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Population-based surveys of radon concentrations and smoking patterns were used. Observed radon levels were contrasted with 25\u00a0Bq\u00a0m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> representing a realistic minimum level of exposure. Lung cancer risk estimates for radon and smoking were derived from literature. Lastly, the uncertainty due to the estimation of exposure and risk was quantified using a computationally derived uncertainty interval. At least 3% and at most 8% of all lung cancers were estimated as being attributable to residential radon. For small cell carcinoma, the proportion of cases attributable to radon was 8\u201313%. Among smokers, the majority of the radon-related cases were attributable to the joint effect of radon and smoking. Reduction of radon exposure to 100\u00a0Bq\u00a0m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> action level would eliminate approximately 30% of radon-attributable cases. Estimates were low compared with the literature, given the (relatively high) radon levels in Finland. This was mainly due to the lower radon levels and higher smoking prevalence in flats than in houses and a more realistic point of comparison, factors which have been ignored in previous studies. The results can guide actions in radon protection and in prevention of lung cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-022-01004-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T04:30:44Z","timestamp":1667881844000},"page":"35-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Lung cancer incidence attributable to residential radon exposure in Finland"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3600-5842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olli","family":"Kurkela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Nevalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salla-Maaria","family":"P\u00e4tsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Kojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Holmgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anssi","family":"Auvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1004_CR1","volume-title":"Residential radon survey in Finland","author":"H Arvela","year":"1993","unstructured":"Arvela H, Castr\u00e9n O, M\u00e4kel\u00e4inen I (1993) Residential radon survey in Finland. 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