{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T04:01:20Z","timestamp":1793246480642,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]],"date-time":"2015-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Legal Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-015-1285-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]],"date-time":"2015-10-30T10:14:20Z","timestamp":1446200060000},"page":"213-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Forensic age diagnostics using projection radiography of the clavicle: a prospective multi-center validation study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Wittschieber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ottow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"P\u00fcschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bajanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Ramsthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Vieth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schmeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1285_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-008-0254-2","volume":"122","author":"A Schmeling","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schmeling A, Grundmann C, Fuhrmann A, Kaatsch HJ, Knell B, Ramsthaler F, Reisinger W, Riepert T, Ritz-Timme S, R\u00f6sing FW, R\u00f6tzscher K, Geserick G (2008) Criteria for age estimation in living individuals. Int J Legal Med 122(6):457\u2013460. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-008-0254-2","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1285_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-013-0845-4","volume":"127","author":"S Schmidt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schmidt S, Nitz I, Ribbecke S, Schulz R, Pfeiffer H, Schmeling A (2013) Skeletal age determination of the hand: a comparison of methods. Int J Legal Med 127(3):691\u2013698. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-013-0845-4","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1285_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-010-0541-6","volume":"125","author":"M Tis\u00e8","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tis\u00e8 M, Mazzarini L, Fabrizzi G, Ferrante L, Giorgetti R, Tagliabracci A (2011) Applicability of Greulich and Pyle method for age assessment in forensic practice on an Italian sample. Int J Legal Med 125(3):411\u2013416. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-010-0541-6","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1285_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-014-1028-7","volume":"129","author":"D Zabet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zabet D, R\u00e9rolle C, Pucheux J, Telmon N, Saint-Martin P (2015) Can the Greulich and Pyle method be used on French contemporary individuals? Int J Legal Med 129(1):171\u2013177. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-014-1028-7","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1285_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00263-9","volume":"136","author":"K Gunst","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gunst K, Mesotten K, Carbonez A, Willems G (2003) Third molar root development in relation to chronological age: a large sample sized retrospective study. Forensic Sci Int 136(1\u20133):52\u201357. doi:\n10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00263-9","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"1285_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-010-0706-0","volume":"20","author":"B Knell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Knell B, Schmeling A (2010) Einfluss der Retention auf die Weisheitszahnmineralisation. Rechtsmedizin 20(6):469\u2013474. doi:\n10.1007\/s00194-010-0706-0","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"issue":"2","key":"1285_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-012-0763-x","volume":"127","author":"D Wittschieber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wittschieber D, Vieth V, Domnick C, Pfeiffer H, Schmeling A (2013) The iliac crest in forensic age diagnostics: evaluation of the apophyseal ossification in conventional radiography. Int J Legal Med 127(2):473\u2013479. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-012-0763-x","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1285_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-012-9379-1","volume":"9","author":"D Wittschieber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wittschieber D, Schmeling A, Schmidt S, Heindel W, Pfeiffer H, Vieth V (2013) The Risser sign for forensic age estimation in living individuals: a study of 643 pelvic radiographs. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 9(1):36\u201343. doi:\n10.1007\/s12024-012-9379-1","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1285_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-013-0832-9","volume":"127","author":"D Wittschieber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wittschieber D, Vieth V, Wierer T, Pfeiffer H, Schmeling A (2013) Cameriere\u2019s approach modified for pelvic radiographs: a novel method to assess apophyseal iliac crest ossification for the purpose of forensic age diagnostics. Int J Legal Med 127(4):825\u2013829. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-013-0832-9","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1285_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-003-0404-5","volume":"118","author":"A Schmeling","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schmeling A, Schulz R, Reisinger W, M\u00fchler M, Wernecke KD, Geserick G (2004) Studies on the time frame for ossification of the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilage in conventional radiography. Int J Legal Med 118(1):5\u20138. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-003-0404-5","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1285_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-007-0210-6","volume":"122","author":"R Schulz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schulz R, M\u00fchler M, Reisinger W, Schmidt S, Schmeling A (2008) Radiographic staging of ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis. Int J Legal Med 122(1):55\u201358. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-007-0210-6","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1285_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01626.x","volume":"56","author":"PM Garamendi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Garamendi PM, Landa MI, Botella MC, Alem\u00e1n I (2011) Forensic age estimation on digital X-ray images: medial epiphyses of the clavicle and first rib ossification in relation to chronological age. J Forensic Sci 56(Suppl 1):S3\u2013S12. doi:\n10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01626.x","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1285_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-012-0769-4","volume":"126","author":"R Cameriere","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cameriere R, De Luca S, De Angelis D, Merelli V, Giuliodori A, Cingolani M, Cattaneo C, Ferrante L (2012) Reliability of Schmeling\u2019s stages of ossification of medial clavicular epiphyses and its validity to assess 18\u00a0years of age in living subjects. Int J Legal Med 126(6):923\u2013932. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-012-0769-4","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1285_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022013000200021","volume":"31","author":"AA Brown","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brown AA, Derkyi-Kwarteng L, Amonoo-Kuofi HS (2013) Study on the time frame for ossification of the medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilage by X-ray in Ghanaian students. Int J Morphol 31(2):491\u2013496. doi:\n10.4067\/S0717-95022013000200021","journal-title":"Int J Morphol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1285_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-014-1067-0","volume":"129","author":"D Wittschieber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wittschieber D, Ottow C, Vieth V, K\u00fcppers M, Schulz R, Hassu J, Bajanowski T, P\u00fcschel K, Ramsthaler F, Pfeiffer H, Schmidt S, Schmeling A (2015) Projection radiography of the clavicle: still recommendable for forensic age diagnostics in living individuals? Int J Legal Med 129(1):187\u2013193. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-014-1067-0","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1285_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1015463","volume":"166","author":"KF Kreitner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kreitner KF, Schweden F, Schild HH, Riepert T, Nafe B (1997) Die computertomographisch bestimmte Ausreifung der medialen Klavikulaepiphyse\u2014eine additive Methode zur Altersbestimmung im Adoleszentenalter und in der dritten Lebensdekade? Rofo 166(6):481\u2013486. doi:\n10.1055\/s-2007-1015463","journal-title":"Rofo"},{"issue":"7","key":"1285_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050518","volume":"8","author":"KF Kreitner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kreitner KF, Schweden FJ, Riepert T, Nafe B, Thelen M (1998) Bone age determination based on the study of the medial extremity of the clavicle. Eur Radiol 8(7):1116\u20131122. doi:\n10.1007\/s003300050518","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1285_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-005-0529-9","volume":"119","author":"R Schulz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schulz R, M\u00fchler M, Mutze S, Schmidt S, Reisinger W, Schmeling A (2005) Studies on the time frame for ossification of the medial epiphysis of the clavicle as revealed by CT scans. Int J Legal Med 119(3):142\u2013145. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-005-0529-9","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1285_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-005-0010-9","volume":"120","author":"M M\u00fchler","year":"2006","unstructured":"M\u00fchler M, Schulz R, Schmidt S, Schmeling A, Reisinger W (2006) The influence of slice thickness on assessment of clavicle ossification in forensic age diagnostics. Int J Legal Med 120(1):15\u201317. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-005-0010-9","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1285_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-009-0398-8","volume":"124","author":"M Kellinghaus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kellinghaus M, Schulz R, Vieth V, Schmidt S, Schmeling A (2010) Forensic age estimation in living subjects based on the ossification status of the medial clavicular epiphysis as revealed by thin-slice multidetector computed tomography. Int J Legal Med 124(2):149\u2013154. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-009-0398-8","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1285_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-010-0448-2","volume":"124","author":"M Kellinghaus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kellinghaus M, Schulz R, Vieth V, Schmidt S, Pfeiffer H, Schmeling A (2010) Enhanced possibilities to make statements on the ossification status of the medial clavicular epiphysis using an amplified staging scheme in evaluating thin-slice CT scans. Int J Legal Med 124(4):321\u2013325. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-010-0448-2","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1285_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-010-9200-y","volume":"7","author":"RB Bassed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bassed RB, Drummer OH, Briggs C, Valenzuela A (2011) Age estimation and the medial clavicular epiphysis: analysis of the age of majority in an Australian population using computed tomography. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 7(2):148\u2013154. doi:\n10.1007\/s12024-010-9200-y","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1285_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-013-0932-6","volume":"128","author":"D Wittschieber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wittschieber D, Schulz R, Vieth V, K\u00fcppers M, Bajanowski T, Ramsthaler F, P\u00fcschel K, Pfeiffer H, Schmidt S, Schmeling A (2014) Influence of the examiner\u2019s qualification and sources of error during stage determination of the medial clavicular epiphysis by means of computed tomography. Int J Legal Med 128(1):183\u2013191. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-013-0932-6","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1285_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-013-9511-x","volume":"10","author":"D Wittschieber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wittschieber D, Schulz R, Vieth V, K\u00fcppers M, Bajanowski T, Ramsthaler F, P\u00fcschel K, Pfeiffer H, Schmidt S, Schmeling A (2014) The value of sub-stages and thin slices for the assessment of the medial clavicular epiphysis: a prospective multi-center CT study. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 10(2):163\u2013169. doi:\n10.1007\/s12024-013-9511-x","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1285_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-014-0990-1","volume":"24","author":"D Wittschieber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wittschieber D, Schmidt S, Vieth V, Schulz R, P\u00fcschel K, Pfeiffer H, Schmeling A (2014) Subclassification of clavicular substage 3a is useful for diagnosing the age of 17\u00a0years. Rechtsmedizin 24(6):485\u2013488. doi:\n10.1007\/s00194-014-0990-1","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"issue":"5","key":"1285_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-014-1026-9","volume":"128","author":"P Milenkovic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Milenkovic P, Djuric M, Milovanovic P, Djukic K, Zivkovic V, Nikolic S (2014) The role of CT analyses of the sternal end of the clavicle and the first costal cartilage in age estimation. Int J Legal Med 128(5):825\u2013839. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-014-1026-9","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"1285_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hua W, Guang-you Z, Lei W, Chong-liang Y, Ya-hui W (2014) Correlation between age and the parameters of medial epiphysis and metaphysis of the clavicle using CT volume rendering images. Forensic Sci Int 244:316.e1-7. doi: \n10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.09.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.09.006"},{"key":"1285_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pattamapaspong N, Madla C, Mekjaidee K, Namwongprom S (2015) Age estimation of a Thai population based on maturation of the medial clavicular epiphysis using computed tomography. Forensic Sci Int 246:123.e1-5. doi: \n10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.10.044"},{"issue":"1","key":"1285_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-014-1121-y","volume":"129","author":"O Ekizoglu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ekizoglu O, Hocaoglu E, Inci E, Sayin I, Solmaz D, Bilgili MG, Can IO (2015) Forensic age estimation by the Schmeling method: computed tomography analysis of the medial clavicular epiphysis. Int J Legal Med 129(1):203\u2013210. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-014-1121-y","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1285_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-014-1116-8","volume":"129","author":"D Franklin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Franklin D, Flavel A (2015) CT evaluation of timing for ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis in a contemporary Western Australian population. Int J Legal Med 129(3):583\u2013594. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-014-1116-8","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1285_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-004-0243-9","volume":"14","author":"U Lockemann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lockemann U, Fuhrmann A, P\u00fcschel K, Schmeling A, Geserick G (2006) Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr Forensische Altersdiagnostik der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Rechtsmedizin\u2014Empfehlungen f\u00fcr die Altersdiagnostik bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen au\u00dferhalb des Strafverfahrens. Rechtsmedizin 14(2):123\u2013125. doi:\n10.1007\/s00194-004-0243-9","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"issue":"6","key":"1285_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-014-0989-7","volume":"24","author":"A Schmeling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmeling A, Schmidt S, Schulz R, Wittschieber D, Rudolf E (2014) Studienlage zum zeitlichen Verlauf der Schl\u00fcsselbeinossifikation. Rechtsmedizin 24(6):467\u2013474. doi:\n10.1007\/s00194-014-0989-7","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"1285_CR33","unstructured":"Jit I, Kulkarni M (1976) Times of appearance and fusion of epiphysis at the medial end of the clavicle. Indian J Med Res 64(5):773\u2013782. doi: unknown"},{"issue":"5","key":"1285_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s004149900102","volume":"113","author":"A Schmeling","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schmeling A, Reisinger W, Loreck D, Vendura K, Markus W, Geserick G (2000) Effects of ethnicity on skeletal maturation: consequences for forensic age estimations. Int J Legal Med 113(5):253\u2013258. doi:\n10.1007\/s004149900102","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1285_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-007-0189-z","volume":"121","author":"L Meijerman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meijerman L, Maat GJ, Schulz R, Schmeling A (2007) Variables affecting the probability of complete fusion of the medial clavicular epiphysis. Int J Legal Med 121(6):463\u2013468. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-007-0189-z","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1285_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-007-0160-z","volume":"121","author":"S Schmidt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schmidt S, M\u00fchler M, Schmeling A, Reisinger W, Schulz R (2007) Magnetic resonance imaging of the clavicular ossification. Int J Legal Med 121(4):321\u2013324. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-007-0160-z","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1285_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-1978-1","volume":"21","author":"E Hillewig","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hillewig E, De Tobel J, Cuche O, Vandemaele P, Piette M, Verstraete K (2011) Magnetic resonance imaging of the medial extremity of the clavicle in forensic bone age determination: a new four-minute approach. Eur Radiol 21(4):757\u2013767. doi:\n10.1007\/s00330-010-1978-1","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1285_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-012-0798-z","volume":"127","author":"E Hillewig","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hillewig E, Degroote J, Van der Paelt T, Visscher A, Vandemaele P, Lutin B, D\u2019Hooghe L, Vandriessche V, Piette M, Verstraete K (2013) Magnetic resonance imaging of the sternal extremity of the clavicle in forensic age estimation: towards more sound age estimates. Int J Legal Med 127(3):677\u2013689. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-012-0798-z","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1285_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-010-0709-x","volume":"20","author":"V Vieth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vieth V, Kellinghaus M, Schulz R, Pfeiffer H, Schmeling A (2010) Beurteilung des Ossifikationsstadiums der medialen Klaviculaepiphysenfuge. Vergleich von Projektionsradiographie, Computertomographie und Magnetresonanztomographie. Rechtsmedizin 20(6):483\u2013488. doi:\n10.1007\/s00194-010-0709-x","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"1285_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.05.008","volume":"241","author":"V Vieth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vieth V, Schulz R, Brinkmeier P, Dvorak J, Schmeling A (2014) Age estimation in U-20 football players using 3.0 tesla MRI of the clavicle. Forensic Sci Int 241:118\u2013122. doi:\n10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.05.008","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"1285_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jofri.2013.05.008","volume":"1","author":"S Tangmose","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tangmose S, Jensen KE, Lynnerup N (2013) Comparative study on developmental stages of the clavicle by postmortem MRI and CT imaging. J Forensic Radiol Imaging 1(3):102\u2013106. doi:\n10.1016\/j.jofri.2013.05.008","journal-title":"J Forensic Radiol Imaging"},{"key":"1285_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.10.027","volume":"234","author":"S Tangmose","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tangmose S, Jensen KE, Villa C, Lynnerup N (2014) Forensic age estimation from the clavicle using 1.0\u00a0T MRI\u2014preliminary results. Forensic Sci Int 234:7\u201312. doi:\n10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.10.027","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"1285_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-013-9440-8","volume":"9","author":"R Schulz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schulz R, Schiborr M, Pfeiffer H, Schmidt S, Schmeling A (2013) Sonographic assessment of the ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis in 616 individuals. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 9(3):351\u2013357. doi:\n10.1007\/s12024-013-9440-8","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1285_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-013-0871-2","volume":"127","author":"S Schmidt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schmidt S, Schiborr M, Pfeiffer H, Schmeling A, Schulz R (2013) Age dependence of epiphyseal ossification of the distal radius in ultrasound diagnostics. Int J Legal Med 127(4):831\u2013838. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-013-0871-2","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1285_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033431","volume":"41","author":"J Dvorak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dvorak J, George J, Junge A, Hodler J (2007) Application of MRI of the wrist for age determination in international U-17 soccer competitions. Br J Sports Med 41(8):497\u2013500. doi:\n10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033431","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1285_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.031021","volume":"41","author":"J Dvorak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dvorak J, George J, Junge A, Hodler J (2007) Age determination by magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist in adolescent male football players. Br J Sports Med 41(1):45\u201352. doi:\n10.1136\/bjsm.2006.031021","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1285_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.17159\/2078-516X\/2013\/v25i3a359","volume":"25","author":"BD Sarkodie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sarkodie BD, Ofori EK, Pambo P (2013) MRI to determine the chronological age of Ghanaian footballers. S Afr J Sports Med 25(3):74\u201376. doi:\n10.7196\/SAJSM.487","journal-title":"S Afr J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1285_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24286","volume":"39","author":"E Tomei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tomei E, Sartori A, Nissman D, Al Ansari N, Battisti S, Rubini A, Stagnitti A, Martino M, Marini M, Barbato E, Semelka RC (2014) Value of MRI of the hand and the wrist in evaluation of bone age: preliminary results. J Magn Reson Imaging 39(5):1198\u20131205. doi:\n10.1002\/jmri.24286","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"1285_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2014.12.003","volume":"55","author":"S Schmidt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schmidt S, Vieth V, Timme M, Dvorak J, Schmeling A (2015) Examination of ossification of the distal radial epiphysis using magnetic resonance imaging. New insights for age estimation in young footballers in FIFA tournaments. Sci Justice 55(2):139\u2013144. doi:\n10.1016\/j.scijus.2014.12.003","journal-title":"Sci Justice"},{"issue":"4","key":"1285_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2013.05.004","volume":"53","author":"S Schmidt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schmidt S, Schiborr M, Pfeiffer H, Schmeling A, Schulz R (2013) Sonographic examination of the apophysis of the iliac crest for forensic age estimation in living persons. Sci Justice 53(4):395\u2013401. doi:\n10.1016\/j.scijus.2013.05.004","journal-title":"Sci Justice"},{"issue":"2","key":"1285_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-014-9548-5","volume":"10","author":"D Wittschieber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wittschieber D, Vieth V, Timme M, Dvorak J, Schmeling A (2014) Magnetic resonance imaging of the iliac crest: age estimation in under-20 soccer players. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 10(2):198\u2013202. doi:\n10.1007\/s12024-014-9548-5","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"1285_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dedouit F, Auriol J, Rousseau H, Roug\u00e9 D, Crub\u00e9zy E, Telmon N (2012) Age assessment by magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: a preliminary study. Forensic Sci Int 217(1\u20133):232.e1-7. doi: \n10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.013"},{"issue":"6","key":"1285_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-010-0705-1","volume":"20","author":"E Jopp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jopp E, Schr\u00f6der I, Maas R, Adam G, P\u00fcschel K (2010) Proximale Tibiaepiphyse im Magnetresonanztomogramm. Neue M\u00f6glichkeit zur Altersbestimmung bei Lebenden? Rechtsmedizin 20(6):464\u2013468. doi:\n10.1007\/s00194-010-0705-1","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"issue":"3","key":"1285_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-014-9559-2","volume":"10","author":"JA Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4mer JA, Schmidt S, J\u00fcrgens KU, Lentschig M, Schmeling A, Vieth V (2014) The use of magnetic resonance imaging to examine ossification of the proximal tibial epiphysis for forensic age estimation in living individuals. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 10(3):306\u2013313. doi:\n10.1007\/s12024-014-9559-2","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1285_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-014-0967-3","volume":"128","author":"JA Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4mer JA, Schmidt S, J\u00fcrgens KU, Lentschig M, Schmeling A, Vieth V (2014) Forensic age estimation in living individuals using 3.0\u00a0T MRI of the distal femur. Int J Legal Med 128(3):509\u2013514. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-014-0967-3","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1285_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-013-0844-5","volume":"127","author":"P Saint-Martin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saint-Martin P, R\u00e9rolle C, Dedouit F, Bouilleau L, Rousseau H, Roug\u00e9 D, Telmon N (2013) Age estimation by magnetic resonance imaging of the distal tibial epiphysis and the calcaneum. Int J Legal Med 127(5):1023\u20131030. doi:\n10.1007\/s00414-013-0844-5","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1285_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-014-0991-0","volume":"25","author":"C Ottow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ottow C, Kr\u00e4mer JA, Olze A, Schmidt S, Schulz R, Wittschieber D, Heindel W, Pfeiffer H, Ribbecke S, Vieth V, Schmeling A (2015) Magnetresonanztomographiestudie zur Alterssch\u00e4tzung von unbegleiteten minderj\u00e4hrigen Fl\u00fcchtlingen. Rechtsmedizin 25(1):12\u201320. doi:\n10.1007\/s00194-014-0991-0","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-015-1285-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00414-015-1285-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-015-1285-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-015-1285-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T04:59:04Z","timestamp":1585803544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00414-015-1285-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-015-1285-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-9827","1437-1596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-9827","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 August 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}