{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T02:52:49Z","timestamp":1779331969717,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Legal Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-018-01991-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T16:17:40Z","timestamp":1547223460000},"page":"625-632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Contribution of third molar eruption to the estimation of the forensic age of living individuals"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5650-5903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ars\u00e8ne","family":"Gambier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"R\u00e9rolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Faisant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Lemarchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Par\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Saint-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1991_CR1","unstructured":"Code de l\u2019action sociale et des familles - Article L111\u20132. https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/affichCodeArticle.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006074069&idArticle=LEGIARTI000006796413 . Accessed 12 Mar 2018"},{"key":"1991_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05379-X","volume":"358","author":"A Schmeling","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schmeling A, Olze A, Reisinger W, Geserick G (2001) Age estimation of living people undergoing criminal proceedings. Lancet 358:89\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05379-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1991_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmeling A, Grundmann C, Fuhrmann A, Kaatsch HJ, Knell B, Ramsthaler F, Reisinger W, Riepert T, Ritz-Timme S, R\u00f6sing FW, R\u00f6tzscher K, Geserick G (2008) Criteria for age estimation in living individuals. Int J Legal Med 122:457\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-008-0254-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-008-0254-2"},{"key":"1991_CR4","first-page":"211","volume":"45","author":"A Demirjian","year":"1973","unstructured":"Demirjian A, Goldstein H, Tanner JM (1973) A new system of dental age assessment. Hum Biol 45:211\u2013227","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"1991_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330210212","volume":"21","author":"CFA Moorrees","year":"1963","unstructured":"Moorrees CFA, Fanning EA, Hunt EE (1963) Formation and resorption of three deciduous teeth in children. Am J Phys Anthropol 21:205\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330210212","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"1991_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moorrees CFA, Fanning EA, Hunt EE (1963) Age variation of formation stages for ten permanent teeth. J Dent Res 42:1490\u20131502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00220345630420062701","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345630420062701"},{"key":"1991_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-008-0279-6","volume":"122","author":"R Cameriere","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cameriere R, Ferrante L, De Angelis D, Scarpino F, Galli F (2008) The comparison between measurement of open apices of third molars and Demirjian stages to test chronological age of over 18 year olds in living subjects. Int J Legal Med 122:493\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-008-0279-6","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"1991_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Franklin D, Karkhanis S, Flavel A, Collini F, De Luca S, Cameriere R (2016) Accuracy of a cut-off value based on the third molar index: validation in an Australian population. Forensic Sci Int 266:575.e1\u2013575.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.06.032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.06.032"},{"key":"1991_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Balla SB, Galic I, Karunakar P, Vanin S, De Luca S, Cameriere R (2017) Validation of third molar maturity index (I3M) for discrimination of juvenile\/adult status in South Indian population. J Forensic Legal Med 49:2\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2017.05.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2017.05.003"},{"key":"1991_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13418J","volume":"38","author":"HH Mincer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mincer HH, Harris EF, Berryman HE (1993) The A.B.F.O. study of third molar development and its use as an estimator of chronological age. J Forensic Sci 38:379\u2013390","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"1991_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E13","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2010.976","volume":"209","author":"HM Liversidge","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liversidge HM, Marsden PH (2010) Estimating age and the likelihood of having attained 18 years of age using mandibular third molars. Br Dent J 209:E13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bdj.2010.976","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"1991_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2015.02.005","volume":"55","author":"SE Andrews","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andrews SE (2015) Third molar observations in a sample of British male young offenders. Sci Justice 55:274\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scijus.2015.02.005","journal-title":"Sci Justice"},{"key":"1991_CR13","unstructured":"Rantanen AV (1967) The age of eruption of the third molar teeth: a clinical study based on Finnish university students. Tilgmann"},{"key":"1991_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levesque GY, Demirjian A, Tanguay R (1981) Sexual dimorphism in the development, emergence, and agenesis of the mandibular third molar. J Dent Res 60:1735\u20131741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00220345810600100201","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345810600100201"},{"key":"1991_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21258","volume":"142","author":"SJ AlQahtani","year":"2010","unstructured":"AlQahtani SJ, Hector MP, Liversidge HM (2010) Brief communication: the London atlas of human tooth development and eruption. Am J Phys Anthropol 142:481\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.21258","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"1991_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.02.008","volume":"15","author":"A Olze","year":"2008","unstructured":"Olze A, Peschke C, Schulz R, Schmeling A (2008) Studies of the chronological course of wisdom tooth eruption in a German population. J Forensic Legal Med 15:426\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.02.008","journal-title":"J Forensic Legal Med"},{"key":"1991_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","volume":"20","author":"J Cohen","year":"1960","unstructured":"Cohen J (1960) A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Meas 20:37\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001316446002000104","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"key":"1991_CR18","volume-title":"Paleodemography: age distributions from skeletal samples","author":"RD Hoppa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoppa RD, Vaupel JW (2008) Paleodemography: age distributions from skeletal samples. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"1991_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.07.003","volume":"102","author":"IA Niedzielska","year":"2006","unstructured":"Niedzielska IA, Drugacz J, Kus N, Kreska J (2006) Panoramic radiographic predictors of mandibular third molar eruption. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 102:154\u2013158; discussion 159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.07.003","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"1991_CR20","volume-title":"Developmental juvenile osteology","author":"L Scheuer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scheuer L, Black S (2000) Developmental juvenile osteology. Academic Press Inc, Cambridge"},{"key":"1991_CR21","unstructured":"Liversidge HM, Herdeg B, R\u00f6sing FW (1998) Dental age estimation of non-adults. A review of methods and principles. In: Dent. Anthropol. Springer, Vienna, pp 419\u2013442"},{"key":"1991_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00263-9","volume":"136","author":"K Gunst","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gunst K, Mesotten K, Carbonez A, Willems G (2003) Third molar root development in relation to chronological age: a large sample sized retrospective study. Forensic Sci Int 136:52\u201357","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1991_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS15292J","volume":"47","author":"AC Solari","year":"2001","unstructured":"Solari AC, Abramovitch K (2001) The accuracy and precision of third molar development as an indicator of chronological age in Hispanics. J Forensic Sci 47:531\u2013535","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"1991_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.08.018","volume":"154","author":"P Garamendi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Garamendi P, Landa MI, Ballesteros J, Solano MA (2005) Reliability of the methods applied to assess age minority in living subjects around 18 years old: a survey on a Moroccan origin population. Forensic Sci Int 154:3\u201312","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1991_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-007-0171-9","volume":"121","author":"A Olze","year":"2007","unstructured":"Olze A, van Niekerk P, Ishikawa T, Zhu BL, Schulz R, Maeda H et al (2007) Comparative study on the effect of ethnicity on wisdom tooth eruption. Int J Legal Med 121:445\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-007-0171-9","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"1991_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(11)80513-3","volume":"176","author":"S K\u00f6hler","year":"1994","unstructured":"K\u00f6hler S, Schmelzle R, Loitz C, P\u00fcschel K (1994) Development of wisdom teeth as a criterion of age determination. Ann Anat 176:339\u2013345","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"1991_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2015.05.004","volume":"34","author":"MYP Mohd Yusof","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohd Yusof MYP, Cauwels R, Deschepper E, Martens L (2015) Application of third molar development and eruption models in estimating dental age in Malay sub-adults. J Forensic Legal Med 34:40\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2015.05.004","journal-title":"J Forensic Legal Med"},{"key":"1991_CR28","unstructured":"European Parliament, Council of the European Union (2011) Directive 2011\/95\/EU of the European Parliament and the council of 13 December 2011 on standards for the qualification of third-country nationals or stateless persons as beneficiaries of international protection, for a uniform status for refugees or for persons eligible for subsidiary protection, and for the content of the protection granted. Off J Eur Union 9\u201326"},{"key":"1991_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.06.021","volume":"257","author":"S Karkhanis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karkhanis S, Mack P, Franklin D (2015) Dental age estimation standards for a Western Australian population. Forensic Sci Int 257:509.e1\u2013509.e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.06.021","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1991_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medleg.2011.05.003","volume":"2","author":"C Roug\u00e9-Maillart","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roug\u00e9-Maillart C, Franco A, Franco T, Jousset N (2011) Estimation of the age of 15\u201325 year-olds using Dermirjian\u2019s dental technique. Study of a population from the West, France. Rev M\u00e9decine L\u00e9gale 2:117\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medleg.2011.05.003","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9decine L\u00e9gale"},{"key":"1991_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.02.046","volume":"165","author":"K Orhan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Orhan K, Ozer L, Orhan AI, Dogan S, Paksoy CS (2007) Radiographic evaluation of third molar development in relation to chronological age among Turkish children and youth. Forensic Sci Int 165:46\u201351","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1991_CR32","first-page":"399","volume":"50","author":"O Artis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Artis O, Coudane H, Artis J (2007) Estimation de l\u2019\u00e2ge \u00e0 partir du stade de d\u00e9veloppement des dents de sagesse dans une population caucasienne du Nord-Est de la France. J M\u00e9decine L\u00e9gale Droit M\u00e9d 50:399\u2013407","journal-title":"J M\u00e9decine L\u00e9gale Droit M\u00e9d"},{"key":"1991_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s004149900102","volume":"113","author":"A Schmeling","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schmeling A, Reisinger W, Loreck D, Vendura K, Markus W, Geserick G (2000) Effects of ethnicity on skeletal maturation: consequences for forensic age estimations. Int J Legal Med 113:253\u2013258","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"1991_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(02)00245-1","volume":"129","author":"K Mesotten","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mesotten K, Gunst K, Carbonez A, Willems G (2002) Dental age estimation and third molars: a preliminary study. Forensic Sci Int 129:110\u2013115","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1991_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.09.008","volume":"193","author":"E Cunha","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cunha E, Baccino E, Martrille L, Ramsthaler F, Prieto J, Schuliar Y, Lynnerup N, Cattaneo C (2009) The problem of aging human remains and living individuals: a review. Forensic Sci Int 193:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.09.008","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"1991_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-004-0434-7","volume":"118","author":"A Olze","year":"2004","unstructured":"Olze A, Schmeling A, Taniguchi M, Maeda H, van Niekerk P, Wernecke K-D et al (2004) Forensic age estimation in living subjects: the ethnic factor in wisdom tooth mineralization. Int J Legal Med 118:170\u2013173","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"1991_CR37","first-page":"121","volume":"5","author":"A Hugoson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hugoson A, Kugelberg CF (1988) The prevalence of third molars in a Swedish population. An epidemiological study. Community Dent Health 5:121\u2013138","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"1991_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(03)90413-9","volume":"32","author":"SL Quek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Quek SL, Tay CK, Tay KH, Toh SL, Lim KC (2003) Pattern of third molar impaction in a Singapore Chinese population: a retrospective radiographic survey. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 32:548\u2013552","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1991_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1998","volume":"18","author":"VR Kumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumar VR, Yadav P, Kahsu E, Girkar F, Chakraborty R (2017) Prevalence and pattern of mandibular third molar impaction in Eritrean population: a retrospective study. J Contemp Dent Pract 18:100\u2013106","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"1991_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(05)80068-X","volume":"79","author":"FN Hattab","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hattab FN, Rawashdeh MA, Fahmy MS (1995) Impaction status of third molars in Jordanian students. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 79:24\u201329","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"1991_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(86)80060-6","volume":"15","author":"Z Haidar","year":"1986","unstructured":"Haidar Z, Shalhoub SY (1986) The incidence of impacted wisdom teeth in a Saudi community. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 15:569\u2013571","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1991_CR42","unstructured":"Schmeling A Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics of the German Association of Forensic Medicine. https:\/\/www.medizin.uni-muenster.de\/en\/rechtsmedizin\/schmeling\/agfad\/about\/home \/. Accessed 12 Mar 2018"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00414-018-01991-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-018-01991-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-018-01991-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T00:05:49Z","timestamp":1720915549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00414-018-01991-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1991"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-018-01991-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-9827","1437-1596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-9827","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 June 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving retrospective anonym data of human beings were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}