{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:34:56Z","timestamp":1777944896197,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiat Environ Biophys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-025-01190-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T04:52:15Z","timestamp":1770699135000},"page":"473-489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment planning parameters in intensity modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer and their dosimetric impact: a study using Monaco TPS"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Florentina Larisa","family":"Coc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loredana G.","family":"Marcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1190_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Banaei A, Hashemi B, Bakhshandeh M, Mofid B (2018) The Relationship between the Different Prostate Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Techniques and Patient\u2019s Anatomical Parameters. Iranian Congress of Medical Physics 15:18\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22038\/ijmp.2018.11863","DOI":"10.22038\/ijmp.2018.11863"},{"key":"1190_CR2","unstructured":"Brady LW, Combs SE, Lu JJ (2015) Target Volume Delineation for Conformal and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy. Springer Nature, pp 361\u2013375"},{"key":"1190_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Broderick M, Leech M, Coffey M (2009) Direct aperture optimization as a means of reducing the complexity of Intensity Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy plans. Radiat Oncol 4:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-717X-4-8","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-4-8"},{"key":"1190_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chiavassa S, Bessieres I, Edouard M, Mathot M, Moignier A (2019) Complexity metrics for IMRT and VMAT plans: A review of current literature and applications. Br J Radiol, vol 92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20190270","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20190270"},{"key":"1190_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cosset JM, Hetnal M, Chargari C (2018) Second cancers after radiotherapy: update and recommandations. Radioprotection 53:2101\u20132105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/radiopro\/2018015","DOI":"10.1051\/radiopro\/2018015"},{"key":"1190_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dobler B, Koelbl O, Bogner L, Pohl F (2009) Direct machine parameter optimization for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) of oropharyngeal cancer \u2013 A planning study. J Appl Clin Med Phys 10:4\u201115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1120\/jacmp.v10i4.3066","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v10i4.3066"},{"key":"1190_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dracham CB, Shankar A, Madan R (2018) Radiation induced secondary malignancies: a review article. Radiat Oncol 36(2):85\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3857\/roj.2018.00290","DOI":"10.3857\/roj.2018.00290"},{"key":"1190_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hoffman KE, Voong KR, Levy LB, Allen PK, Choi S, Schlembach PJ, Lee AK, McGuire SE, Nguyen Q, Pugh TJ, Frank SJ, Kudchadker RJ, Du W, Kuban DA (2018) Randomized Trial of Hypofractionated, Dose-Escalated, Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Versus Conventionally Fractionated IMRT for Localized Prostate Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 36:2943\u20132949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.2018.77.9868","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2018.77.9868"},{"key":"1190_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hong J, Han JH, Luo HL, Song YQ (2021) Optimization of Minimum Segment Width Parameter in the Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Plan for Esophageal Cancer. International Journal of General Medicine 14:9913\u20139921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ijgm.s336269","DOI":"10.2147\/ijgm.s336269"},{"key":"1190_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain N, Kumar A, Kumar A (2024) Investigating the Influence of Minimum Segment Width in Volumetric-modulated Arc Planning of Prostate Cancer. Turk J Oncol 39:84\u201391","DOI":"10.5505\/tjo.2023.4137"},{"key":"1190_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jassal K, Sarkar B, Ganesh T, Kaur H, Giri U, Mohanti B, Munshi (2016) A SU-F-T-343: Dosimetric Investigation for Fluence Smoothing On VMAT Plans inMonaco for Head - Neck Cancers. Medical Physics 43: 3542\u20133542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.4956528","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4956528"},{"key":"1190_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Puertas S, Rodr\u00edguez AG, Cordero SL, Gonz\u00e1lez Gonz\u00e1lez T, Chamarro JD, Hern\u00e1ndez M, Castro Moreno R, S\u00e1nchez Casi M, Villa Gazulla DC, Mart\u00ednez AG, Campos Bonel A, Puertas Vali\u00f1o M, Font G\u00f3mez JA (2024) Evaluation of the Minimum Segment Width and Fluence Smoothing Tools for Intensity\u2011modulated Techniques in Monaco Treatment Planning System. Journal of Medical Physics 49: 250\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jmp.jmp_156_23","DOI":"10.4103\/jmp.jmp_156_23"},{"key":"1190_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jones D, (1994) ICRU Report 50\u2014Prescribing, Recording and Reporting Photon Beam Therapy. Medical Physics 2:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.597396","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597396"},{"key":"1190_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kinhikar RA, Pawar AB, Mahantshetty U, Murthy V, Dheshpande DD, Shrivastava KS (2021) Rapid Arc, helical tomotherapy, sliding window intensity modulated radiotherapy and three dimensional conformal radiation for localized prostate cancer: A dosimetric comparison. J Cancer Res Ther 10: 575\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0973-1482.138200","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.138200"},{"key":"1190_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar D, Pradhan A, Singh LM (2021) A comparative study of the dosimetric impact on IMRT planning with VMAT plans using a varying number of arcs in prostate cancer Journal of Physics: Conference Series. https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2070\/1\/012011. Accessed 10 December 2025","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2070\/1\/012011"},{"key":"1190_CR16","unstructured":"Martinez AA, Krauss DJ (2009) Radiation therapy oncology group RTOG 0815, A phase III prospective randomized trial of dose-escalated radiotherapy with or without short-term androgen deprivation therapy for patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Radiation Oncology. https:\/\/irochouston.mdanderson.org\/rpc\/credentialing\/files\/0815.pdf"},{"key":"1190_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miften M, Olch A, Mihailidis D, Moran J, Pawlicki T, Molineu A (2018) Tolerance limits and methodologies for IMRT measurement-based verification QA: Recommendations of AAPM Task Group No. 218. Medical Physics 45(4):e53-e83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.12810","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12810"},{"key":"1190_CR18","unstructured":"Monaco Training Guide Elekta (2013) Document ID: LTGMON051102"},{"key":"1190_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moon YM, Bae SI, Han MJ, Jeon W, Yu T, Choi CW, Kim JY (2021) Correlation Between Average Segment Width and Gamma Passing Rate as a Function of MLC Position Error in Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy. Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 20:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15330338211059937","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338211059937"},{"key":"1190_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nithiyananthama K, Kadirampatti Manib G, Subramania V, Karukkupalayam Palaniappana K, Uthirana M, Vellengiri S, Rajua S, Supeb SS, Katariaa T (2014) Influence of segment width on plan quality for volumetric modulated arc based stereotactic body radiotherapy. Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy 19: 287\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rpor.2014.03.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2014.03.003"},{"key":"1190_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reddy BR, Varatharaj C, Ravikumar M, Ganesh KM (2018) Effect of fluence smoothening in intensity modulated radiotherapy planning and delivery. International Journal of Medical Research and Review 6: 293\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17511\/ijmrr.2018.i06.01","DOI":"10.17511\/ijmrr.2018.i06.01"},{"key":"1190_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ricco A, Mukhopadhyay N, Deng X, Holdford D, Skinner V, Saraiya S, Moghanaki D, Anscher MS, Changhofman MG (2020) Moderately Hypofractionated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy With Simultaneous Integrated Boost for Prostate Cancer: Five-Year Toxicity Results From a Prospective Phase I\/II Tria. Frontiers in Oncology, vol 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2020.01686","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01686"},{"key":"1190_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Samir F, Meaz TM, Hussiny FAE, Ahmed AA, Mahmoud AA, Refaat T, Gawish A, Abouegylah M (2023) Analytical dosimetric study of intensity\u2011modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric\u2011modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for prostate cancer. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 149:6239\u20136246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00432-023-04586-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-023-04586-5"},{"key":"1190_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saroj DK, Yadav S, Paliwal N (2022) Does Fluence Smoothing Reduce the Complexity of the Intensity\u2011Modulated Radiation Therapy Treatment Plan? A Dosimetric Analysis. Journal of Medical Physics 47(4):336\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jmp.jmp_81_22","DOI":"10.4103\/jmp.jmp_81_22"},{"key":"1190_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Takahashi Y, Koizumi M, Sumida I, Ogata T, Akino Y, Yoshioka Y, Konishi K, Isohashi F, Ota S, Inoue T (2010) What is the Optimum Minimum Segment Size Used in Step andShoot IMRT for Prostate Cancer? Journal of Radiation Research 51:543\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1269\/jrr.10018","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.10018"},{"key":"1190_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tan X, Luo H, Jin F, Wang Y (2024) An Investigation on the Relationships of Target Irregularities, Plan Complexities and Patient-Specific Quality Assurance Pre-and during Treatment 120(2):e192-e193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2024.07.430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2024.07.430"},{"key":"1190_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Treutwein M, Loeschel R, Hipp M, Koelbl O, Dobler B (2020) Secondary malignancy risk for patients with localized prostate cancer after intensity-modulated radiotherapy with and without flattening filter. Radiation Oncology Physics 21:97\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.13088","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13088"},{"key":"1190_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wall H, Fontenot JD (2019) Evaluation of complexity and deliverability of prostate cancer treatment plans designed with a knowledge-based VMAT planning technique. Radiation Oncology Physics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.12790","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12790"},{"key":"1190_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang Y, Chen L, Zhu F, W Guo W, Zhang D, Sun W (2018) A study of minimum segment width parameter on VMAT plan quality, delivery accuracy, and efficiency for cervical cancer using Monaco TPS. J Appl Clin Med Phys 19:609\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.12422","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12422"},{"key":"1190_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yoosuf ABM, Ahmad MB, AlShehri S, Alhadab A, Alqatham M (2021) Investigation of optimum minimum segment width on VMAT plan quality and deliverability: A comprehensive dosimetric and clinical evaluation using DVH analysis. J Appl Clin Med Phys 22:29\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.13417","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13417"},{"key":"1190_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou P, Duan A, Geng M, Liu Y, Li J, Luo J, He X (2022) The effect of minimum segment width of collimator on VMAT plan quality for rectal cancer using Monaco TPS. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1632761\/v1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1632761\/v1"}],"container-title":["Radiation and Environmental Biophysics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00411-025-01190-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00411-025-01190-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00411-025-01190-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:30:12Z","timestamp":1777710612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00411-025-01190-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00411-025-01190-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-634X","1432-2099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-634X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"N\/A. The Institutional Review Board of the County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Oradea, assessed the current study and concluded that no approval is required as it did not enrol patients for the said study. This work analysed the data of patients that have been treated as per the normal medical protocol without any change induced by this study. Please see the declaration letter attached.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}]}}