon","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Ha","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeongman","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youjin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Bum","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ae-Rin","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Kyeong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Young","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo Hyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Hyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heung Bum","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changhwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soohyun","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Il","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beomsu","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jee Youn","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Korean HAP\/VAP Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"762_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306801","volume":"370","author":"SS Magill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Magill SS, Edwards JR, Bamberg W, Beldavs ZG, Dumyati G, Kainer MA, Lynfield R, Maloney M, McAllister-Hollod L, Nadle J, Ray SM, Thompson DL, Wilson LE, Fridkin SK (2014) Multistate point-prevalence survey of health care-associated infections. N Engl J Med 370:1198\u20131208","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"762_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.239","volume":"42","author":"SC Munro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Munro SC, Baker D, Giuliano KK, Sullivan SC, Haber J, Jones BE, Crist MB, Nelson RE, Carey E, Lounsbury O, Lucatorto M, Miller R, Pauley B, Klompas M (2021) Nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia: A call to action. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 42:991\u2013996","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"762_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201102-0349OC","volume":"184","author":"DR Chung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chung DR, Song JH, Kim SH, Thamlikitkul V, Huang SG, Wang H, So TM, Yasin RM, Hsueh PR, Carlos CC, Hsu LY, Buntaran L, Lalitha MK, Kim MJ, Choi JY, Kim SI, Ko KS, Kang CI, Peck KR (2011) High prevalence of multidrug-resistant nonfermenters in hospital-acquired pneumonia in Asia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 184:1409\u20131417","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"762_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e251","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e251","volume":"36","author":"Y Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang Y, Jeon K, Lee SM, Cho YJ, Kim YS, Chong YP, Hong SB (2021) The distribution of multidrug-resistant microorganisms and treatment Status of hospital-acquired pneumonia\/ventilator-associated pneumonia in adult intensive care units: a prospective cohort observational Study. J Korean Med Sci 36:e251","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"762_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2021.0018","volume":"84","author":"RE Ko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ko RE, Min KH, Hong SB, Baek AR, Lee HK, Cho WH, Kim C, Chang Y, Lee SS, Oh JY, Lee HB, Bae S, Moon JY, Yoo KH, Jeon K (2021) Characteristics, management, and clinical outcomes of patients with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: a multicenter cohort study in Korea. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 84:317\u2013325","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"key":"762_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0388-z","volume":"7","author":"WP Tseng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tseng WP, Chen YC, Chen SY, Chen SY, Chang SC (2018) Risk for subsequent infection and mortality after hospitalization among patients with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria colonization or infection. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 7:93","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"762_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-023-01214-2","volume":"12","author":"APN Junior","year":"2023","unstructured":"Junior APN, Del Missier GM, Pra\u00e7a APA, Silva I, Caruso P (2023) In-hospital mortality and one-year survival of critically ill patients with cancer colonized or not with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria or vancomycin-resistant enterococci: an observational study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 12:8","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"762_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv423","volume":"71","author":"F Barbier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barbier F, Pommier C, Essaied W, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Schwebel C, Ruckly S, Dumenil AS, Lemiale V, Mourvillier B, Clec\u2019h C, Darmon M, Laurent V, Marcotte G, Lucet JC, Souweine B, Zahar JR, Timsit JF (2016) Colonization and infection with extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in ICU patients: what impact on outcomes and carbapenem exposure? J Antimicrob Chemother 71:1088\u20131097","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"762_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.5","volume":"40","author":"A Emmanuel Martinez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Emmanuel Martinez A, Widmer A, Frei R, Pargger H, Tuchscherer D, Marsch S, Egli A, Tschudin-Sutter S (2019) ESBL-colonization at ICU admission: impact on subsequent infection, carbapenem-consumption, and outcome. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 40:408\u2013413","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"762_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST","volume":"171","author":"American Thoracic Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America","year":"2005","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America (2005) Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171:388\u2013416","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"762_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050051","volume":"173","author":"K Rockwood","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, Bergman H, Hogan DB, McDowell I, Mitnitski A (2005) A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ 173:489\u2013495","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"762_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02008-0","volume":"21","author":"RE Ko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ko RE, Moon SM, Kang D, Cho J, Chung CR, Lee Y, Hong YS, Lee SH, Lee JH, Suh GY (2021) Translation and validation of the Korean version of the clinical frailty scale in older patients. BMC Geriatr 21:47","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"762_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1714562","volume":"380","author":"LA Mandell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mandell LA, Niederman MS (2019) Aspiration Pneumonia. N Engl J Med 380:651\u2013663","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"762_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","volume":"18","author":"AP Magiorakos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, Harbarth S, Hindler JF, Kahlmeter G, Olsson-Liljequist B, Paterson DL, Rice LB, Stelling J, Struelens MJ, Vatopoulos A, Weber JT, Monnet DL (2012) Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 18:268\u2013281","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"762_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2016.69.6.555","volume":"69","author":"DK Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee DK (2016) Alternatives to P value: confidence interval and effect size. Korean J Anesthesiol 69:555\u2013562","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"762_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2022.154068","volume":"71","author":"S Bredin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bredin S, Charpentier J, Mira JP, Gastli N, P\u00e8ne F, Llitjos JF (2022) Impact of colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria on the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in septic shock. J Crit Care 71:154068","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"762_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2675-0","volume":"38","author":"K Razazi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Razazi K, Derde LP, Verachten M, Legrand P, Lesprit P, Brun-Buisson C (2012) Clinical impact and risk factors for colonization with extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing bacteria in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 38:1769\u20131778","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"762_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.5.96-04076","volume":"156","author":"M Garrouste-Orgeas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Garrouste-Orgeas M, Chevret S, Arlet G, Marie O, Rouveau M, Popoff N, Schlemmer B (1997) Oropharyngeal or gastric colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in adult intensive care unit patients. A prospective study based on genomic DNA analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156:1647\u20131655","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"762_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700582","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00582-2017","volume":"50","author":"A Torres","year":"2017","unstructured":"Torres A, Niederman MS, Chastre J, Ewig S, Fernandez-Vandellos P, Hanberger H, Kollef M, Li Bassi G, Luna CM, Martin-Loeches I, Paiva JA, Read RC, Rigau D, Timsit JF, Welte T, Wunderink R (2017) International ERS\/ESICM\/ESCMID\/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia: Guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)\/ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) of the European respiratory society (ERS), European society of intensive care medicine (ESICM), European society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases (ESCMID) and asociaci\u00f3n latinoamericana del t\u00f3rax (ALAT). Eur Respir J 50:1700582","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"762_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw353","volume":"63","author":"AC Kalil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, Muscedere J, Sweeney DA, Palmer LB, Napolitano LM, O\u2019Grady NP, Bartlett JG, Carratal\u00e0 J, El Solh AA, Ewig S, Fey PD, File TM Jr, Restrepo MI, Roberts JA, Waterer GW, Cruse P, Knight SL, Brozek JL (2016) Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of America and the American thoracic society. Clin Infect Dis 63:e61\u2013e111","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"762_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1116","volume":"134","author":"KE Kollef","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kollef KE, Schramm GE, Wills AR, Reichley RM, Micek ST, Kollef MH (2008) Predictors of 30-day mortality and hospital costs in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia attributed to potentially antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Chest 134:281\u2013287","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"762_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad035","volume":"78","author":"N Spernovasilis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Spernovasilis N, Kritsotakis EI, Mathioudaki A, Vouidaski A, Spanias C, Petrodaskalaki M, Ioannou P, Chamilos G, Kofteridis DP (2023) A carbapenem-focused antimicrobial stewardship programme implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in a setting of high endemicity for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 78:1000\u20131008","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"762_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02448-7","volume":"40","author":"G Duclos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duclos G, Lakbar I, Boucekine M, Lolo G, Cassir N, Leone M (2023) Association between multidrug-resistant bacteria and mortality in critically Ill patients. Adv Ther 40:1736\u20131749","journal-title":"Adv Ther"}],"container-title":["Lung"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00408-024-00762-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00408-024-00762-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00408-024-00762-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T04:43:22Z","timestamp":1766378602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00408-024-00762-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["762"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00408-024-00762-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0341-2040","1432-1750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0341-2040","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1750","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of each participating hospital and Korea University Guro Hospital (2020GR0159). It was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"The need for written informed consent was waived as it was an observational study. We ensured patient privacy and anonymity during the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The need for written informed consent was waived by the IRB as it was an observational study. We ensured patient privacy and anonymity during the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}}],"article-number":"17"}}