{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T21:12:05Z","timestamp":1793481125118,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]],"date-time":"2017-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487289600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Legal Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-017-1555-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]],"date-time":"2017-02-17T02:26:28Z","timestamp":1487298388000},"page":"1675-1690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Elliptical Fourier analysis: fundamentals, applications, and value for forensic anthropology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6914-6313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jodi","family":"Caple","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Byrd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl N.","family":"Stephan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1555_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-664X(82)90034-X","volume":"18","author":"F Kuhl","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kuhl F, Giardina C (1982) Elliptic Fourier features of a closed contour. Comput Graphics Image Process 18:236\u2013258. doi: 10.1016\/0146-664X(82)90034-X","journal-title":"Comput Graphics Image Process"},{"key":"1555_CR2","volume-title":"Joseph Fourier: the man and the physicist","author":"J Herivel","year":"1975","unstructured":"Herivel J (1975) Joseph Fourier: the man and the physicist. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"1555_CR3","unstructured":"Cosgriff RL (1966) Identification of shape. Report No. 820\u201311 of the Ohio State University Research Foundation. ASTIA Identification AD 254 792"},{"issue":"2","key":"1555_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14682J","volume":"45","author":"H Tanaka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tanaka H, Lestrel P, Uetake T, Susumu K, Ohtsuki F (2000) Sex differences in proximal humeral outline shape: elliptical Fourier functions. J Forensic Sci 45(2):292\u2013302. doi: 10.1520\/JFS14682J","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1555_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1502-3931.1995.tb01611.x","volume":"28","author":"J Crampton","year":"1995","unstructured":"Crampton J (1995) Elliptic Fourier shape analysis of fossil bivalves: some practical considerations. Lethaia 28(2):179\u2013186. doi: 10.1111\/j.1502-3931.1995.tb01611.x","journal-title":"Lethaia"},{"key":"1555_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.1310010204","volume":"1","author":"P Lestrel","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lestrel P (1989) Method for analyzing complex two-dimensional forms: elliptical Fourier functions. Am J Human Biol 1:149\u2013164. doi: 10.1002\/ajhb.1310010204","journal-title":"Am J Human Biol"},{"key":"1555_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511529870","volume-title":"Fourier descriptors and their applications in biology","author":"P Lestrel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lestrel P (1997) Fourier descriptors and their applications in biology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; New York"},{"key":"1555_CR8","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Fundamentals of craniofacial growth","author":"P Lestrel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lestrel P (1997) Morphometrics of craniofacial form. In: Dixon D, Hoyte DAN, Ronning O (eds) Fundamentals of craniofacial growth. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 155\u2013187"},{"key":"1555_CR9","volume-title":"Feature extraction and image processing","author":"M Nixon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nixon M, Aguado A (2008) Feature extraction and image processing, 2nd edn. Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford","edition":"2"},{"key":"1555_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203165171.ch6","volume-title":"Morphology, shape and phylogeny","author":"DL Swiderski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Swiderski DL, Zelditch ML, Fink WL (2002) Comparability, morphometrics and phylogenetic systematics. In: MacLeod N, Forey PL (eds) Morphology, shape and phylogeny. Systematics Association Special Volumes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 67\u201399"},{"key":"1555_CR11","volume-title":"Who is Fourier? A mathematical adventure (trans: Gleason a)","author":"Transnational College of Lex","year":"2012","unstructured":"Transnational College of Lex (2012) Who is Fourier? A mathematical adventure (trans: Gleason a), 2nd edn. Language Research Foundation, Cambridge, MA","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1","key":"1555_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2004145","volume":"50","author":"AM Christensen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Christensen AM (2005) Testing the reliability of frontal sinuses in positive identification. J Forensic Sci 50(1):18\u201322. doi: 10.1520\/JFS2004145","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1555_CR13","first-page":"3","volume":"8","author":"L Kullman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kullman L, Eklund B, Grundin R (1990) The value of the frontal sinus in identification of unknown persons. J Forensic Odontostomatol 8(1):3\u201310","journal-title":"J Forensic Odontostomatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1555_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1907.25220300012001d","volume":"48","author":"M Cryer","year":"1907","unstructured":"Cryer M (1907) Some variations in the frontal sinuses. JAMA 48(4):284\u2013289. doi: 10.1001\/jama.1907.25220300012001d","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1555_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.06.007","volume":"222","author":"J McDowell","year":"2012","unstructured":"McDowell J, L\u2019Abb\u00e9 E, Kenyhercz M (2012) Nasal aperture shape evaluation between black and white South Africans. Forensic Sci Int 222(1\u20133):397 . doi: 10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.06.007 e391-396","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1555_CR16","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Biological affinity in forensic identification of human skeletal remains: beyond black and white","author":"J Hefner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hefner J (2014) Cranial morphoscopic traits and the assessment of American black, American white, and Hispanic ancestry. In: Berg GE, Ta\u2019ala SC (eds) Biological affinity in forensic identification of human skeletal remains: beyond black and white. Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, pp 27\u201342"},{"issue":"2","key":"1555_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(02)80021-8","volume":"184","author":"M Schmittbuhl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schmittbuhl M, Le Minor J, Schaaf A, Mangin P (2002) The human mandible in lateral view: elliptical Fourier descriptors of the outline and their morphological analysis. Ann Anat 184(2):199\u2013207. doi: 10.1016\/S0940-9602(02)80021-8","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1555_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01635.x","volume":"56","author":"K Spradley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Spradley K, Jantz R (2011) Sex estimation in forensic anthropology: skull versus postcranial elements. J Forensic Sci 56(2):289\u2013296. doi: 10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01635.x","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1555_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00120-0","volume":"98","author":"M Steyn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Steyn M, \u0130\u015fcan MY (1998) Sexual dimorphism in the crania and mandibles of south African whites. Forensic Sci Int 98(1\u20132):9\u201316. doi: 10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00120-0","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"1555_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330220212","volume":"22","author":"E Giles","year":"1964","unstructured":"Giles E (1964) Sex determination by discriminant function analysis of the mandible. Am J Phys Anthropol 22(2):129\u2013135. doi: 10.1002\/ajpa.1330220212","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1555_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00177.x","volume":"51","author":"B Williams","year":"2006","unstructured":"Williams B, Rogers T (2006) Evaluating the accuracy and precision of cranial morphological traits for sex determination. J Forensic Sci 51(4):729\u2013735. doi: 10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00177.x","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"1555_CR22","unstructured":"Stephan C, Emanovsky P, Tyrrell A (2009) The use of clavicle boundary outlines to identify skeletal remains of US personnel recovered from past conflicts: results of initial tests. Paper presented at the Biological Shape Analysis: proceedings of the 1st international symposium, Tsukuba, Japan, 3\u20136 June 2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"1555_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01673.x","volume":"56","author":"C Stephan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stephan C, Winburn A, Christensen A, Tyrrell A (2011) Skeletal identification by radiographic comparison: blind tests of a morphoscopic method using antemortem chest radiographs. J Forensic Sci 56(2):320\u2013332. doi: 10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2010.01673.x","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"1555_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330700103","volume":"70","author":"J Dittrick","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dittrick J, Suchey J (1986) Sex determination of prehistoric central California skeletal remains using discriminant analysis of the femur and humerus. Am J Phys Anthropol 70:3\u20139. doi: 10.1002\/ajpa.1330700103","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1555_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22373","volume":"152","author":"J Velem\u00ednsk\u00e1","year":"2013","unstructured":"Velem\u00ednsk\u00e1 J, Kraj\u00ed\u010dek V, Dupej J, Gom\u00e9z-Vald\u00e9s J (2013) Technical note: geometric morphometrics and sexual dimorphism of the greater sciatic notch in adults from two skeletal collections: the accuracy and reliability of sex classification. Am J Phys Anthropol 152(4):558\u2013565. doi: 10.1002\/ajpa.22373","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1555_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86.e81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2008.04.022","volume":"179","author":"M Steyn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Steyn M, \u0130\u015fcan MY (2008) Metric sex determination from the pelvis in modern Greeks. Forensic Sci Int 179(1):86.e81\u201386.e86. doi: 10.1016\/j.forsciint.2008.04.022","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"1555_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.09.074","volume":"147","author":"ML Patriquin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Patriquin ML, Steyn M, Loth SR (2005) Metric analysis of sex differences in south African black and white pelves. Forensic Sci Int 147(2\u20133):119\u2013127. doi: 10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.09.074","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"1555_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10422","volume":"127","author":"P Walker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Walker P (2005) Greater sciatic notch morphology: sex, age, and population differences. Am J Phys Anthropol 127(4):385\u2013391. doi: 10.1002\/ajpa.10422","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1555_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/1353-1131(95)90091-8","volume":"39","author":"T Rogers","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rogers T, Saunders S (1994) Accuracy of sex determination using morphological traits of the human pelvis. J Forensic Sci 39(4):1047\u20131056. doi: 10.1016\/1353-1131(95)90091-8","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1555_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1078\/0018-442X-00049","volume":"53","author":"ML Patriquin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Patriquin ML, Loth SR, Steyn M (2003) Sexually dimorphic pelvic morphology in south African whites and blacks. Homo 53(3):255\u2013262. doi: 10.1078\/0018-442X-00049","journal-title":"Homo"},{"issue":"1","key":"1555_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12898","volume":"61","author":"E Niespodziewanski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niespodziewanski E, Stephan CN, Guyomarc\u2019h P, Fenton TW (2016) Human identification via lateral patella radiographs: a validation study. J Forensic Sci 61(1):134\u2013140. doi: 10.1111\/1556-4029.12898","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1555_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330100407","volume":"10","author":"M Trotter","year":"1952","unstructured":"Trotter M, Gleser G (1952) Estimation of stature from long bones of American whites and negroes. Am J Phys Anthropol 10(4):463\u2013514. doi: 10.1002\/ajpa.1330100407","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"1555_CR33","volume-title":"Strengthening forensic science in the United States: a path forward","author":"National Research Council","year":"2009","unstructured":"National Research Council (2009) Strengthening forensic science in the United States: a path forward. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C"},{"issue":"1","key":"1555_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1537\/ase.00069","volume":"112","author":"P Lestrel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lestrel P, Cesar R Jr, Takahashi O, Kanazawa E (2004) A Fourier-wavelet representation of 2-D shapes: sexual dimorphism in the Japanese cranial base. Anthropol Sci 112(1):3\u201328. doi: 10.1537\/ase.00069","journal-title":"Anthropol Sci"},{"key":"1555_CR35","volume-title":"Lehrbuch der anthropologie in systematischer darstellung: mit besonderer ber\u00fccksichtigung der anthropologischen methoden f\u00fcr studierende \u00e4rtze und forschungsreisende","author":"R Martin","year":"1928","unstructured":"Martin R (1928) Lehrbuch der anthropologie in systematischer darstellung: mit besonderer ber\u00fccksichtigung der anthropologischen methoden f\u00fcr studierende \u00e4rtze und forschungsreisende. Gustav Fischer, Jena"},{"key":"1555_CR36","volume-title":"FORDISC 3.1: personal computer forensic discriminant functions","author":"R Jantz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jantz R, Ousley S (2005) FORDISC 3.1: personal computer forensic discriminant functions. The University of Tennessee, Knoxville"},{"issue":"1","key":"1555_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291478","volume":"40","author":"J Gower","year":"1975","unstructured":"Gower J (1975) Generalized Procrustes analysis. Psychometrika 40(1):33\u201351. doi: 10.1007\/BF02291478","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"1","key":"1555_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.2307\/2992207","volume":"39","author":"F Rohlf","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rohlf F, Slice D (1990) Extensions of the Procrustes method for the optimal superimposition of landmarks. Systematic Zool 39(1):40\u201359. doi: 10.2307\/2992207","journal-title":"Systematic Zool"},{"key":"1555_CR39","volume-title":"Morphometric tools for landmark data: geometry and biology","author":"FL Bookstein","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bookstein FL (1991) Morphometric tools for landmark data: geometry and biology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"issue":"4","key":"1555_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330850405","volume":"85","author":"S Lele","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lele S (1991) Some comments on coordinate-free and scale-invariant methods in morphometrics. Am J Phys Anthropol 85(4):407\u2013417. doi: 10.1002\/ajpa.1330850405","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1555_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(97)85012-8","volume":"1","author":"F Bookstein","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bookstein F (1997) Landmark methods for forms without landmarks: morphometrics of group differences in outline shape. Med Image Anal 1(3):225\u2013243. doi: 10.1016\/S1361-8415(97)85012-8","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"1555_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611970104","volume-title":"Ten lectures on wavelets","author":"I Daubechies","year":"1992","unstructured":"Daubechies I (1992) Ten lectures on wavelets, vol 61. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA"},{"issue":"8","key":"1555_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00899747","volume":"18","author":"F Rohlf","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rohlf F (1986) Relationships among eigenshape analysis, Fourier analysis, and analysis of coordinates. Math Geol 18(8):845\u2013854. doi: 10.1007\/BF00899747","journal-title":"Math Geol"},{"key":"1555_CR44","unstructured":"R Core Team (2013) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http:\/\/www.R-project.org ."},{"issue":"3","key":"1555_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.2307\/2413076","volume":"33","author":"F Rohlf","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rohlf F, Archie J (1984) A comparison of Fourier methods for the description of wing shape in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Systematic Zool 33(3):302\u2013317. doi: 10.2307\/2413076","journal-title":"Systematic Zool"},{"issue":"3","key":"1555_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1972.5008949","volume":"C-21","author":"C Zahn","year":"1972","unstructured":"Zahn C, Roskies R (1972) Fourier descriptors for plane closed curves. IEEE Trans Comput C-21(3):269\u2013281","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput"},{"key":"1555_CR47","unstructured":"Zhang DS, Lu G (2002) A comparative study of Fourier descriptors for shape representation and retrieval. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV02), Melbourne, Australia, January 22\u201325. pp 646\u2013651"},{"key":"1555_CR48","unstructured":"Gore T, Nawrocki S, Langdon J, Bouzar N The use of elliptical Fourier analysis on orbit shape in human skeletal remains. Paper presented at the Biological Shape Analysis: proceedings of the 1st international symposium, Tsukuba, Japan, 3\u20136 June, 2009"},{"key":"1555_CR49","volume-title":"Morphometrics with R","author":"J Claude","year":"2008","unstructured":"Claude J (2008) Morphometrics with R. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY"},{"key":"1555_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b12092","volume-title":"Measuring shape","author":"F Neal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Neal F, Russ J (2012) Measuring shape. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL"},{"issue":"3","key":"1555_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20209","volume":"128","author":"P Lestrel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lestrel P, Cesar R, Takahashi O, Kanazawa E (2005) Sexual dimorphism in the Japanese cranial base: a Fourier-wavelet representation. Am J Phys Anthropol 128(3):608\u2013622. doi: 10.1002\/ajpa.20209","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"1555_CR52","volume-title":"Cranial variation in man: a study by multivariate analysis of patterns of difference among recent human populations","author":"WW Howells","year":"1973","unstructured":"Howells WW (1973) Cranial variation in man: a study by multivariate analysis of patterns of difference among recent human populations. Harvard University Press, Cambridge"},{"issue":"3","key":"1555_CR53","first-page":"593","volume":"187","author":"V Ferrario","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ferrario V, Sforza C, Schmitz J, Miani A, Taroni G (1995) Fourier analysis of human soft tissue facial shape: sex differences in normal adults. J Anat 187(3):593\u2013602","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"3","key":"1555_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1537\/ase.100630","volume":"119","author":"P Lestrel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lestrel P, Kanazawa E, Wolfe C (2011) Sexual dimorphism using elliptical Fourier analysis: shape differences in the craniofacial complex. Anthropol Sci 119(3):213\u2013229. doi: 10.1537\/ase.100630","journal-title":"Anthropol Sci"},{"key":"1555_CR55","volume-title":"Essentials of forensic anthropology, especially as developed in the United States","author":"T Stewart","year":"1979","unstructured":"Stewart T (1979) Essentials of forensic anthropology, especially as developed in the United States. Charles C, Thomas, Springfield, IL"},{"issue":"1","key":"1555_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10286","volume":"122","author":"M Frie\u00df","year":"2003","unstructured":"Frie\u00df M, Baylac M (2003) Exploring artificial cranial deformation using elliptical Fourier analysis of Procrustes aligned outlines. Am J Phys Anthropol 122(1):11\u201322","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1555_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22428","volume":"153","author":"J Corny","year":"2014","unstructured":"Corny J, Detroit F (2014) Technical note: anatomic identification of isolated modern human molars: testing Procrustes aligned outlines as a standardization procedure for elliptic Fourier analysis. Am J Phys Anthropol 153(2):314\u2013322. doi: 10.1002\/ajpa.22428","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"79","key":"1555_CR58","first-page":"29","volume":"101","author":"N MacLeod","year":"2012","unstructured":"MacLeod N (2012) The center cannot hold II: elliptical Fourier analysis. PalaeoMath 101(79):29\u201342","journal-title":"PalaeoMath"},{"issue":"6","key":"1555_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/15.6.481","volume":"15","author":"P Lestrel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lestrel P, Kerr W (1993) Quantification of function regulator therapy using elliptical Fourier functions. Eur J Orthod 15(6):481\u2013491. doi: 10.1093\/ejo\/15.6.481","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"1555_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/22.3.205","volume":"22","author":"S Chen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chen S, Lestrel P, Kerr W, McColl J (2000) Describing shape changes in the human mandible using elliptical Fourier functions. Eur J Orthod 22:205\u2013216. doi: 10.1093\/ejo\/22.3.205","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"1555_CR61","first-page":"218","volume":"14","author":"C Sheridan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sheridan C, Thomas C, Clement J (1997) Quantification of ethnic differences in facial profile. Aust Orthod J 14(4):218\u2013224","journal-title":"Aust Orthod J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1555_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21330","volume":"143","author":"ZM Thayer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thayer ZM, Dobson SD (2010) Sexual dimorphism in chin shape: implications for adaptive hypotheses. Am J Phys Anthropol 143(3):417\u2013425. doi: 10.1002\/ajpa.21330","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1555_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10173","volume":"121","author":"A Rose","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rose A, Woods M, Clement J, Thomas C (2003) Lateral facial soft-tissue prediction model: analysis using Fourier shape descriptors and traditional cephalometric methods. Am J Phys Anthropol 121(2):172\u2013180. doi: 10.1002\/ajpa.10173","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1555_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20116","volume":"127","author":"A Christensen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Christensen A (2004) Assessing the variation in individual frontal sinus outlines. Am J Phys Anthropol 127(3):291\u2013295. doi: 10.1002\/ajpa.20116","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1555_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12346","volume":"59","author":"A Maxwell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maxwell A, Ross A (2014) A radiographic study on the utility of cranial vault outlines for positive identifications. J Forensic Sci 59(2):314\u2013318. doi: 10.1111\/1556-4029.12346","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"1555_CR66","unstructured":"Lestrel P, Cesar Jr R, Wolfe C, Ohtsuki F Computational shape analysis: based on a Fourier-wavelet representation of the fossil human cranial vault. Paper presented at the Biological Shape Analysis: proceedings of the 1st international symposium, Tsukuba, Japan, 3\u20136 June, 2009"},{"key":"1555_CR67","unstructured":"Urbanov\u00e1 P Variation of the orbital rim using elliptical fourier analysis. Paper presented at the Biological Shape Analysis: proceedings of the 1st international symposium, Tsukuba, Japan, 3\u20136 June, 2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"1555_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12324","volume":"59","author":"C Stephan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stephan C, Amidan B, Trease H, Guyomarc\u2019h P, Pulsipher T, Byrd J (2014) Morphometric comparison of clavicle outlines from 3D bone scans and 2D chest radiographs: a shortlisting tool to assist radiographic identification of human skeletons. J Forensic Sci 59(2):306\u2013313. doi: 10.1111\/1556-4029.12324","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"1555_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Alonzo S, Guyomarc\u2019h P, Byrd J, Stephan CN (2017) A large-sample test of a semi-automated clavicle search engine to assist skeletal identification by radiograph comparison. J Forensic Sci In Press","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13221"},{"key":"1555_CR70","unstructured":"Paolello J, Cabo-Perez L (2008) Elliptical Fourier analysis of vertebral outlines for victim identification. In: AAFS (ed) Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 60th annual scientific meeting, Washington, DC, 2008. p 367"},{"key":"1555_CR71","unstructured":"Isaev M (1995) EFAV. Morphometrics at SUNY Stony Brook, http:\/\/life.bio.sunysb.edu\/morph\/"},{"key":"1555_CR72","unstructured":"Rohlf F (1993) EFA. Morphometrics at SUNY Stony Brook, http:\/\/life.bio.sunysb.edu\/morph\/"},{"key":"1555_CR73","unstructured":"Rohlf F (1997) tpsDig. Morphometrics at SUNY Stony Brook, http:\/\/life.bio.sunysb.edu\/morph\/"},{"issue":"5","key":"1555_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/93.5.384","volume":"93","author":"H Iwata","year":"2002","unstructured":"Iwata H, Ukai Y (2002) SHAPE: a computer program package for quantitative evaluation of biological shapes based on elliptic Fourier descriptors. J Hered 93(5):384\u2013385. doi: 10.1093\/jhered\/93.5.384","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"issue":"13","key":"1555_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v056.i13","volume":"56","author":"V Bonhomme","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bonhomme V, Picq S, Gaucherel C, Claude J (2014) Momocs: outline analysis using R. J Stat Softw 56(13):1\u201324","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"3","key":"1555_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/jav.00801","volume":"47","author":"RN Felice","year":"2016","unstructured":"Felice RN, O\u2019Connor PM (2016) The evolution of sexually dimorphic tail feathers is not associated with tail skeleton dimorphism. J Avian Biol 47(3):371\u2013377. doi: 10.1111\/jav.00801","journal-title":"J Avian Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1555_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syv067","volume":"65","author":"N Mart\u00ednez-Abad\u00edas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Abad\u00edas N, Mateu R, Niksic M, Russo L, Sharpe J (2015) Geometric morphometrics on gene expression patterns within phenotypes: a case example on limb development. Syst Biol 65(6):194\u2013211. doi: 10.1093\/sysbio\/syv067","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"1555_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2016.05.007","volume":"97","author":"W Archer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Archer W, Pop CM, Gunz P, McPherron SP (2016) What is still bay? Human biogeography and bifacial point variability. J Hum Evol 97:58\u201372. doi: 10.1016\/j.jhevol.2016.05.007","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1555_CR79","first-page":"9pp","volume":"4","author":"\u00d8 Hammer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hammer \u00d8 (2001) PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol Electronica 4(1):9pp","journal-title":"Palaeontol Electronica"},{"key":"1555_CR80","unstructured":"Wolfe C, Lestrel P, Read D (1998) EFF23 2-D and 3-D elliptical Fourier functions. Software Description and User\u2019s Manual v3.0, CA"},{"key":"1555_CR81","volume-title":"NTSYSpc: numerical taxonomy system, ver. 2.20","author":"F Rohlf","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rohlf F (2008) NTSYSpc: numerical taxonomy system, ver. 2.20. Exeter Publishing, Ltd, Setauket, NY"},{"key":"1555_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511529870.009","volume-title":"Fourier descriptors and their applications in biology","author":"LC Richards","year":"1997","unstructured":"Richards LC, Townsend GC, Kasai K (1997) Application of the Fourier method on genetic studies of dentofacial morphology. In: Lestrel PE (ed) Fourier descriptors and their applications in biology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 189\u2013209. doi: 10.1017\/CBO9780511529870.009"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00414-017-1555-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-017-1555-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-017-1555-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T16:21:51Z","timestamp":1568823711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00414-017-1555-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-017-1555-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-9827","1437-1596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-9827","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]]}}}