{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T01:20:31Z","timestamp":1783128031655,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,10]],"date-time":"2010-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1286668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Legal Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-010-0517-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,13]],"date-time":"2010-10-13T08:35:30Z","timestamp":1286958930000},"page":"479-485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Two-gun suicide by simultaneous shots to the head: interdisciplinary reconstruction on the basis of scene investigation, autopsy findings, GSR analysis and examination of firearms, bullets and cartridge cases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Gro\u00dfe Perdekamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Nadjem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Merkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Braunwarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Pollak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Thierauf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"517_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(95)01793-3","volume":"76","author":"P Betz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Betz P, Peschel O, Stiefel D, Eisenmenger W (1995) Frequency of blood spatters on the shooting hand and of conjuctival petechiae following suicidal gunshot wounds to the head. Forensic Sci Int 76:47\u201353","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"517_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e318148bdca","volume":"28","author":"R Blumenthal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blumenthal R (2007) Suicidal gunshot wounds to the head: a retrospective review of 406 cases. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 28:288\u2013291","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"517_CR3","first-page":"138","volume":"213","author":"M Bohnert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bohnert M, Pollak S (2004) Complex suicides\u2014a review of the literature. Arch Kriminol 213:138\u2013153","journal-title":"Arch Kriminol"},{"key":"517_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(99)00011-0","volume":"101","author":"P Boxho","year":"1999","unstructured":"Boxho P (1999) Fourteen shots for a suicide. Forensic Sci Int 101:71\u201377","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"517_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12425J","volume":"32","author":"SD Cohle","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cohle SD, Pickelman J, Connolly JT, Bauserman SC (1987) Suicide by air rifle and shotgun. J Forensic Sci 32:1113\u20131117","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"517_CR6","volume-title":"Gunshot wounds. Practical aspects of firearms, ballistics, and forensic techniques","author":"VJM Maio Di","year":"1999","unstructured":"Di Maio VJM (1999) Gunshot wounds. Practical aspects of firearms, ballistics, and forensic techniques, 2nd edn. CRC, Boca Raton, pp 327\u2013345, 355\u2013377","edition":"2"},{"key":"517_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11306J","volume":"25","author":"A Fatteh","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fatteh A, Gore SB, Mann GT, Garvin K (1980) Suicide by two guns: a unique case. J Forensic Sci 25:883\u2013885","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"517_CR8","unstructured":"Gabriel E (1932) \u00dcber das Vorkommen mehrfacher Schussverletzungen bei Selbstmord. Med Thesis, University of Munich, p 7"},{"key":"517_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199903000-00001","volume":"20","author":"JC Garavaglia","year":"1999","unstructured":"Garavaglia JC, Talkinton B (1999) Weapon location following suicidal gunshot wounds. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 20:1\u20135","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"517_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"A Gentilomo","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gentilomo A, Bogoni A (1991) Duplice colpo d\u2019arma da fuoco al capo. Arch Med Leg Assoc 13:1\u20136","journal-title":"Arch Med Leg Assoc"},{"key":"517_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-009-9120-x","volume":"6","author":"M Gro\u00dfe Perdekamp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gro\u00dfe Perdekamp M, Pollak S, Thierauf A (2010) Medicolegal evaluation of suicidal deaths exemplified by the situation in Germany. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 6:58\u201370","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"517_CR12","first-page":"558","volume":"16","author":"W Hepner","year":"1962","unstructured":"Hepner W, Maurer H (1962) Selbstmord einer Frau mittels zweier Pistolen mit beinahe gegenl\u00e4ufiger Gescho\u00dfdeformation. Kriminalistik 16:558\u2013563","journal-title":"Kriminalistik"},{"key":"517_CR13","first-page":"489","volume-title":"Lehrbuch der gerichtlichen Medizin, vol. 1","author":"Ev Hofmann","year":"1919","unstructured":"Hofmann Ev, Haberda A (1919) Lehrbuch der gerichtlichen Medizin, vol. 1, 10th edn. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin Wien, pp 489\u2013490","edition":"10"},{"key":"517_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198109000-00009","volume":"2","author":"P Hudson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hudson P (1981) Multishot firearm suicide: examination of 58 cases. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2:239\u2013242","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"517_CR15","first-page":"6","volume":"27","author":"P Hudson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hudson P (1982) Suicide with two guns fired simultaneously. J Forensic Sci 27:6\u20137","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"517_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050065","volume":"110","author":"B Karger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Karger B, Brinkmann B (1997) Multiple gunshot suicides: potential for physical activity and medico-legal aspects. Int J Legal Med 110:188\u2013192","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"517_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200209000-00001","volume":"23","author":"B Karger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Karger B, N\u00fcsse R, Bajanowski T (2002) Backspatter on the firearm and hand in experimental close-range gunshots to the head. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 23:211\u2013213","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"517_CR18","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Jahrbuch der Staatsarzneikunde","author":"N Klein","year":"1819","unstructured":"Klein N (1819) Beitr\u00e4ge zur Beurtheilung der Brustverletzungen in gerichtlich-medizinischer Hinsicht. In: Kopp JH (ed) Jahrbuch der Staatsarzneikunde, vol 11. Hermann Publ, Frankfurt, pp 123\u2013133"},{"key":"517_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79009-9","volume-title":"Wundballistik\u2014Grundlagen und Anwendungen","author":"BP Kneubuehl","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kneubuehl BP, Coupland RM, Rothschild MA, Thali M (2008) Wundballistik\u2014Grundlagen und Anwendungen, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 267\u2013271, 296\u2013299","edition":"3"},{"key":"517_CR20","first-page":"22","volume":"7","author":"G Lucchini","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lucchini G (1985) Su di un caso di suicidio mediante due colpi d\u2019arma da fuoco al capo, esplosi da armi diverse. Arch Med Leg Assoc 7:22\u201328","journal-title":"Arch Med Leg Assoc"},{"key":"517_CR21","first-page":"1268","volume":"7","author":"Q Lunetta","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lunetta Q, Chiarelli G (1985) Suicidio per esplosione contemporanea di due colpi d\u2019arma da fuoco (con armi diverse) alle regioni temporali. Riv Ital Med Leg 7:1268\u20131272","journal-title":"Riv Ital Med Leg"},{"key":"517_CR22","first-page":"109","volume":"4","author":"F Lunghi","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lunghi F (1982) Un caso eccezionale di suicidio con due armi da fuoco. Quad Med Leg 4:109\u2013117","journal-title":"Quad Med Leg"},{"key":"517_CR23","first-page":"409","volume":"56","author":"A Marchiori","year":"1983","unstructured":"Marchiori A (1983) Eccezionale caso di suicidio mediante il contemporaneo uso di due pistole. Zacchia 56:409\u2013414","journal-title":"Zacchia"},{"key":"517_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2005.05.024","volume":"158","author":"SA Padosch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Padosch SA, Dettmeyer RB, Schyma CW, Schmidt PH, Madea B (2006) Two simultaneous suicidal gunshots to the head with robbed police guns. Forensic Sci Int 158:224\u2013228","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"517_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200212000-00005","volume":"23","author":"E Parroni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Parroni E, Caringi C, Ciallella C (2002) Suicide with two guns represents a special type of combined suicide. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 23:329\u2013333","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"517_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-010-0663-7","volume":"20","author":"O Peschel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peschel O, Rothschild MA, M\u00fctzel E (2010) Bloodstains from gunshot injuries. Rechtsmedizin 20:91\u201397","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"issue":"20\u201330","key":"517_CR27","first-page":"68","volume":"161","author":"S Pollak","year":"1978","unstructured":"Pollak S (1978) Statistics and phenomenology of combined suicides and other suicidal multiple injuries in an urban area. With two case reports. Arch Kriminol 161:20\u201330, 68\u201381","journal-title":"Arch Kriminol"},{"key":"517_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.05.014","volume":"165","author":"S Pollak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pollak S (2006) Medical criminalistics. Forensic Sci Int 165:144\u2013149","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"517_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198912000-00013","volume":"10","author":"DR Rogers","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rogers DR (1989) Simultaneous temporal and frontal suicidal gunshots. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 10:338\u2013339","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"517_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01768913","volume":"36","author":"G Rommeney","year":"1942","unstructured":"Rommeney G (1942) Mehrere Schu\u00dfverletzungen bei einem Selbstm\u00f6rder und Kombination mit Erh\u00e4ngen. Dtsch Z Ges Gerichtl Med 36:232\u2013244","journal-title":"Dtsch Z Ges Gerichtl Med"},{"key":"517_CR31","unstructured":"Schaefer N (1900) Ueber den Tod durch Erschiessen vom gerichts\u00e4rztlichen Standpunkt. Vierteljahrsschr Gerichtl Med 3. F 19 (suppl):63\u2013125"},{"key":"517_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-009-0650-z","volume":"20","author":"C Schyma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schyma C, Madea B (2010) Collection of gunshot residues\u2014practical handling of gunshot traces and residues. Rechtsmedizin 20:123\u2013136","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"517_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199212000-00001","volume":"13","author":"CI Stone","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stone CI (1992) Characteristics of firearms and gunshot wounds as markers of suicide. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 13:275\u2013280","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"517_CR34","first-page":"280","volume-title":"La folie lucide \u00e9tudi\u00e9e au point de vue de la famille et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9","author":"U Tr\u00e9lat","year":"1861","unstructured":"Tr\u00e9lat U (1861) La folie lucide \u00e9tudi\u00e9e au point de vue de la famille et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Delahaye Publ, Paris, pp 280\u2013283"},{"key":"517_CR35","first-page":"539","volume-title":"Atlas der gerichtlichen Medizin","author":"W Weimann","year":"1963","unstructured":"Weimann W, Prokop O (1963) Atlas der gerichtlichen Medizin. Volk und Gesundheit, Berlin, p 539"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-010-0517-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00414-010-0517-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-010-0517-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T14:56:43Z","timestamp":1559055403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00414-010-0517-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-010-0517-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-9827","1437-1596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-9827","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,10]]}}}